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A user account and its associated DATA including tables, views, indexes, clusters, sequences,procedures, functions, triggers,packages and database links is known as Oracle SCHEMA. SYSTEM, SCOTT etc are default schema's. We can create a new Schema/User. But we can't DROP default database schema's.

A user account and its associated data including tables, views, indexes, clusters, sequences,procedures, functions, triggers,packages and database links is known as Oracle schema. System, SCOTT etc are default schema's. We can create a new Schema/User. But we can't drop default database schema's.

DATA Segment(for STORING USER Data), Index Segment (for storing index), ROLLBACK Segment and TEMPORARY Segment.

Data Segment(for storing User Data), Index Segment (for storing index), Rollback Segment and Temporary Segment.

Database contain one or more ROLLBACK SEGMENTS to ROLL BACK transactions and data recovery.

Database contain one or more Rollback Segments to roll back transactions and data recovery.

A SEGMENT is a GROUP of EXTENTS, each of which has been allocated for a specific data STRUCTURE and all of which are stored in the same table-space.

A segment is a group of extents, each of which has been allocated for a specific data structure and all of which are stored in the same table-space.

An extent is a specific number of consecutive data blocks ALLOCATED for storing a specific TYPE of INFORMATION.

An extent is a specific number of consecutive data blocks allocated for storing a specific type of information.

Oracle stores data in data blocks also CALLED as LOGICAL blocks, Oracle blocks or pages. A data BLOCK represents specific NUMBER of bytes of space on disk.

Oracle stores data in data blocks also called as logical blocks, Oracle blocks or pages. A data block represents specific number of bytes of space on disk.

Control file is a binary file which STORES Database name, ASSOCIATED data files, redo files, DB creation time and current log sequence NUMBER. WITHOUT control file database cannot be started and can hamper data recovery.

Control file is a binary file which stores Database name, associated data files, redo files, DB creation time and current log sequence number. Without control file database cannot be started and can hamper data recovery.

Oracle use TABLESPACE for logical data STORAGE. Physically, data will get stored in Datafiles. Datafiles will be connected to tablespace. A tablespace can have multiple datafiles. A tablespace can have objects from different SCHEMA's and a schema can have multiple tablespace's. Database creates "SYSTEM tablespace" by DEFAULT during database CREATION. It contains read only data dictionary tables which contains the information about the database. 

Oracle use Tablespace for logical data Storage. Physically, data will get stored in Datafiles. Datafiles will be connected to tablespace. A tablespace can have multiple datafiles. A tablespace can have objects from different schema's and a schema can have multiple tablespace's. Database creates "SYSTEM tablespace" by default during database creation. It contains read only data dictionary tables which contains the information about the database. 

It contains

• Datafiles
• CONTROL Files
• Redo Log Files
• Archive Log Files
• PARAMETER Files
• Alert and Trace Log Files
• Backup Files

It contains

• An instance has started on the database server.
• A client established a connection to the server, using the proper Oracle Net SERVICES driver.
• The server creates a dedicated server PROCESS on behalf of the user process.
• The user executes SQL statement and commits the transaction.
• The server process receives the statement and CHECKS for any shared SQL area that contains a similar SQL.
• The server process retrieves data from datafile (table) or SGA.
• The server process modifies data in the SGA area. The DBWn process writes modified BLOCKS permanently to disk. The LGWR process records the transaction in the redo log file.
• The server process sends a message to the application.

There are SEVERAL tools for interfacing with the database using SQL:

• ORACLE SQL*PLUS and iSQL*Plus 
• Oracle FORMS, REPORTS, and Discoverer
• Oracle Enterprise Manager 
• Third-party tools

There are several tools for interfacing with the database using SQL:

When you START, the database INSTANCE comes into picture into system MEMORY. Combination of the SGA and the ORACLE processes is called an Oracle instance.

When you start, the database instance comes into picture into system memory. Combination of the SGA and the Oracle processes is called an Oracle instance.

When Oracle starts, it READS the INITIALIZATION parameter file to determine the VALUES of initialization PARAMETERS. After this, it allocates an SGA and creates background processes.

When Oracle starts, it reads the initialization parameter file to determine the values of initialization parameters. After this, it allocates an SGA and creates background processes.

The Grid Management feature of Oracle ENTERPRISE Manager 10g provides a single console to manage multiple SYSTEMS TOGETHER as a logical group.

The Grid Management feature of Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g provides a single console to manage multiple systems together as a logical group.

The Oracle Automatic Storage MANAGEMENT (ASM) is a feature of Oracle Database 10G which provides a virtual layer between the database and storage so that GROUP of disks can be treated as a SINGLE disk group and disks can be dynamically added or removed while keeping databases ONLINE.

The Oracle Automatic Storage Management (ASM) is a feature of Oracle Database 10g which provides a virtual layer between the database and storage so that group of disks can be treated as a single disk group and disks can be dynamically added or removed while keeping databases online.

Oracle Real APPLICATION Clusters 10g (RAC) enables a SINGLE database to RUN across multiple clustered nodes in a grid, pooling the processing resources of several standard machines.

Oracle Real Application Clusters 10g (RAC) enables a single database to run across multiple clustered nodes in a grid, pooling the processing resources of several standard machines.

The COMPUTING componenets of ORACLE grid are:

• Oracle Enterprise Manager and Grid Control
• Oracle 10G Database and Real APPLICATION Clusters.
• ASM Storage Grid.

The computing componenets of oracle grid are:

Large DEDICATED server:

• It has expensive costly COMPONENTS.
• High incremental costs.
• It has single point of FAILURE.
• Enterprise service at higher cost.

Oracle Grid:

• It has LOW cost modular components.
• Low incremental costs.
• It has no single point of failure.
• Enterprise service at low cost.

Large dedicated server:

Oracle Grid:

Grid computing is a information technology ARCHITECTURE that provides lower cost ENTERPRISE information systems. Using grid computing, INDEPENDENT hardware, and software components can be connected and rejoined on demand to MEET the changing needs of businesses. It also ENABLES the use of smaller individual hardware components.

Grid computing is a information technology architecture that provides lower cost enterprise information systems. Using grid computing, independent hardware, and software components can be connected and rejoined on demand to meet the changing needs of businesses. It also enables the use of smaller individual hardware components.

Oracle DATABASE is a relational database MANAGEMENT system (RDBMS) which is USED to STORE and retrieve the large amounts of data. Oracle Database had physical and logical STRUCTURES. Logical structures and physical structures are separated from each other

Oracle Database is a relational database management system (RDBMS) which is used to store and retrieve the large amounts of data. Oracle Database had physical and logical structures. Logical structures and physical structures are separated from each other