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Correct option is (b) Bureaucracy

1. It is the administrative system that works under the Union Executive. 

2. As this administrative system includes civil servants i.e. bureaucrats, it is called Bureaucracy. 

3. It has the responsibility of actual implementation of government’s policies. 

4. Though the ministers control the bureaucracy, they are dependent on the bureaucracy for information and efficient functioning.

1. Many laws are enacted by the government for empowerment of women, protection of children and marginalised sections of the society. 

2. Social change is brought through the implementation of such policies. 

3. These laws are successfully implemented by the bureaucracy.

Hence, Bureaucracy is considered as an important instrument of social transformation.

1. Bureaucracy is the administrative system which actually implements the government’s policies. 

2. Though the government changes, bureaucracy remains constant. Thus, it is permanent in nature. 

3. It has to remain politically neutral and discharge its duties. 

4. Its anonymity is maintained, i.e. it is not held directly responsible for any success or failure of policies and it is never publicly criticized. 

Thus, the structure of Bureaucracy in India is extensive and complex.

1. Defending the country from external aggression and internal threats and ensuring security of the country is carried out by the Armed Forces. 

2. Services provided to the citizens for making their daily lives comfortable and enabling them to develop themselves and the society are called Civil Services. 

3. The administrative system developed to provide services to citizens are called Civil Services. 

4. The armed forces help the civil services for internal security.

Correct option is (d) neutral

1. It is the Minister who is responsible for the efficient and smooth functioning of his department. 

2. Though providing necessary information and giving advice is the function of the bureaucracy, it is not accountable for any inefficiency. 

3. The Parliament holds the Minister responsible for inefficiency and malpractices. 

4. In such case, the Minister bears the responsibility and protects the bureaucracy. 

Thus, the anonymity of bureaucracy is preserved, which means they are not held directly responsible for any success or failure of policy.

1. In Parliamentary democracy, in India, a new government comes in power after every five years. But the bureaucracy is permanent, i.e. they remain same. 

2. Bureaucracy is expected to implement the policies and decisions of the earlier government with same efficiency and commitment. 

3. Civil servants are expected to keep away from taking a political stand and remain neutral while discharging their duties. 

4.  If civil servants work according to their political views it will lead to chaos. Hence, they should be politically neutral

1. In Parliamentary democracy, the Executive is responsible for the efficient governance of the country. 

2. The decisions relating to the concerned department are made by the minister-in charge, but necessary information to make such decisions is given by the civil servants. 

3. The ministers are dependent on the civil servants for many reasons.

Hence, coordination and mutual trust between the civil servants and ministers help in efficient functioning of the government.

1. The efficiency of a particular department depends upon the inter-relationship between the Minister and his Secretary and Deputy secretary. 

2. The decisions taken by the Ministers are based on the necessary information provided by the bureaucracy. 

3. The bureaucracy, i.e. civil servants have complete information about the financial provisions for a particular scheme or plan and also about the history of successes and failures of policies. 

4. Hence, if the Ministers develop mutual trust and transparency with the civil servants, it will help in the efficient administration of the department.

The Constitution of India has established autonomous institutions like Public Service Commissions for following reasons:

1. To select civil servants. 

2. To conduct competitive exams for selecting candidates on the criteria of merit and efficiency. 

3. To decide other aspect to like the nature of the exam, syllabus, eligibility, etc. 

4. To select efficient and deserving candidates through interviews and recommend them to the government for appointment.

Correct option is (a) Constitution