Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

Correct answer is (d) DYNAMICALLY

The best explanation: The malloc() and the unmalloc() are the SYSTEM calls which is USED by the UNIX operating system which allocates the memory dynamically and RETURNS it.

Right answer is (c) variable size buffer

To explain I WOULD say: The buffer EXCHANGE becomes inefficient while concerning the memory usage for small and the simple DATA. In order to solve this problem, variable size buffers can be USED but this REQUIRES a more complex operation to handle the length of the valid data.

Correct choice is (a) BUFFER latency

To explain I would say: The buffer latency DETERMINES the EARLIEST information that PASSES through the buffer and any response to that information will be delayed by the buffer latency irrespective of how fast the processor is.

Correct choice is (b) HIGH water tank

Easy explanation: The high water tank MEASURES the number of empty entries, that is the number of empty entries above the high water tank determines the length of time which is available to stop the filling of the BUFFER and it can prevent the DATA loss through overrunning.

Right answer is (d) underrun

The best I can explain: In the LINEAR buffer, when it is empty it will provide the OLD data, usually the last entry so that the processor will continue to PROCESS the incorrect data POTENTIALLY, and this condition is known as underrun.

Right option is (b) OVERRUN

For explanation: In the overrun condition, the LINEAR buffer will LOSE the incoming data when the buffer is FILLED and the data it contains become older.

The correct option is (a) BUFFER EXCHANGE

Easiest EXPLANATION: The buffer exchange can support the SPOX operating SYSTEM which is used for the digital signal processors and it is easy to implement.

Correct OPTION is (c) frame

Best explanation: The stack contains certain frames which are used to STORE the return information of the stack and THUS the frame need to be removed by adjusting the stack pointer accordingly. NORMALLY this is done to AVOID the memory leakage.

Right option is (c) linear BUFFER

Easiest explanation: The linear buffer will LOSE the INCOMING DATA when full such that the data it contains become older, which is known as the OVERRUN condition.

The correct CHOICE is (a) MEMORY LEAKAGE

Explanation: The memory leakage is used to DESCRIBE the bug within the memory SYSTEM.

Right OPTION is (d) memory and a register

Explanation: The SLACK is created in the same way as the BUFFER does, that is by USING a memory and a pointer. The control associated with the buffer or memory is a register which ACTS as an address pointer.

The CORRECT choice is (d) dynamically

Easy EXPLANATION: The buffer memory ALLOCATION is done in two WAYS, statically and dynamically. Dynamically, it can allocate memory during runtime by calling an operating system.

Correct choice is (B) BUFFER exchange

The explanation: The buffer exchange can be used for exchanging the EMPTY buffers with the full ONES. It will have more than two buffers.

Right ANSWER is (a) PARTIAL filling

Easiest explanation: The latency is INTRODUCED because of the size of the buffer. The partial filling of data can be used to reduce the latency but it REQUIRES some additional control signal.

Right answer is (C) latency

The best explanation: The latency will be a problem for the real-time OPERATING system such as the DIGITAL audio system which must have a consistent and regular STREAM of DATA.

The correct choice is (c) variable type and definition

Explanation: The amount of allocated BUFFER memory DEPENDS on the variable type and the definition, the strings and the character arrays are the most commonly used TYPES.

The correct option is (a) BUFFER

To explain I would say: The buffer is an area that is USED to store DATA temporarily which can be used to compensate the timing PROBLEMS.

Right CHOICE is (b) linear BUFFER

Explanation: The linear buffer is contiguous MEMORY which is a single piece memory that is controlled by the pointers whose address increments LINEARLY.

Right answer is (C) pointer

The explanation is: The data can be REMOVED from the BUFFER using a pointer. The pointer locates the next value and can move the data from the buffer and is moved to the next location by INCREMENTING its value by the number of words or bytes.

Right answer is (b) low and high water mark

To ELABORATE: There are some errors in the linear buffering which includes the loss of data especially in the regular sampling. This can be avoided by the pointers that are checked against certain values and the result is used to fetch more data. These points are KNOWN as the low water mark and the high water mark. It is NAMED so because it is similar to the high and low water marks SEEN at the coast which INDICATES the maximum and minimum levels that the tidal water will fall and rise.

Right CHOICE is (a) stack

The BEST explanation: The EXCEPTION handler is the one which clean up the stack memory before returning to the previous executing software thread and the ROM STORES the CONTEXT of exception in the stack automatically or as a part of the exception routine.

Correct answer is (a) READ

The best explanation: The buffer EXCHANGE will contain the data in case of the writing PROCESS but the buffer will be EMPTIED in the case of the read cycle.

Correct choice is (d) register

Best explanation: The control associated with the BUFFER or memory is a register which ACTS as an ADDRESS pointer.

Correct CHOICE is (C) stack FRAME error

The EXPLANATION is: The stack frame errors are the common errors which are SEEN in the memory leakage and it is caused by the stack overflowing of its allocated memory space and the system call function failure.

The correct answer is (b) inter-task COMMUNICATION

Best explanation: The level of the inter-task communication can indicate the buffer status, that is whether it is FULL or READY for COLLECTION.

Right choice is (c) multiple buffers

The BEST explanation: The requesting task can use multiple buffers which can ASSIMILATE large amounts of data before PROCESSING. This can be considered one of the ADVANTAGES of the buffer exchange.

The correct answer is (a) single buffer

The best EXPLANATION: The single buffer uses a single low water TANK and a next data pointer. The next data pointer is used for ACCESSING the next ENTRY that should be extracted.

The CORRECT option is (B) 32-bit word

The explanation is: The 32-bit PROCESSOR can access 32-bit word and hence the pointer is incremented by one.

Right option is (b) last ENTRY

The explanation: The last entry will have a SPECIAL value that indicates that the entry is the last one but the first entry uses the pointer entry to LOCATE the POSITION.

The CORRECT CHOICE is (a) unmalloc()

To EXPLAIN I WOULD say: The malloc() and unmalloc() are the system calls in which the unmalloc() is the counterpart of the malloc().

Right answer is (B) BUFFER

To elaborate: The buffer can be used as a collection point for DATA, that is all the IMPORTANT information can be collected and organised before PROCESSING.

The CORRECT answer is (c) MALLOC() and unmalloc()

To explain I would say: The malloc() and the unmalloc() are the system calls which is USED by the UNIX operating system which allocates the MEMORY DYNAMICALLY and returns it.

Correct answer is (a) STATICALLY

The best I can explain: The BUFFER memory can be allocated MAINLY in two ways, statically and dynamically. Statically, the memory is allocated through the linker and dynamically it can allocate memory during RUNTIME by CALLING an operating system.

The correct CHOICE is (a) first entry

For explanation I WOULD say: The first entry of the single linked list will use the pointer entry to POINT the location of the second entry and so on. The last entry will have a special value that INDICATES that the entry is the last ONE.

Right answer is (c) buffer EXCHANGE

For explanation: The buffer exchange allows the multiple TASKS to process simultaneously without having to have CONTROL structures to SUPERVISE access and it is also used to simplify the control code.

The CORRECT answer is (d) write

Explanation: The BUFFER will be EMPTIED in the case of the readin process and it will CONTAIN the data in case of the writing process.

Right choice is (a) LINEAR buffer

For explanation: The linear buffer has a single piece of contiguous memory which is controlled by the POINTERS whose address INCREMENTS linearly and it will LOSE data when it is full and fail to provide data when it is empty.

The correct option is (a) DIGITAL signal processor

Easy EXPLANATION: The digital signal processor with on-chip memory and the microcontroller possesses an ISSUE on concerning the memory size of the buffer with small amounts of RAM. But with the LARGE SYSTEM, this is not a major issue.

Right choice is (C) linked lists

The best explanation: The linked lists are the way of combining buffers in a methodical way and REGULAR METHOD by using the pointers to POINT the NEXT entry in the list. This can be maintained by adding an entry to the which contains the address of the next buffer.

The correct option is (b) 8086

To explain: The 8086 has a segmented architecture where the buffers are having a DIFFERENT segment. In such PROCESSORS, the device drive is running in the supervisor mode, REQUESTING task in the user mode and so on.

The correct ANSWER is (d) directional buffer

The EXPLANATION is: The directional buffer is used for the signal DATA or for the data which is SAMPLED periodically. The data must be KEPT in the same order in order to preserve it in chronological order.