InterviewSolution
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InterviewSolution
This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 1. |
The respiratory substrate yielding maximum number of ATP molecules among the following isA. GlycogenB. AmylaseC. Ketogenic amino acidD. Glucose |
| Answer» Correct Answer - c | |
| 2. |
In the process of transport of `CO_(2)`, which phenomenon occurs between RBCs and plasma ?A. OsmosisB. AdsorptionC. Chloride shiftD. Absorption |
| Answer» Correct Answer - C | |
| 3. |
the enzyme essential for the transport for the transport of `CO_(2)` as dicarbonate in blood isA. CarboxypeptidaseB. SuccinicdehydrogenaseC. Carbonic anhydraseD. Thrombokinase |
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Answer» Correct Answer - C Enzyme essential for transport of `CO_(2)` as bicarbonate in blood is carbonic anhydrase. |
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| 4. |
For proper transport of `O_(2)` and `CO_(2)` blood should beA. slightly acidicB. strongly , acidicC. strongly alkalineD. slightly alkaline |
| Answer» Correct Answer - D | |
| 5. |
the enzyme essential for the transport for the transport of `CO_(2)` as dicarbonate in blood isA. CarboxypeptidaseB. Succininc dehydrogensaseC. Carbonic anhydraseD. Thombokinase |
| Answer» Correct Answer - c | |
| 6. |
How the transport of `O_(2)` and `CO_(2)` by blood happens?A. With the help of WBCs and blood serumB. With the help of platelets and corpusclesC. With the help of RBCs and blood plasmaD. With the help of RBCs and WBCs |
| Answer» Correct Answer - C | |
| 7. |
In the process of transport of `CO_(2)`, which phenomenon occurs between RBCs and plasma ?A. osmosisB. adsorptionC. absorptionD. chloride shift |
| Answer» Correct Answer - D | |
| 8. |
In a normal man to help the transport of `O_(2) " and " CO_(2)` properly, the blood isA. Slightly alkalineB. Slightly acidicC. Strongly alkalineD. Strongly acidic |
| Answer» Correct Answer - a | |
| 9. |
How is respiration regulated? |
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Answer» The respiratory rhythm centre present in the medulla region of the brain is primarily responsible for the regulation of respiration. The pneumotaxic centre can alter the function performed by the respiratory rhythm centre by signalling to reduce the inspiration rate. The chemosensitive region present near the respiratory centre is sensitive to carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions. This region then signals to change the rate of expiration for eliminating the compounds. The receptors present in the carotid artery and aorta detect the levels of carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions in blood. As the level of carbon dioxide increases, the respiratory centre sends nerve impulses for the necessary changes. |
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| 10. |
What are the major transport mechanisms for `CO_(2)`? Explain. |
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Answer» Plasma and red blood cells transport carbon dioxide. This is because they are readily soluble in water. (1) Through plasma: About `7%` of `CO_(2)` is carried in a dissolved state through plasma. Carbon dioxide combines with water and forms carbonic acid. `CO_(2) +H_(2)O=underset("(Carbonic acid)")(H_(CO_(3))` Since the process of forming carbonic acid is slow, only a small amount of carbon dioxide is carried this way. (2) Through RBCs: About 20 – 25% of `CO_(2)` is transported by the red blood cells as carbaminohaemoglobin. Carbon dioxide binds to the amino groups on the polypeptide chains of haemoglobin and forms a compound known as carbaminohaemoglobin. (3) Through sodium bicarbonate: About 70% of carbon dioxide is transported as sodium bicarbonate. As `CO_(2)` diffuses into the blood plasma, a large part of it combines with water to form carbonic acid in the presence of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. Carbonic anhydrase is a zinc enzyme that speeds up the formation of carbonic acid. This carbonic acid dissociates into bicarbonate `(HCO_(3)^(-))` and hydrogen ions `(H^(+))`. `CO_(2) + H_(2)O overset("carbonic anhydrase")to H_(2)CO_(3)` `H_(2)CO_(3)underset("anhydrase")overset("Carbonic")to HCO_(3)^(-)+H^(+)` |
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| 11. |
What will be the `pO_(2) and pCO_(2)` in the atmospheric air compared to those in the alveolar air? (i) `pO_(2)` lesser, `pCO_(2)` higher (ii) `pO_(2)` higher, `pCO_(2)` lesser (iii) `pO_(2)` higher, `pCO_(2)` higher (iv) `pO_(2)` lesser, `pCO_(2)` lesser |
| Answer» Correct Answer - (ii) | |
| 12. |
What will be the `pO_(2)" and "pCO_(2)` in the atmospheric air compared to those in the alveolar air?A. `pO_(2)" lesser," pCO_(2)` higherB. `pO_(2)" higher, "pCO_(2)` lesserC. `pO_(2)" higher, "pCO_(2)` higherD. `pO_(2)" lesser," pCO_(2)` lesser |
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Answer» Correct Answer - B `pO_(2)" higher and "pCO_(2)` lesser in the atmospheric air compared to those in the alveolar air. |
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| 13. |
What will be the `pO_(2) and pCO_(2)` in the atmospheric air compared to those in the alveolar air? (i) `pO_(2)` lesser, `pCO_(2)` higher (ii) `pO_(2)` higher, `pCO_(2) lesser (iii) `pO_(2)` higher, `pCO_(2) higher (iv) `pO_(2)` lesser, `pCO_(2)` lesser |
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Answer» (ii) `pO_(2)` higher, `pCO_(2)` lesser The partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air is higher than that of oxygen in alveolar air. In atmospheric air, `pO_(2)` is about 159 mm Hg. In alveolar air, it is about 104 mm Hg. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in atmospheric air is lesser than that of carbon dioxide in alveolar air. In atmospheric air, `pCO_(2)` is about 0.3 mmHg. In alveolar air, it is about 40 mm Hg. |
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| 14. |
Volume of air breathed in and out during normal breathing is calledA. tidal volumeB. vital capacityC. residual volumeD. inspiratiory reserve volume |
| Answer» Correct Answer - A | |
| 15. |
Volume of air breathed in and out during normal breathing is calledA. Vital capacityB. IRVC. ERVD. Tidal volume |
| Answer» Correct Answer - D | |
| 16. |
Mark the incorrect statement in context to `O_(2)` normal breathing in humansA. External and internal intercostal musclesB. Diaphragm and abdominal musclesC. Diaphragm and external intercostal musclesD. Diaphragm and internal intercostal muscles |
| Answer» Correct Answer - D | |
| 17. |
Which of the following statement is incorrect w.r.t the mechanism of breathing ?A. The movement of air into and out of the lungs is carried out by creating a pressure gradient between the lungs and atmosphere.B. Inspiration is initiated by the concentration of diaphragm which increases the volume of thoracici chamber.C. The contraction of external intercostal muscles lifts up the ribs and sternum causing decrease in the volume of thoracic chamber.D. On an average, a healthy human breathes 12-16 times/ min. |
| Answer» Correct Answer - C | |
| 18. |
The thoracic cage of man is formed ofA. Ribs and sternumB. Ribs, sternum and thoracic vertebraeC. Ribs, sternum and lumbar vertebraeD. Ribs and thoracic vertebrae |
| Answer» Correct Answer - B | |
| 19. |
Oxygen haemoglobin dissociation curve will shift to right on decrease ofA. AcidityB. Carbon dioxideC. TemperatureD. pH |
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Answer» Correct Answer - D See Answer for Q.85 from topic-4. Oxygen haemoglobin dissociation curve will shift to right on decrease of pH. |
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| 20. |
Decrease in pH causes `O_(2)` dissociation curve of . haemoglobin t6 shift toA. LeftB. RightC. Remain unchangedD. Oscillate erratically |
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Answer» Correct Answer - B Factors which shift oxygen dissociation curve to right: 1. Decrease in `pO_(2)`. 2. Increase in `pCO_(2)` (Bohr effect). 3. Increase in body temperature. entration. 4. Increase in `H^(+)` ion cone 5. Decrease in PH 6 Increase in 2, 3 diphosphoglycerate. |
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| 21. |
Cigarette smoking causes emphysema. Give reason. |
| Answer» Cigarette smoking damages alveolar walls due to alveolar sacs remaining filled with air leading to decreased respiratory surface for exchange of gases. | |
| 22. |
Which of the following statement is not true for man?A. Forceful expiration is an active processB. Mammals have hegative pressure breathingC. Internal intercostal and abdominal muscles are muscles of forcefui inspirationD. Respiration excretes `CO_(2)` water etc. |
| Answer» Correct Answer - C | |
| 23. |
Reverse of the chloride shifts occurs duringA. Internal respirationB. External respirationC. Cellular respirationD. Anaerobic respiration |
| Answer» Correct Answer - B | |
| 24. |
Dissociation curve shifts to the right whenA. `CO_(2)` concentration decreasesB. `CO_(2)` concetration incrasesC. `O_(2)` concentration increasesD. `Cl^(-)` concentration increases |
| Answer» Correct Answer - B | |
| 25. |
`Hb + O_(2) underset((2))overset ((1))hArr HbO_(2)` Select (1) and (2) from the given optionsA. (1) is tissues and (2) is lungsB. (1) is lungs and (2) is bloodC. (1)is blood and (2) is lungsD. (1) is lungs and (2) is tissues |
| Answer» Correct Answer - D | |
| 26. |
Which factors affect the dissociation of `O_(2)` from Hb?A. `pH,pO_(2),pCO_(2)` and temperatureB. Only pHC. Salinity, temperature and `pCO_(2)`D. `HCO_(3)^(-)` ions concentration, pH and salinity |
| Answer» Correct Answer - A | |
| 27. |
To which part of Hb, `CO_(2)` binds?A. HaemB. Amino group of globinC. Iron of harm groupD. Carboxy group of globin |
| Answer» Correct Answer - B | |
| 28. |
Which compound is formed when `O_(2)` binds with Hb ? |
| Answer» Carbminohaemoglobin | |
| 29. |
Which of the following binds with haemoglobin irreversibly?A. Carbon dioxideB. OxygenC. Carbon monoxideD. Nitrogen |
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Answer» Correct Answer - C Carbon monoxide binds with haemoglobin irreversibly |
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| 30. |
When you hold your breath, which of the following gas changes in blood would first lead to the urge to breatheA. Falling `CO_(2)` concentrationB. Falling `CO_(2)" and falling "O_(2)` concentrationC. Falling `O_(2)` concentrationD. Increasing `CO_(2)` concentration |
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Answer» Correct Answer - D When you how your breath, falling `CO_(2)`concentration in blood would first led to the urge to breathe. |
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| 31. |
Carbon dioxide is carried in bloodA. As dissolved gasB. As bicarbonatesC. In combination with haemoglobinD. All of the above |
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Answer» Correct Answer - D Carbon dioxide is carried in blood as dissolved gas. as bicarbonates and in combination with haemoglobin. Carbon monoxide binds with haemoglobin. |
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| 32. |
(i) Study the given figure of respiratory passage carefully . Parts are labelled as a,b,c,d and e. Label these parts . (ii) How many secondary bronchi are there in right and left human lung ? (iii) What is the approximatge length width of human trachea (wind pipe) ? (iv) What is the role of epiglottis? (v) In which body cavity the lungs are located ? |
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Answer» (i) (a) Alveolar sac (b) Secondary bronchus (c ) Alveoli (air sacs ) (d ) Bronchioles (e ) Trachea. (ii) 3 and 2 respectively (iii) 11 cm long and 2.5 cm wide (iv) It closes the glottic during swallowing to check the entry of food into wind pipe. (v) Thoracic cavity. |
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| 33. |
Which of the following pulmonary volume cannot be measured by spirometer directly ?A. Tidal volumeB. Vital capacityC. Inspiratory capacityD. Residual volume. |
| Answer» Correct Answer - D | |
| 34. |
Go thruogh the following values (i) residual volume -1200 ml (ii) vital capacity -5.5 to 6.5 litres (iii) expiratory reserve -1100ml (iv) minut e respiratory volume -6000 to 8000 ltrbgt which of these are correct ?A. I , ii & iiiB. ii, iii & ivC. I , ii & ivD. all are correct |
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Answer» Correct Answer - C Vital capacity =3.5 to 4.5 litres |
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| 35. |
the haemoglobin of a human foetusA. Has higher affinity for oxygen than that of an adultB. Has a lower affinity for oxygen than that of the adultC. Its affinity for oxygen is the same as that of adultD. Has two protein sub-units instead of four |
| Answer» Correct Answer - A | |
| 36. |
Assertion : Asthma is a difficulty in breathing caushing wheezing. Reason : Asthma occurs due to inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles.A. If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertionB. If both assertion and reason are true and reason is not the correct explanation of assertionC. If assertion is true but reason is false.D. If both assertion and reason are false. |
| Answer» Correct Answer - A | |
| 37. |
A person faces difficulty in breathing and produces sound during breathing . Name the disease from which he surffers |
| Answer» Correct Answer - Asthma | |
| 38. |
In which of the following disorders there is difficulty in breathing causing wheezing due to inflammation of bronchi and bornchioles?A. EmphysemaB. AsthmaC. PleurisyD. Tuberculosis |
| Answer» Correct Answer - B | |
| 39. |
Inflammation of the lung covering causing severe chest pain isA. emphysemaB. pleurisyC. asphyxiaD. hypoxia |
| Answer» Correct Answer - B | |
| 40. |
Which is the respiratory organ of earthworm ? |
| Answer» Moist cuticle is used by earthworm as respiratory as respiratory organ. | |
| 41. |
Write the respiratory organ of todpole larve of frog . |
| Answer» Correct Answer - Gilis | |
| 42. |
Name two group of animals that respire via gils ? |
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Answer» Invertebrates - Aquatic arthropods like prawn and molluscs like Unio Vertebrates - Fishes |
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| 43. |
Which group of animals respire through lungs?A. Earthworm and insectsB. Sponges, coelenterates and flatwormsC. Fishes and aquatic arthropodsD. Reptiles, birds and mammals |
| Answer» Correct Answer - D | |
| 44. |
State whether the following statements are true or false : (a) Fishes respire with their skin. (b) Aerobic respiration produces lactic acid at the end. ( c) Gas exchanges continue uninterrrupted in the lungs after a forceful expiration. (d ) A person can expal brough about by the relaxation of inspiratory muscles. (f ) vital capacity represents the maximum capacity to ventilate the lungs. ( g) A rise in `Pco_(2)` increase the oxygen -affinity of haemoglobin. ( h) Forceful expiration results from a forceful contraction of diaphragm. (i) Oxyhaemoglobin can hold much less carbon dioxide in the form of carbaminohaemoglobin than what deoxyhaemoglobin can. |
| Answer» False : (a) ,(b) , (d) , (g) , (h). True : (c ) , (e ) , (f ) , (i) | |
| 45. |
After taking a long deep breath we do not respire for some seconds due toA. More `CO_(2)` in bloodB. More `O_(2)` in bloodC. Less `CO_(2)` in bloodD. Less `O_(2)` in blood |
| Answer» Correct Answer - c | |
| 46. |
Fill up the blanks in the following paragraph by selecting the correct option. Human beings have a significant ability to maintain and moderate the respiratory rhythm to suti the demands of the body tissues. This is done by the neural system. A specialised centre present in the medulla region of the brain called `overset((i))"_______"` is primarily responsible for this regulation. Another centre present in the pons region of the brain called `overset((ii))"_______"` can moderate the functions of the repiratory rhytm cenre. Neutral signal from this cenre cen reduce the duration of `overset((iii))"_______"` and thereby alter the respiratory rate. A `overset((iv))"_______"` is situated adjacent to the rhythm centre which is highly sensitive to `CO_(2)` and hydrogen ions.A. `{:("(i)",(ii),(iii),(iv)),("Chemosensitive area","Respiratory rhythm centre","Expiration","Pneumotaxic centre"):}`B. `{:("(i)",(ii),(iii),(iv)),("Respiratory rhythm centre","Pneumotaxic centre","Inspiration","Chemosensitive area"):}`C. `{:("(i)",(ii),(iii),(iv)),("Respiratory rhythm centre","Chemosensitive area","Expiration","Pneumotaxic centre"):}`D. `{:("(i)",(ii),(iii),(iv)),("Pneumotaxic centre","Chemosensitive area","Inspiration","Respiratory rhythm centre"):}` |
| Answer» Correct Answer - B | |
| 47. |
Which of the following equation is correct ?A. `KHbO_(2)+H^(+)underset(RBC)iffHb+K+HO_(2)`B. `Hb-O_(2)underset("Dissociation in lungs")overset("Association in tissues")iffHbHO_(2)`C. `Na^(+)+HCO_(3) underset("Erythrocyte")iffNaHCO_(3)`D. `HbO_(2) underset("Association in lungs")overset("Dissociation in tissues")iffHb+O_(2)` |
| Answer» Correct Answer - D | |
| 48. |
Shifting of the curve to right takes place in the case of A. raise in `pCO_(2)`B. fall in pHC. raise in temperatureD. All of these |
| Answer» Correct Answer - D | |
| 49. |
Human being have ability to maintain and moderate the respiratory rhythm by the help of : |
| Answer» Correct Answer - Neural system | |
| 50. |
Humans have to maintain the moderate respiratory rhythms to suit the demands of the body. For fulfilling that purpose, we have the Respiratory rhytm centre in medulla =R Pneumotaxic centre in pons =PT Chemosensitive area in medulla `=C_(1)` Peripheral chmoreceptors in aortic arch and Carotid artery `=C_(2)` Select the correct path for the regulation of respiration.A. `C_(1)to underset(R)underset(uarr)(PT)to C_(2)`B. `PTto underset(R)underset(uarr)(C_(2))to C_(1)`C. `PT to underset(C_(1))underset(uarr)(R)to C_(2)`D. `C_(2)R to PT to C_(1)` |
| Answer» Correct Answer - C | |