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The answer is (b) Sushruta

Term “Biology” originates from Greek words Bios and logia. The term biology was first used by Karl Linnaeus (1736) in his work Bibliotheca botanica in Latin form “Biologi”. Later on the term was used by Michael Cristoph Hanov (1766) in his work “Philosophia Naturalis Sive Physicale Tomus – III.

Study of manupulation of organism’s genome

Charaka (300 BC) was one of the principal contributors to the ancient art and science of Ayurveda. He is famous for authoring the medicine He has been identify as a native of kashmir and well known as the father of medicine.

The living beings perform certain vital activities which are essential to keep them live and are called as Charactarstics of Livingness. Such as

1. Movement
2. Respiration
3. Irritability
4. Growth
5. Reproduction
6. Excretion
7. Nutrition
8. Digestion
9. Metabolism
10. Homiostasis
11. To maintain specific territory

Stop growing whet for few days.

M.S Swaminadhan made the Indian self sufficient in the field of agriculture.

Plants and animals can easily be differentiated but it is slighlty difficult to differentiate lower plants and animals. For example Euglena, volvox etx. Botanists keep them under Botany and zoologists keep them under zoology.

The main difference between plants and animals are as follows:

(i) Growth:
The growth in plants is because of special tissues called as meristematic tissues. The meristematic tissues at the tip of stems and root cause apical growth and the lateral meristem causes diameter growth of root and stem. The animals lack such tissues.
Hence, the growth in plants is localised where as growth in animals is diffused.The growth in plants takes place continuously in the whole life where as in animals, growth occurs only up to a age except regeneration. The growth in plants takes place till death where as in animals it stops well before the death.

(ii ) Movements:
Animals are able to locomotes but the plants except unicellular plants are unable to locomote i.e plants remain fixed in the earth with the help of roots.

(iii) Photosynthesis:
The plants have chlorophyll. Hence, they synthesize their own food by the process of photosynthesis. They synthesize organic food using water, CO₂ and Sun light. The animals lack chlorophyll, hence are unable to perform photosynthesis. The animals obtain food from plants.
The plants are autotrophs whereas the animals are heterotrophs.

(iv) Absorption of mineral salts:
The mineral salts are required in various metabolic activities. The plants absorb mineral salts in the soluble form the soil with the help of roots. The animals get the mineral salts as food through the mouth.

(v) Centrosome – Centrosome is a cell orgenelle which participates in cell division. The animal cell have a centrosome situated near the nucleus. The centrosome is absent in higher plants

The living beings perform certain vital activities which are essential to keep them live and are called as characterstics of livingness. Such as

(i) Movement:
All living beings exhibit movements and most of the animals exhibit locomotion and others exhibit organ movements. Plants except unicellular plants do not exhibit locomotion but they exhibit Organ movements such as opening and closing of flowers, leaves etc.

(ii) Respiration:
Respiration is an essential feature of all living beings. It is a bio-chemical reaction which takes place in the living cells to obtain energy. (ATP). This energy is used to perform various vital activities.

(iii) Irritability:
All living being are capable to respond environmental changes such as change in temperature, light intensity, water composition etc.

(iv) Growth:
All the living beings exhibit growth but it is different in plants and animals.

(v) Reproduction:
All living beings reproduce to increase their own number. The characters through genes pass from generation to generation in the reproduction.

Acharya (Sir) Jagdish Chandra Bose (1858-1937) Vigyan ke Ananya Pathik (Unique Traveller of science).

Birth : 30 November,1858.

place : Munshiganj (British India) Now in Bangaldesh.

Died : 23 November, 1937 (Aged 78).

Known for : Millimeter waves, Radio, Crescograph, Contribution to plant biology.

Education : Hare School in 1869 and than St. Xavier’s School at Kolkata.

1875  St. Xavier’s College, Kolkata.
1879  B.A. from University of Kolkata.
1884 B.Sc. from University of London.
1896 D.Sc. from University of London.
1920 Fellow of Royal Society, London.

Information : He was a Bengali polymath, Physicist, biologist, biophysicist, botanist, archeologist & writer of science fiction.
Known for : Millimeter waves; Radio; Crescograph, Contribution to plant biology.
Notable awards : Companion of the order of the Indian Empire (CIE), 1903. Companion of the order of the Star of India (CSI), 1911 Knight Bacheolar, 1917.

Plants and animals can easily be differentiated but it is slighlty difficult to differentiate lower plants and animals. For example Euglena, volvox etc. Botanists keep them under Botany and zoologists keep them under zoology.

Birbal Sahni is the name of one Indian palaeobotanist.