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An emulsion is a colloidal dispersion of one liquid in another liquid. For example, cod liver oil, milk etc.

The order of a reaction can be defined as the sum of the powers of the concentration terms as expressed in rate law.

It is essentially required for the action of enzymes because if enzymes do not get environment they are suitable with they either degrade or stop working which will affect the process completed as for the action of pepsin the pH of stomach is to be  acidic for action and for pancreatic juice and succus entericus it is mandatory to be alkaline.

Aluminium is quite reactive, when it is kept in air or oxygen for some time, the upper surface get converted into its oxide called aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃), which gets deposited as a thin coating on the surface of the metal. This aluminium oxide is passive which means that it is not reactive. Therefore, this metal is used for packing food articles which do not get spoiled in the foil.

A balanced chemical equation gives the identity of the reactants and the products as well as the accurate number of molecules or moles of each that are consumed or produced. Stoichiometry is a collective term for the quantitative relationships between the masses, the numbers of moles, and the numbers of particles (atoms, molecules, and ions) of the reactants and the products in a balanced chemical equation. 

A balanced chemical equation can provide the following information :

1. The reactants and products through their symbols and formulae.
2. The ratio of molecules of reactants and products.
3. As molecular masses are expressed in unified mass (u), the relative masses of reactants and products are known from the equation.
4. If the masses are expressed in grams then the equation also gives the molar ratios of reactants and products.

Applications of coordination compounds

1. Biological system : Chlorophyll for photosynthesis, Haemoglobin- O₂ Carrier, Vitamin B₁₂ etc.
2. Metallurgy : Extraction of Gold and Silver, Purification of Ni and Zr.

1. Enantiomers: The optical isomers which are non superimpossible mirror image of one another are known as enantiomers.
2. Chiral compounds: The molecule having atleast a chiral carbon and have non superimposable mirror image are known as chiral compounds. A molecule having a single asymmetric carbon atom is chiral is nature.

1. Anisotropic solid: Solids which have different arrangement of particles in different directions such as crystalline solids are anisotropic solids. In these solids, physical properties like refractive index are different when measured along different directions in a same solid.
2. Ferromagnetic solid: Solids which are attracted very strongly by a magnetic field are ferromagnetic solids e.g., iron, cobalt, nickel etc. Here, all domains (group of metal ions) orient in same direction of applied magnetic field to produce strong magnetic effect and this persist even when magnetic field is removed.

1. Since (n-1)d and ns orbitals takes part in bond formation due to their comparable energy, transition elements show variable oxidation states.
2. It is due to comparable energy of 5f, 6d and 7s orbital, any member of electron can participate to bond formation so actionoids show variable oxidation state.

Colligative property: Those properties of dilute solution of non volatile solute in volatile solvents which depend on the total number of solute particles in per unit volume are called colligative property e.g.

• Relative lowering of vapour pressure
• Elevation in boiling point.

(a) The metal detector works on the principle of resonance in ac circuit. 

(b) When Sunita's friend is passed through a metal detector, her friend in fact, passing through a coil of many turns. The coil is connected to a capacitor tuned so that the circuit is in resonance. When she walk through the metal in her pocket, the impedance of the circuit changes-resulting in significant change in current in the circuit. The change in current is detected and the electric circuitry causes a sound to be emitted as an alarm.

[CO(NH₃)₄(H₂O)₂]Cl₃

It is a solution which is used to reduce the pore size of a filter paper so that particles of dispersed phase cannot pass through it. For this purpose 4% nitro cellulose solution is used in a mixture of alcohol and ether.

Zero order reaction.

Diamminechloridomethanamine platinum(IV) chloride

Latex is a colloidal sol of rubber particles which is of negative charge. Rubber is obtained from it by coagulation.

Unbalanced bombardment of particles of dispersed phase by the molecules of dispersion medium causes “Brownian movement”. This help in stabilisation of solution.

Dicyanidodimethanaminedinitrosylchromium (III) chloride.

Potential energy of a charge q in an external electric field is defined as the work-done in bringing the charge q from infinity to a distance r in an external electric field produced by the other charge(s).

Unbalanced bombardment of particles of dispersion medium on dispersed phase causes brownian movement.

Net power, P = P₁ + P₂ = + 5 - 2.5 = +2.5D

∴ Focal length, F = 1/P = 1/2.5m = 0.4m =40cm

1. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding exist in primary amine which is not possible in tertiary amine hence primary amine has higher boiling point.
2. During this reaction HCl is formed which may revert the reaction hence just to get it neutralise base like pyridine or else is used.

A-Haploid ; B-Diploid

Different types of soils found in India are :

(i) Alluvial Soil: This is the most widespread soil in India. This soil is formed by the deposition of materials by the rivers namely the Indus, the Ganga, the Brahmaputra. It is mainly found in Northern Plains and the Eastern Coastal Plains. It is the most fertile soil. Due to high fertility they are intensively cultivated and are densely populated.

(ii) Black Soil: This soil is black in colour and cotton grows best in this soil. This soil is formed by the weathering of igneous rocks. It is-mainly confined to the north western part of Peninsular Plateau, Deccan lava plateau which includes the states of Maharashtra, Saurashtra, Malwa, MadhyaPradesh and Chhattisgarh.

(iii) Red and Yellow Soil: Red soil develops on crystalline Igneous rocks in areas of low rainfall in the Eastern and South Eastern parts of the Deccan plateau. This soil is rich in iron compounds and is reddish in colour due to diffusion while it is yellowish in colour when it occurs in hydrated form.

(iv) Laterite Soil: These soils are formed by intense leaching in tropical regions where both temperature and rainfall is high. This soil is devoid of nutrients and has low humus content and is not suitable for crop cultivation. It is mainly found in Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh and hilly areas of Orissa and Assam. Through soil conservation techniques, they are useful for growing tea and coffee.

(v) Arid Soils: These soils are sandy and saline in nature. They lack humus and moisture. They can be suitable for crop cultivation where irrigation is available. This soil is mainly found in Rajasthan.

Decomposition Reaction: It is a very simple type of chemical reaction in which  a single compound splits into two or more simple substances under suitable condition. It is just opposite of combination reaction.

Thermal decomposition: When a decomposition reaction is carried out by heating it is called thermal decomposition reaction.  

CaCO₃ (s) -----heat----> CaO(s) + CO₂(g)  

Electrolytic decomposition:   When a decomposition reaction is carried out with the help of electric current it is called electrolytic decomposition reaction. This process is also called electrolysis.  

2H₂O(l) -----electric current---> 2H₂(g) + O₂(g)

Difference in density Is the basis of Gravity Separation.

Gravity  seperation  depends  on specific  gravity  ( ratio of densities  of substance divided  by densities  of water) 

  So difference in  density  is the basis of gravity  seperation. 

Correct answer is (d) Gravity Separation

Explanation:

In case of ultrafiltration, it is particle size of micron sizes present in liquid or gas, or vapor or air which when allowed to pass .through ultrafiltration media of defined porosity in microns, are getting filtered and the fluid is getting clear off those particles.

Molecular sieving: permeability of molecular sieve membranes based on the size and shape of the molecules in 3 dimensions and also follows osmotic pressures of solutions closely calculated by Vant Hoffs Law.

Molecular Attraction: mainly exchange of cations to anions amongst given two molecules, usually in liquids in normal case.

At the beginning of the 21st century, the international community has witnessed the emergence of new centers of power, namely China, India, Brazil, Turkey, and Iran. It is natural to associate their rise with globalization and the entrance of new countries into stretches of rapid economic growth.

An electromagnet is a solenoid coil that attains magnetism due to flow of current. It works, on the principle of magnetic effect of current. 

(i) By suspending magnetised bar and identify its north and south poles. 

(ii) By finding the polarity of electromagnet using the property like poles repel.

P(Both cards are black) = ²⁶C₂/⁵²C₂ = 25/102

(B) the maximum number of electrons in a particular shell is 2n².

(B) The radius of an atomic nucleus is 10^-13cm.

(a) A Thing of Beauty ; John Keats

(b) To create a cooling covert/ to cool the area/ provide cooling shelter.

Detailed Answer :

(c) With a sprinkling of fair musk rose blooms/ due to the presence of musk roses blooming in the forest.

 (d) Alliteration/ Imagery.

ARTICLE

Format (Title and Writer’s Name)

Content

Expression

grammatical accuracy, appropriate words and spelling

coherence and relevance of ideas and style 

Heading: Common Man’s Woes during Monsoons

(Any other relevant title)

Problem:

- lack of preparedness

- problems faced by the poor

- spread diseases/ breeding of mosquitoes

- water logging - accidents/open manholes

- disruption in transport and connectivity

- food supply affected

- power breakdown

- need for accountability (any 4 points)

Detailed Answer : Article

The Common Man’s Woes During Monsoons -by Smita

Monsoons play an important role in our lives and they play a very crucial role in the life of farmers. Without monsoons the crops will not get sufficient water and hence, the agricultural sector will be badly hit. But for the common man, monsoon can become a serious menace at times. Especially since the recent floods in many metropolitan cities have revealed the lack of effort on the part of the authorities to solve the problem. The drains overflowed and laid bare the claims of the civic societies about their preparedness. They claimed to have cleaned the drains way before the monsoons had hit but the truth is that they failed miserably. The poor and the common man have to face the consequences of their irresponsibility. At times, car's engine stops working due to flooding of water on the roads. The civic societies responsible for monsoon preparation should be held responsible and punished for not carrying out their duties. Also, the government should take an initiative to vigil these societies, so that from the next season onwards, the problems are resolved and the common man gets some relief.

(a)  Google Drive

(b)  The internet of things OR Internet

(c)  Router

(d)  Band width

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A remixed song is not an intellectual property

SPEECH – Indiscipline in schools

Format - opening address , closing

Content

Expression

Grammatical accuracy, appropriate words and spelling

coherence and relevance of ideas and style

Suggested Value Points

- rising cases of aggressive behaviour of students

- kinds of bullying / disobedience / fights / insults / truancy/ violence

- damaging school property

- emotional trauma for the victims

Causes

- role of parents, peers and social media

- lack of teaching/ inculcating moral values

- not following role models Solutions - counselling by teachers

- family values

- moral science and values discussed in schools

- help each other

– students to take initiative

- reference to positive aspects of social life

- any other relevant point (any four points)

Good Morning respected teachers and my dear friends! 

 Today I am going to talk about something that is very important in a student’s life – discipline 

‘Discipline is the key to success’ - this saying stands true for all times and for all people of all age groups. But especially for students, it holds great value. In contemporary times there are so many temptations that can lure a student away from his basic objective in life.

All of us have witnessed the aggressive behaviour that the students portray towards others. Self-restraint is very important in life and all of us should work towards achieving it. We should respect our fellow students and not portray any kind of violence towards them. Self-restraint and discipline together can work wonders. They can help us achieve our goals in life. Aggressive behaviour has never helped anybody in life. Instead, it causes harm both to you and towards whom you portray your aggression. It robs you of your inner peace as you are constantly angry at someone or the other. Instead, if you tackle any situation peacefully, you can take better decision which you will not regret later. Hence, we can say that aggression leads us nowhere only makes our problems worse.

                             REPORT

Format –Title & By line (writer’s name) 

Content

Expression

grammatical accuracy, appropriate words and spelling

coherence and relevance of ideas and style

Title : Report on Science Symposium on Effect of Pollution on Quality of Life / Report on Science Symposium held at MMD School, Nashik

Suggested Value Points

- science symposium

- date, time, venue

- agenda / programme

- participants-number

- resource person(s) / speakers / guests and their views

- response of the audience

- any other relevant points

(any four points)

Note- past tense should be used

 Detailed Answer :

As all of you are aware our school organised a science symposium on the topic: ‘Effect of pollution on the quality of life’ on 1st March 2018. It was an enriching session for the students where they learned about the various hazards of pollution.

Pollution has greatly affected the health of our citizens. Each child was given the responsibility of a plant and was told to nurture it. The students also organised an awareness march. Many students came up with models on how to clean the rising levels of pollution.

The students had a wonderful time attending the symposium. Our Principal Ms Anjali Aggarwal thanked the students and teachers for their enthusiastic participation. 

She has committed a fraud

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DEBATE

Format - opening address with taking a stand for or against the topic with appropriate closure

 Content

Expression

Grammatical accuracy, appropriate words and spelling 

coherence and relevance of ideas and style

 Academic excellence is the only requirement for a successful career In Favour

- strengthens competencies and skills

- helps in clearer understanding of the subject, in-depth knowledge

- develops resourcefulness, decision making ability

- ensures better job opportunities

- ensures admission to higher centres of learning - prepares one for competitions

Against

- Academic Excellence :

 1. may not be sufficient to ensure success

2.  life skills are more important than academics

3. does not ensure all round personality / confidence / multitasking abilities / leadership qualities

- non formal learning leads to broader spectrum of careers

- new age careers don’t necessarily need academic excellence

- skills and talents can give more options (any other relevant points) (minimum two content points)

                               Debate

Detailed Answer :

Respected Chairperson, honorable judges and all present here,

I stand before you to express my views against the motion that ‘Academic excellence is the only requirement for a successful career’. Sourav Ganguly, Saina Nehwal, Zakir Hussain, Deepika Padukone, all of these are names that we all know. Are any of them related to the field of education? No! They have pursued their dreams in their respective fields and today they stand as role models for the youth. Education is not only about bookish knowledge. It is about the overall development of our personality. We study many subjects in our school. But do we excel in all of them? No! We excel in some of them. Similarly, the potential of the students, lies not only in excelling in their studies. Somebody can be an average student but may be an excellent dancer or an artist. We should not judge a child’s capability only on the basis of their marks. We should try to bring out the inner talent of the child and nurture it so that the child can do what she/he likes. 

The primary law is Information Technology Act 2000.

She should check whether it is a valid bank site or not by checking in the url https. It is always better to type the url and then login to the site. She should not click on the link provided in the email.