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1.

Can you recall meiosis and indicate at what stage a recombinant DNA is made?

Answer» Meiosis is a process that involves the reduction in the amount of genetic material. It is two types, namely meiosis I and meiosis II. During the pachytene stage of prophase I, crossing over of chromosomes takes place where the exchange of segments between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes takes place. this results in the formation of recombinant DNA.
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2.

Do eukaryotic cells have restriction endonucleases ? Justify your answer.

Answer» No, eukaryotic cells do not have restriction endonucleases. This is because the DNA of eukaryotes is highly methylated by a modification enzyme, called methylase. Methylation protects the DNA from the activity of restriction enzymes. These enzymes are present in prokaryotic cells where they help prevent the invasion of DNA by virus.
Discussion
3.

What would be the molar concentration of human DNA in a human cell? Consult your teacher.

Answer» The molar concentration of human DNA in a human diploid cell is as follows:
`implies`Total number oc hromosomes `xx6.023xx10^(23)`
`implies46xx6.023xx10^(23)implies2.77xx10^(23)` moles
Hence, the molar concentration of DNA in each diploid cell in humans is `2.77xx1023`moles.
Discussion
4.

Can you think and answer how a reporter enzymes can be used to monitor tranformation of host cells by foreign DNA in addition to a selectable marker ?

Answer» A reporter gene can be used to differentiate transformed cells by tracking down the activity of its co-responding genes (receptor gene). It can be used to monitor the transformation of host cells by foreign DNAgt they act as a selectagle marker to determine whether the host cell has taken up the foreign DNA or the foreign gene gets expressed in the cell. The researchers place the reporter gene an the foreign gene in the same DNA construct. Then, this combined DNA construct is inserted int he cell. Here, the reporter gene is used as a selectable marker to find out the successful uptake of genes of interest (foreign genes). An example of reproter genes includes lac Z gene,which encodes a green gluorescent protein in a jelly fish. theother, which appear blue in colour, indicate that cells do not carry foreign DNA.
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