Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

DNA 

1. It is mainly present in nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplast . 

2. It contains deoxyribose sugar 

3. Base pair A = T. G = C 

4. Double stranded molecules 

5. Its life time is high 

6. it is stable and not hydrolysed easily by alkalis 

7. It can replicate itself 

RNA

1. It is mainly present in cytoplasm, nucleolus and ribosomes 

2. It contains ribose sugar 

3. Base pair A = U. C = G 

4. Single stranded molecules 

5. It is Short lived 

6. It is unstable and hydrolyzed easily by alkalis 

7. It cannot replicate itself. It is formed from DNA.

Denaturation of proteins. 

1. In general, protein has a unique three – dimensional structure formed by interactions such as disuiphide bond, hydrogen bond, hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. 

2. These interactions can be disturbed when the protein is exposed to a higher temperature in certain chemicals such urea, alternation of pH, ionic strength etc. It leads to the loss of the three – dimensional structure. 

3. The process of a protein losing its higher order structure without losing the primary structure, It is called denaturation of protein. When a protein denatures, its biological function is also lost. 

4. Since the primary structure is intact, this process can be reversed in certain proteins. This can happen spontaneously upon restoring the original conditions or with the help of special enzymes called cheperons. 

5. Example: Coagulation of egg white by action of heat

Hormones

1. Hormones are produced in the endocrine or ductless glands. 

2. Hormones are not stored in the body. These are produced as and when required. 

3. They are effective in low concentration. Their excess or deficiency may cause hormonal disorders.

 4. Hormones influence the genes to produce specific enzymes required during metabolism. 

5. Example: Insulin 

Vitamins

1. Vitamins (except Vitarnin – D) are not produced in the body. Vitamin must be supplied in the diet. 

2. Vitamins are stored in the body upto certain extent. 

3. They are needed in small quantity. Excess vitamins are excreted. Their deficiency causes 

4. malfunctioning called deficiency diseases or avitaminosis.

5. They act as co-enzymes and help enzymes to perform their function. 

6. Example: Vitamin A, B, C, D, E and K

Hormone is an organic substance that is sëcreted by one tissue into the blood stream and induces a physiological response in other tissues. It is an inter  cellular signaling molecule. Virtually every process is a complex organism is regulated by one or more hormones. Example, insulin, epinephrine, estrogen, androgen etc.

Correct answer is

(b) Anomeric hydroxyl group

On the basis of their molecular shapes proteins are classified as :

(1) Fibrous proteins :

The proteins in which the polypeptide chains lie parallel (side by side) to form fibre-like structure, are called fibrous proteins. 

The polypeptide chains held together by hydrogen bonds. 

These proteins are insoluble in water.

The fibrous proteins are tough and insoluble in water, and dilute acids or bases.

Example : myαin (in muscles), keratin (in hair, nails, skin), fibroin (in silk), collagen (in tendons), etc.

(2) Globular proteins : 

The proteins have spherical shape. 

This shape results from coiling around of the polypeptide chain of protein, and have intramolecular hydrogen bonding are called globular proteins.

They are soluble in water and dilute acids or bases.

Example : 

Haemoglobin (in blood), albumin (in eggs), insulin (in pancreas), etc.

Correct answer is

(c) Tertiary

Sucrose, Lactose

Pepsin, amylase esterases, polymerases. 

(1) The polynucleotide is double stranded. (DNA) 

(2) The polynucleotide contains uracil. (RNA) 

(3) The polynucleotide contain D-ribose (RNA) 

(4) The polynucleotide contains Guanine (DNA, RNA)

Jhymne pyrimidine present only in DNA.

Ash is the remnant of a living tissue that is denied and fully burnt till all the carbon compounds in it is oxidized to gaseous form and removed.

Amino acids are organic compounds containing an amino group and an acidic group as substituents on the same carbon (a – carbon) 

Correct answer is

(d) Natural amino acid

Saccharides.

Correct answer is

(c) It cannot be synthesised by human body.

Glucose is the common sugar found in animals.

Glycosidic Bond: It is a bond formed during the condensation of monosaccharides for the formation of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. E.g., Cellulose.

The answer is: 20

Twenty types

Tyrosine, tryptophan.

Because of the ionizable nature of – NH₂ and – COOH groups present in amino acid, structure of amino acids changes in solutions of different pHs.

(a) 16 carbon atoms

(b) 20 carbon atoms.

Glycerol  is tri-hydroxy propane.

Lilac is present only in RNA.