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The process of settling of colloidal particles through induced aggregation by the addition of some suitable electrolyte is known as coagulation. Three methods by which coagulation of lyophobic sols can be carried out are:
(i) Electrophoresis: During electrophoresis the colloidal particles move towards oppositely charged electrodes, get discharged and coagulated.
(ii) Boiling: On boiling a sol, the adsorbed layer is disturbed due to increased collision with the molecules of dispersion medium. This reduces the charge on the particles which ultimately settle down in the form of a precipitate.
(iii) Addition of Electrolytes: When excess of an electrolyte is added to a colloidal solution, the colloids interact with ions carrying charge opposite to that present on themselves. This causes neutralisation leading to their coagulation.

The colloidal particles bear similar electric charge and that is why they stay away from each other due to repulsion. If the charge is removed, they come together and are precipitated. The precipitation and settling down of the discharged particles is called coagulation or flocculation. The coagulation of a lyophobic sols can be done by mixing of two opposite charged sols or by addition of electrolyte.

(1) Surgical method
(2) Surgical method
(3) Oral pills
(4) Barrier method
(5) Barrier method
(6) Barrier method

The four characteristics of the image formed by the concave lens are : 

(i) Image will be in between lens and focus 

(ii) Erect 

(iii) Smaller than object 

(iv) Virtual image

(i) Due to the incomplete ionization of acetic acid (CH₃COOH). 

(ii) CH₃ – CH = CH₂ undergoes addition reaction because of double bonds. 

(iii) Sufficient supply of O₂ for complete combustion.

We should drink plenty of water, eat healthy food, perform regular exercises and do not take stress to avoid accumulation of harmful chemicals in our body. We should eat more vegetable especially cruciferous vegetables (such as broccoli, cauliflower, etc) than meat.

(i) When implantation has occurred in uterus of mother, the inner lining of the uterus thickens and is richly supplied with the blood vessels to provide nourishment to the growing embryo. 

(ii) If the egg is not fertilised, it lives for one day. Since, the thickened uterus lining is no more required, it slowly breaks down and comes out of the vagina as blood and mucous known as menstruation which lasts for about two to eight days.

(ii) Cracker

Reason Crackers are generally responsible for breaking into networks, cracking passwords in websites and programs and generally causing havoc through the Internet.

Starting position of mine shaft is 10 m above the ground but it moves in opposite direction so it travels the distance (–350) m below the ground.

So total distance covered by mine shaft = 10 m – (–350) m = 10 + 350 = 360 m

Now, time taken to cover a distance of 6 m by it = 1 minute So, time taken to cover a distance of 1 m by it = 1/6minute

Therefore, time taken to cover a distance of 360 m = 1/6 x  360 = 60 minutes = 1 hour 

(Since 60 minutes = 1 hour)

Thus, in one hour the mine shaft reaches –350 below the ground.

void HashDisplay()

{ 

if stream fin;

fin.open ("MATTER.TXT");

char ch;

while(!fin.eof())

{

fin.get(ch);

cout<<ch<<<"#";

} 

fin.close(); 

}

def countH():

f = open ("Para.txt", "r")

lines =0

l =f.readlines()

for i in l:

ifi[0]=='H':

lines+=1

print "no. of lines is",lines

(i)Yes, in ∠AOE, OC is common arm. 

(ii) No, they have no non-common arms on opposite side of common arm. 

(iii) Yes, they form linear pair. 

(iv) Yes, they are supplementary. 

(v) Yes, they are vertically opposite angles. 

(vi) Vertically opposite angles of ∠5 is ∠COB. 

Tao Ying bought two tickets to purchase self-esteem of her child and no mother can resist an opportunity to make her son happy. However poor, she would never have allowed herself to lose face in front of her own son. 

(a) Activated carbon or activated charcoal is an extremely porous carbon that has a very large surface area available for adsorption or chemical reactions. It is the most widely used adsorbent for preparing gas masks to selectively adsorb toxic gases.

(b) The coagulation will take place when FeCl₃ is added to NaOH solution. The Fe(OH)₃ gets coagulated by the oppositely charged particle Cl⁻ .

(c) Adsorption is always accompanied by evolution of heat, so according to Le Chatelier’s principle, the magnitude of adsorption should increase with a decrease in temperature. In chemisorption since it requires some activation energy, the magnitude of adsorption increases initially and then decreases with an increase in temperature.

Given that the decomposition of NH₃ is a zero-order reaction. Integrated form of the zero-order rate law is 

t = [A]₀ − [A] / k  ......(1)

Substituting [A]₀ = 0.1 M, [A] = 0.064 M and k = 4 x 10⁻³ Ms⁻¹ in Eq. (1), we get

t = 0.1 − 0.064 / 4x 10^-3

= 9s

Antiseptics: Antiseptics are the chemicals which prevent the growth of the harmful microorganism. They do not harm the living tissues. For example dettol.
Disinfectants: These are the chemicals which completely destroy the microorganism: They are toxic to living tissues. 1% solution of phenol is a disinfectant whereas 0.2% solution of phenol is antiseptic.

Micropropagation is the method of growing a number of plants through tissue culture. Since tissue culture involves only mitotic divisions, the plantlets formed are genetically identical and hence are called somaclones.

Wavelength 10^-2m belongs to microwaves. It is used in RADAR.

Wavelength 10²m belongs to radio-waves. This is used to broadcast radio programmes to long distances.

(a) On the basis of electrostatic screening, no electric field exists inside the charged conducting body. During lightening a shower of the charged particles falls on the earth. So it would be safer to sit inside the car. 

(b) Dr. Pathak knows the result of lightening during thunderstorm; so he displayed two actions; 

(i) Shows love, kindness and sympathy to the child. 

(ii) Keeping in view the safety of the child, he allow the boy to sit in the car till the thunderstorm stopped. 

(c) Parent meets Dr. Pathak; and express their gratitude and heart felt thank for providing the safety to the child from lightening and thunderstorm. 

(d) Many of us have read in the newspaper that the person either working in the field or in open space have lost their life during thunderstorm, so the persons belonging to villages must be given advices that they should remain inside the houses (or closed caves etc.) during thunderstorm.

(i) 5 * 7 = 35 

(ii) 20 * 16 = 80 

(iii) Prove * is commutative 

(iv) Prove * is associative 

(v) Identity of * in N = 1 

(vi) Only the element 1 in N is invertible for the operation * because 1 * 1 = 1

Prove it is reflexive, prove it is symmetric, prove it is transitive. 

Because it is reflexive, symmetric and transitive, so it is an equivalence relation. 

Set of lines related to the line y = 2x + 4 is y = 2x + k where k is any real number.

Given: A ||gm ABCD in which P and Q are two points Q lying on the side DC and AD. 

To prove: ar(∆APB) = ar(∆BQC) 

Proof: Now ∆APB and ||gm ∆BCD have the same base AB and lie between the same parallels. [

AB || DC] 

ar(∆APB) = (1/2)ar(||gm ABCD) 

Similarly, ∆BQC and ||gm ABCD have the same base BC and lie between the same parallels (BC ||AD) 

ar(∆BQC) = (1/2)ar(||gm ABCD) …(2) 

From (1) & (2) 

ar(∆APB) = ar(∆BQC)

∠GED = 126° 

∠AGE = ∠GED = 126° [Alternate interior angles] 

∠AGE = 126°

∠GED = 126° 

∠GEF + ∠FED = 126° [∵∠FED = 90°] 

∠GEF + 90° = 126° 

∠GEF = 126° – 90° = 36° 

∠GEF = 36° 

∠GEC + ∠GED = 180° (Linear pair) 

∠GEC + 126° = 180° 

∠GEC = 180°- 126° = 54° 

∠FGE = 54°

Every object in this universe attracts every other object with a force which is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of distance between them. This force is along the line joining the centres of the two objects.
F = G.\(\frac { Mm }{ { d }^{ 2 } } \)
Where F = Force; Mm = Product of two masses
d = Distance between the centres of two objects
G = Universal Gravitation constant = 6.67 × 10^-11 Nm² kg^-2
Phenomena which were explained on the basis of universal law of Gravitation:

• The force that binds us to the earth.
• The motion of moon around the earth.
• The motion of planets around the sun.
• The formation of tides due to the moon and the sun.

Deficit in the BOP occurs when autonomous foreign exchange receipts fall short of autonomous foreign exchange payments. Autonomous transactions are those which are not influenced by other transactions in the BOP.

Foreign exchange rate is that rate at which currency of one country is exchanged with the currency of other country for example: Rs.60 is equal to 1 $ = 1/60 dollar.

Increasing import duty on gold will make imports of gold costly. It will reduce demand for import of gold and consequently of foreign exchange. Supply of foreign exchange remaining unchanged, price of foreign exchange is likely to fall.

When price of foreign currency rises it makes exports cheaper. This leads to rise in demand for exports. As a result supply of foreign currency rises.

c) To ascertain true cost of products and services

 The nature of financial accounting is Historical

(A) 2.894 × 10⁵C

(B) The percentage of hydrogen in H₂O is 11.12.

2KMnO₄ \(\overset{heat}{\longrightarrow}\) K₂MnO₄ + MnO₂ + O₂

It is common, especially for start-ups, to have four formats as follows for the same business plan. 

(i) Elevator pitch: It is a three minute summary of the business plan's executive summary. This is often used as a teaser to awaken the interest of potential funders, customers, or strategic partners. 

(ii) A pitch deck with oral narrative : A hopeful, entertaining slide show and oral narrative that is meant to trigger discussion and interest of potential investors in reading the written presentation, i.e. the executive summary and a few key graphs showing financial trends and key decision making benchmark. 

(iii) A written presentation for external stakeholders: A detailed, well written, and pleasingly formatted plan targeted at external stakeholders. 

(iv) An internal operational plan: A detailed plan describing planning details that are needed by management but may not be of interest to external stakeholders.

Photosynthesis process is help of carbon and energy requirements of an autotrophic nutrition are fulfilled. In this process water and carbon dioxide are taken from outside and in the presence of chlorophyll and sunlight, these raw materials are converted into carbohydrates, which provides energy.

Acts as a substrate , provide energy (from the terminal two phosphates). 

Interferon (proteins) , secreted by virus infected cells (protect non - infected cells from further viral infection) 

Dengue, Chikunguniya // Yellow Fever / Eastern Equine Encephalitis / West Nile Fever / Zika / Zika Virus Disease 

Dengue fever and Chikungunya.

A wild variety of a plant may show different variations. Humans have selected some such variants and grown them for generations and during the course of time, they have become totally different species. 
For example, variants in wild cabbage were selected on the basis of certain features to generate different vegetables. 
(i) Short distances between leaves, led to formation of green leaf buds-the common cabbage. 
(ii) Arrested flower development has bred broccoli. 
(iii) The variant with sterile flowers has made the cauliflower. 
(iv) Variant with swollen leaf parts-kohlrabi. 
(v) Variant with larger leaves-kale.

Two methods of jButton component: getText ( ), setText ( )

Two properties of jButton component: Font, Labe

(i) int data type 

(ii) char data type

(i) Float

(ii) Char

Marks Unit is an invalid variable name because variable name does not allow spacing.

(a) of 

(b) as if 

(c) in 

(d) or