11513 + Interview Questions in CBSE IN GENERAL AWARENESS Page 120 InterviewSolution

5951.	Explain any two ways in which technology can help students with disabilities.
Answer» Different types of ICT tools assist people with learning disabilities to achieve positive outcomes. They are : Talking Word processors Screen Readers Conversion of local language to Braille Eye Tracking mouse

5951.

Explain any two ways in which technology can help students with disabilities.

Answer»

Different types of ICT tools assist people with learning disabilities to achieve positive outcomes.

They are :

Talking Word processors

Screen Readers

Conversion of local language to Braille

Eye Tracking mouse

Discussion

5952.	Explain the role of online social media campaigns, crowdsourcing and smart mobs in society.
Answer» Role of Social Media Campaigns:- A social media campaign should focus around a singular business goal, whether it's on Facebook or Instagram. Common goals for a social media campaigns include: Getting feedback from users. Building email marketing lists Increasing website traffic Crowdsourcing is the practice of engaging a ‘crowd’ or group for a common goal — often innovation, problem solving, or efficiency. It is powered by new technologies, social media and web 2.0. Crowdsourcing can take place on many different levels and across various industries. Smart mobs, so named because each person in the group uses technology to receive information on where to go and what to do. This ability to stay on top of current events makes smart mobs extremely effective

5952.

Explain the role of online social media campaigns, crowdsourcing and smart mobs in society.

Answer»

Role of Social Media Campaigns:-

A social media campaign should focus around a singular business goal, whether it's on Facebook or Instagram. Common goals for a social media campaigns include:

Getting feedback from users.
Building email marketing lists
Increasing website traffic

Crowdsourcing is the practice of engaging a ‘crowd’ or group for a common goal — often innovation, problem solving, or efficiency. It is powered by new technologies, social media and web 2.0. Crowdsourcing can take place on many different levels and across various industries.

Smart mobs, so named because each person in the group uses technology to receive information on where to go and what to do. This ability to stay on top of current events makes smart mobs extremely effective

Discussion

5953.	Ms Samtha has many electronics gadgets which are not usable due to outdated hardware and software. Help her to find any three best ways to dispose the used electronic gadgets.
Answer» 1. Give Your Electronic Waste to a Certified E-Waste Recycler 2. Donating Your Outdated Technology 3. Give Back to Your Electronic Companies and Drop Off Points.

5953.

Ms Samtha has many electronics gadgets which are not usable due to outdated hardware and software. Help her to find any three best ways to dispose the used electronic gadgets.

Answer»

1. Give Your Electronic Waste to a Certified E-Waste Recycler

2. Donating Your Outdated Technology

3. Give Back to Your Electronic Companies and Drop Off Points.

Discussion

5954.	What is a firewall?
Answer» A firewall is a program or hardware device that filters the information coming through an internet connection to a network or computer system. If incoming information does not pass the rules stored in the firewall, it is not allowed through.

Discussion

5955.	Which of the following are open standards? (a) .OGG (b) .DOC (c) .BMP (d) .ODF
Answer» (a) .OGG (d) .ODF

5955.

Which of the following are open standards? (a) .OGG (b) .DOC (c) .BMP (d) .ODF

Answer»

(a) .OGG

(d) .ODF

Discussion

5956.	What is a cookie?
Answer» Cookies are usually small text files to store information about a user on the user's own computer.

Discussion

5957.	Following is the code to count total number of characters from a text file. Fill in the blanks so that this code can work:<? php$file = _______(“data.txt”, “r”);$ch = 0;while(_______($file)){$letter= ________________________;$ch = ________________________;}echo “Number of characters:”, $ch;fclose($file);?>
Answer» <? Php $file = fopen(“data.txt”, “r”); $ch = 0; while(!feof($file)) { $letter=fgetc($file); $ch=$ch+1; } echo “Number of characters:”, $ch; fclose($file); ?>

5957.

Following is the code to count total number of characters from a text file. Fill in the blanks so that this code can work:<? php$file = ___(“data.txt”, “r”);$ch = 0;while(_($file)){$letter= ;$ch = __;}echo “Number of characters:”, $ch;fclose($file);?>

Answer»

<? Php

$file = fopen(“data.txt”, “r”);

$ch = 0;

while(!feof($file))

{

$letter=fgetc($file);

$ch=$ch+1;

}

echo “Number of characters:”, $ch;

fclose($file);

?>

Discussion

5958.

Differentiate between GET and POST method of sending data.

Answer»

GET Method	POST Method
Appends form-data into the URL in name/value pairs	Appends form-data inside the body of the HTTP request (data is not shown is in URL)
The length of a URL is limited (about 3000 characters)	It has no size limitations
GET is better for non-secure data, like query strings in Google	POST suitable for sending sensitive data
Useful for form submissions where a user want to bookmark the result	Form submissions with POST cannot be bookmarked

Discussion

5959.	Which of the following are open standards?(a) .OGG (b) .DOC (c) .BMP (d) .ODF
Answer» Open standards are .OGG .ODF

5959.

Which of the following are open standards?(a) .OGG (b) .DOC (c) .BMP (d) .ODF

Answer»

Open standards are

.OGG

.ODF

Discussion

5960.	Following is the code to count no. of vowels from a text file. Fill in the blanks so that this code can work:<? php$f = _______(“exam.txt”, “r”);$vowel = 0;while(_______($f)){$ch = _______($f);$ch = strtolower($ch);if($ch == ‘a’ \|\|$ch == ‘e’\|\|$ch == ‘i’ \|\|$ch == ‘o’ \|\|$ch == ‘u’ )$vowel = $vowel +1;}echo “Number of vowels:” . $vowel . “<br>”;__________($f);?>
Answer» <? php $f = fopen(“exam.txt”, “r”); $vowel = 0; while(!feof($f)) { $ch = fgetc($f); $ch = strtolower($ch); if($ch == ‘a’ \|\|$ch = =‘e’\|\|$ch = =‘i’ \|\|$ch = =‘o’ \|\|$ch = =‘u’ ) $vowel = $vowel +1; } echo “Number of vowels:” . $vowel . “<br>”; fclose($f); ?>

5960.

Following is the code to count no. of vowels from a text file. Fill in the blanks so that this code can work:<? php$f = ___(“exam.txt”, “r”);$vowel = 0;while(_($f)){$ch = _($f);$ch = strtolower($ch);if($ch == ‘a’ ||$ch == ‘e’||$ch == ‘i’ ||$ch == ‘o’ ||$ch == ‘u’ )$vowel = $vowel +1;}echo “Number of vowels:” . $vowel . “<br>”;______($f);?>

Answer»

<? php

$f = fopen(“exam.txt”, “r”);

$vowel = 0;

while(!feof($f))

{

$ch = fgetc($f);

$ch = strtolower($ch);

if($ch == ‘a’ ||$ch = =‘e’||$ch = =‘i’ ||$ch = =‘o’ ||$ch = =‘u’ )

$vowel = $vowel +1;

}

echo “Number of vowels:” . $vowel . “<br>”;

fclose($f);

?>

Discussion

5961.	Abhay scanned a few photos but some of the scanned photos did not look colourful enough. How can he improve their tonal range?
Answer» If some of the scanned photos do not look colourful enough, we can easily improve their tonal range with the “Auto” button in the Levels tool

Discussion

5962.	Rewrite the following code after removing errors with each correction underlined.<?sum=30;do while (sum>=20)sum=sum-5;echo sum;?>
Answer» <? php $sum=30; do { $sum=$sum-5; } while ($sum>=20) echo $sum; ?>

5962.

Rewrite the following code after removing errors with each correction underlined.<?sum=30;do while (sum>=20)sum=sum-5;echo sum;?>

Answer»

<? php

$sum=30;

do

{

$sum=$sum-5;

} while ($sum>=20)

echo $sum;

?>

Discussion

5963.	What is the purpose of using Layers?
Answer» Layers allows us to work with one element of an image without disturbing the others. Layer provides a variety of effects that change the appearance of the image.

Discussion

5964.	Rewrite the following code after removing errors with each correction underlined.<?value=5;while($value!= =0){$r_digit=$value%10;$value/=10;}ECHO $r_digit;?>
Answer» <?php $value=0; while($value!=0) { $r_digit=$value%10; $value/=10; } echo $r_digit; ?>

5964.

Rewrite the following code after removing errors with each correction underlined.<?value=5;while($value!= =0){$r_digit=$value%10;$value/=10;}ECHO $r_digit;?>

Answer»

<?php

$value=0;

while($value!=0)

{

$r_digit=$value%10;

$value/=10;

}

echo $r_digit;

?>

Discussion

5965.	What are Layers?
Answer» In GIMP terminology, each individual transparency is called a Layer. Layers are the transparent sheets one on top of the other. You can see through transparent areas of a layer to the layers below.

Discussion

5966.	Name the built-in functions to be used in the following situations:(i) To remove backslash from a string.(ii) To return number of days in a month for specified year.
Answer» (i) stripslashes() (ii) cal_days_in_month()

5966.

Name the built-in functions to be used in the following situations:(i) To remove backslash from a string.(ii) To return number of days in a month for specified year.

Answer»

(i) stripslashes()

(ii) cal_days_in_month()

Discussion

5967.	What is a cookie? Write the PHP code to set a cookie named “car” and value “BMW”. The cookie should expire after two days. Also Display the value stored in $_COOKIE.
Answer» A cookie is a small piece of data that the web server sends to a web browser so that the web server can keep track of user‟s activity on a particular website. When a user uses a computer to visit a website, the website stores some basic information about the visit on the hard disk of the computer. It records the user‟s preferences while using the site. This stored information is called a "cookie". <?php $cookie_name = "car"; $cookie_value = "BMW"; setcookie($cookie_name, $cookie_value, time() + (86400 * 2), "/"); // 86400 = 1 day ?> <html> <body> <?php if(!isset($_COOKIE[$cookie_name])) { echo "Cookie named '" . $cookie_name . "' is not set!"; } else { echo "Cookie '" . $cookie_name . "' is set!<br>"; echo "Value is: " . $_COOKIE[$cookie_name]; } ?> </body> </html>

5967.

What is a cookie? Write the PHP code to set a cookie named “car” and value “BMW”. The cookie should expire after two days. Also Display the value stored in $_COOKIE.

Answer»

A cookie is a small piece of data that the web server sends to a web browser so that the web server can keep track of user‟s activity on a particular website.

When a user uses a computer to visit a website, the website stores some basic information about the visit on the hard disk of the computer. It records the user‟s preferences while using the site. This stored information is called a "cookie".

<?php

$cookie_name = "car";

$cookie_value = "BMW";

setcookie($cookie_name, $cookie_value, time() + (86400 * 2), "/"); // 86400 = 1 day ?>

<html>

<body>

<?php

if(!isset($_COOKIE[$cookie_name])) {

echo "Cookie named '" . $cookie_name . "' is not set!";

} else {

echo "Cookie '" . $cookie_name . "' is set!<br>";

echo "Value is: " . $_COOKIE[$cookie_name];

}

?>

</body>

</html>

Discussion

5968.	Carefully observe the following labeled screenshot and answer the questions that follow:(a) Identify the form element labeled as 1 and 2? (b) Why has the form element labeled as 2 used to input the Address? (c) Write HTML code to create the form element labeled as 3.(d) Differentiate between the form element labeled 3 and the form element labeled 4.(e) How can any one item be highlighted in the Dropdown box labeled as 5?
Answer» (a) Form element labeled as 1 is a Textbox and Form element labeled as 2 is a Textarea. (b) Text areas are the fields that display multiple text lines at a time hence it has been used to accept Address which also contains multiple lines of text. (c) <input type="radio" name="Ltype" value="DND">Do Not Disturb <br> <input type="radio" name="Ltype" value="Vib"> VIBRATE <br> <input type="radio" name="Ltype" value="Act">Active<br> (d) Form element labeled as 3 is a Radio button .It enables the selection of one of the options out of the many. Whereas, Form element labeled as 4 is a Checkbox. As compared to radio button, a checkbox allows for multiple selections of items. To highlight one item in a dropdown box ,“selected” clause is used in the <Option selected> Eg: <select> <option>SINGAPORE</potion> <option selected>JAPAN </option> <option selected>MALAYSIA</option> </select>

5968.

Carefully observe the following labeled screenshot and answer the questions that follow:(a) Identify the form element labeled as 1 and 2? (b) Why has the form element labeled as 2 used to input the Address? (c) Write HTML code to create the form element labeled as 3.(d) Differentiate between the form element labeled 3 and the form element labeled 4.(e) How can any one item be highlighted in the Dropdown box labeled as 5?

Answer»

(a) Form element labeled as 1 is a Textbox and Form element labeled as 2 is a Textarea.

(b) Text areas are the fields that display multiple text lines at a time hence it has been used to accept Address which also contains multiple lines of text.

(c) <input type="radio" name="Ltype" value="DND">Do Not Disturb <br>

<input type="radio" name="Ltype" value="Vib"> VIBRATE <br>

<input type="radio" name="Ltype" value="Act">Active<br>

(d) Form element labeled as 3 is a Radio button .It enables the selection of one of the options out of the many.

Whereas, Form element labeled as 4 is a Checkbox. As compared to radio button, a checkbox allows for multiple selections of items.

To highlight one item in a dropdown box ,“selected” clause is used in the

Eg:

<option>SINGAPORE</potion>

<option selected>JAPAN </option>

<option selected>MALAYSIA</option>

</select>

Discussion

5969.	Explain the various values associated with “scrolling” attribute of FRAME tag.
Answer» The scrolling attribute of FRAME tag can take 3 values: Yes will insert both the scrolls irrespective of the size of the sub-window. Auto will insert the scrolls only when the contents of the sub-window are not visible. No will not insert any scrolls even when all the contents are not visible.

5969.

Explain the various values associated with “scrolling” attribute of FRAME tag.

Answer»

The scrolling attribute of FRAME tag can take 3 values:

Yes will insert both the scrolls irrespective of the size of the sub-window.

Auto will insert the scrolls only when the contents of the sub-window are not visible.

No will not insert any scrolls even when all the contents are not visible.

Discussion

5970.	Write HTML code to display the following table :Specifications:The title of the webpage is “Schedule”The Caption of the Table is Duty Chart.8 AM, 10 AM, 12 AM are Headings given to the table.
Answer» <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE> schedule </TITLE> </HEADE> <BODY> <TABLE Border =1> <CAPTION>Duty Chart</CAPTION> <TR> <TH>8 AM</TH> <TH>10 AM</TH> <TH>12 AM</TH> </TR> <TR> <TD> KEVIN</TD> <TD> KHUSHBOO</TD> <TD> AMARJEET</TD> </TR> </TABLE> </HTML>

5970.

Write HTML code to display the following table :Specifications:The title of the webpage is “Schedule”The Caption of the Table is Duty Chart.8 AM, 10 AM, 12 AM are Headings given to the table.

Answer»

<HTML>

<HEAD>

<TITLE>

schedule

</TITLE>

</HEADE>

<BODY>

<CAPTION>Duty Chart</CAPTION>

<TR>

</TR>

<TR>

<TD> KEVIN</TD>

<TD> KHUSHBOO</TD>

<TD> AMARJEET</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

</HTML>

Discussion

5971.	Observe the following code carefully and answer the questions that follow:Predict the output of the above code while explaining the effects applied on <Li> in the CSS code.
Answer» The output of the above code will be: The Dos and Don'ts of network security As per the output it is evident that the list elements specified as li have been displayed in Lower case due to : text-transform: lowercase; Also, there is a space of 10 pixels between each letter due to : letter-spacing : 10 px ;

5971.

Observe the following code carefully and answer the questions that follow:Predict the output of the above code while explaining the effects applied on <Li> in the CSS code.

Answer»

The output of the above code will be:

The Dos and Don'ts of network security

As per the output it is evident that the list elements specified as li have been displayed in Lower case due to :

text-transform: lowercase;

Also, there is a space of 10 pixels between each letter due to : letter-spacing : 10 px ;

Discussion

5972.	List any 3 items that can be created using DHTML.
Answer» DHTML can be used to create the following: Animation Pop-up menus Inclusion of Web page content from external data sources Elements that can be dragged and dropped within the Web page

5972.

List any 3 items that can be created using DHTML.

Answer»

DHTML can be used to create the following:

Animation
Pop-up menus
Inclusion of Web page content from external data sources
Elements that can be dragged and dropped within the Web page

Discussion

5973.

Body { background-image: url(“learn.gif”); background-repeat: repeat-x}In reference with the above CSS code, explain the usage of background-repeat property. Also mention the different values that can be used for background-repeat.

Answer»

With reference to the above CSS code the inserted background image learn.gif will repeat horizontally on the browser screen.

The four different values for background-repeat are as follows:

Value	Description
background-repeat: repeat-x :	The image is repeated horizontally.
background-repeat: repeat-y :	The image is repeated vertically.
background-repeat: repeat :	The image is repeated both horizontally and vertically
background-repeat: no-repeat :	The image is not repeated

Discussion

5974.	Define the ‘forbidden zone’ of an insulator.
Answer» The difference of energy between conduction band and valence band is called forbidden zone and for insulator its value is averaging between 3–6 eV.

Discussion

5975.	Mention two ways by which lyophilic colloids can be coagulated.
Answer» This can be done (i) by adding an electrolyte. (ii) by adding a suitable solvent.

Discussion

5976.	Mention all the oxidation states exhibited by chlorine in its compounds.
Answer» Cl₂ exhibits -1, +1, + 3, + 5, + 7 oxidation states in its compounds.

Discussion

5977.	‘Parturition is induced by a complex Neuro endocrine mechanism’. Justify
Answer» Parturition is a process where vigorous contraction of the uterus at the end of pregnancy causes expulsion/delivery of the foetus. The signals for parturition originate from the fully developed fetus and the placenta which induce mild uterine contractions called foetal ejection reflex. This triggers release of oxytocin from the maternal pituitary. Oxytocin acts on the uterine muscle and causes stronger uterine contractions, which in turn stimulates further secretion of oxytocin. The stimulatory reflex between the uterine contraction and oxytocin secretion continues resulting in stronger and stronger contractions. This leads to expulsion of the baby out of the uterus through the birth canal – parturition, after the infant is delivered; the placenta is also expelled out of the uterus.

5977.

‘Parturition is induced by a complex Neuro endocrine mechanism’. Justify

Answer»

Parturition is a process where vigorous contraction of the uterus at the end of pregnancy causes expulsion/delivery of the foetus.
The signals for parturition originate from the fully developed fetus and the placenta which induce mild uterine contractions called foetal ejection reflex.
This triggers release of oxytocin from the maternal pituitary. Oxytocin acts on the uterine muscle and causes stronger uterine contractions, which in turn stimulates further secretion of oxytocin.
The stimulatory reflex between the uterine contraction and oxytocin secretion continues resulting in stronger and stronger contractions.
This leads to expulsion of the baby out of the uterus through the birth canal – parturition, after the infant is delivered; the placenta is also expelled out of the uterus.

Discussion

5978.	Calculate the molality of ethanol solution in which the mole fraction of water is 0.88.
Answer» Mole fraction of water, X H₂O = 0.88 Mole fraction of ethanol, X C₂H₅OH = 1 - 0.88 = 0.12 X C₂H₅OH = n₂/n₁ + n₂ .......(1) n₂ = number of moles of ethanol. n₁ = number of moles of water. Molality of ethanol means the number of moles of ethanol present in 1000 g of water. n₁ = 1000/18 = 55.5 moles Substituting the value of n₁ in equation (1) n₂/55.5 + n₂ = 0.12 n₂ = 7.57 moles Molality of ethanol ( C₂H₅OH) = 7.57 m Alternatively, Mole fraction of water = 0.88 Mole fraction of ethanol = 1-0.88 = 0.12 Therefore 0.12 moles of ethanol are present in 0.88 moles of water. Mass of water = 0.88 x 18 =15.84 g of water. Molality = number of moles of solute (ethanol) present in 1000 g of solvent (water) = 12 x 1000 / 15.84 = 7.57 m Molality of ethanol ( C₂H₅OH) = 7.57 m

5978.

Calculate the molality of ethanol solution in which the mole fraction of water is 0.88.

Answer»

Mole fraction of water, X H₂O = 0.88

Mole fraction of ethanol, X C₂H₅OH = 1 - 0.88

= 0.12

X C₂H₅OH = n₂/n₁ + n₂ .......(1)

n₂ = number of moles of ethanol.

n₁ = number of moles of water. Molality of ethanol means the number of moles of ethanol present in 1000 g of water.

n₁ = 1000/18 = 55.5 moles

Substituting the value of n₁ in equation (1)

n₂/55.5 + n₂ = 0.12

n₂ = 7.57 moles

Molality of ethanol ( C₂H₅OH) = 7.57 m

Alternatively,

Mole fraction of water = 0.88

Mole fraction of ethanol = 1-0.88 = 0.12

Therefore 0.12 moles of ethanol are present in 0.88 moles of water.

Mass of water = 0.88 x 18 =15.84 g of water.

Molality = number of moles of solute (ethanol) present in 1000 g of

solvent (water)

= 12 x 1000 / 15.84

= 7.57 m

Molality of ethanol ( C₂H₅OH) = 7.57 m

Discussion

5979.	Explain the following giving an example in each case:(i) Linkage isomerism(ii) An outer orbital complex(iii) A bidentate ligand
Answer» (i) Linkage isomerism: The isomers which have same molecular formula but differ in the linkage of ligand atom to the central metal atom are called linkage isomers, e.g., [Co(NH₃ )₅ NO₂ ]Cl₂and [Co(NH₃)5ONO]Cl₂ Pentaamminenitrito–N–Cobalt (III) chloride pentaamminenitrito–O–Cobalt (III) chloride (ii) Outer orbital complex: When ns, np and nd orbitals are involved in hybridisation, outer orbital complex is formed, e.g., [CoF₆ ]^2- in which cobalt is sp³ d² hybridised. (iii) Bidentate ligand: When a ligand is bound to a metal ion through two donor atoms it is said to be bidentate ligand, e.g., H₂N—CH₂ —CH₂ —NH₂ (ethane–1, 2–diamine, C₂O^2-₄ (oxalate), etc.

5979.

Explain the following giving an example in each case:(i) Linkage isomerism(ii) An outer orbital complex(iii) A bidentate ligand

Answer»

(i) Linkage isomerism: The isomers which have same molecular formula but differ in the linkage of ligand atom to the central metal atom are called linkage isomers, e.g., [Co(NH₃ )₅ NO₂ ]Cl₂and [Co(NH₃)5ONO]Cl₂ Pentaamminenitrito–N–Cobalt (III) chloride pentaamminenitrito–O–Cobalt (III) chloride

(ii) Outer orbital complex: When ns, np and nd orbitals are involved in hybridisation, outer orbital complex is formed, e.g., [CoF₆ ]^2- in which cobalt is sp³ d² hybridised.

(iii) Bidentate ligand: When a ligand is bound to a metal ion through two donor atoms it is said to be bidentate ligand, e.g., H₂N—CH₂ —CH₂ —NH₂ (ethane–1, 2–diamine, C₂O^2-₄ (oxalate), etc.

Discussion

5980.	HCF of 144 and 198 is(a) 9 (b) 18 (c) 6 (d) 12
Answer» The correct option is (b) 18. 144 = 2⁴ × 3² 198 = 2 × 3² × 11 HCF = 2 × 3² = 18

5980.

HCF of 144 and 198 is(a) 9 (b) 18 (c) 6 (d) 12

Answer»

The correct option is (b) 18.

144 = 2⁴ × 3²

198 = 2 × 3² × 11

HCF = 2 × 3²

= 18

Discussion

5981.	Briefly explain sampling errors.
Answer» Error which occurs due to wrong selection of sample. Error which occurs if the sample is not a good representative. Incomplete Result.

Discussion

5982.	Briefly explain how statistics helps to study Economics.
Answer» Analysis of economic problems. Formulation of economic plans. National income accounting. To study the relationship between economic variables. (Explanation required) Detailed Answer : Role of statistics in economics: (a) Analysis of economic problems : An economist uses statistics to understand and analyse economic problems. (b) Applying cause and effect relationship : An economist uses statistics to establish cause-effect relationship between different sets of data. (c) Formulating economic theories : An economists formulates economic theories on the basis of results derived from cause-effect relationships. (d) Forecasting : An economist forecasts the behaviour of economy on the basis of results derived from past statistical data. (e) Formulating economic policies : The government formulates its economic policies on the basis of comparison of past statistical data with the present scenario. (f) National Income Accounting : The national income of the country is calculated on the basis of statistical data collected from all the producing units, households and expenditure sectors of the economy.

5982.

Briefly explain how statistics helps to study Economics.

Answer»

Analysis of economic problems.
Formulation of economic plans.
National income accounting.

To study the relationship between economic variables. (Explanation required)

Detailed Answer :

Role of statistics in economics:

(a) Analysis of economic problems : An economist uses statistics to understand and analyse economic problems.

(b) Applying cause and effect relationship : An economist uses statistics to establish cause-effect relationship between different sets of data.

(c) Formulating economic theories : An economists formulates economic theories on the basis of results derived from cause-effect relationships.

(d) Forecasting : An economist forecasts the behaviour of economy on the basis of results derived from past statistical data.

(e) Formulating economic policies : The government formulates its economic policies on the basis of comparison of past statistical data with the present scenario.

(f) National Income Accounting : The national income of the country is calculated on the basis of statistical data collected from all the producing units, households and expenditure sectors of the economy.

Discussion

5983.	How infrastructure facilities have been classified?
Answer» (a) Economic Infrastructure — Energy, Transport (b) Social Infrastructure — Education, Health and Housing.

5983.

How infrastructure facilities have been classified?

Answer»

(a) Economic Infrastructure — Energy, Transport

(b) Social Infrastructure — Education, Health and Housing.

Discussion

5984.	Who are self employed ? Give two examples.
Answer» People who start and own their own business to earn their livelihood. Ex- Petty shopkeepers. Cloth business.

5984.

Who are self employed ? Give two examples.

Answer»

People who start and own their own business to earn their livelihood.

Ex- Petty shopkeepers. Cloth business.

Discussion

5985.	What is unemployment according to NSSO?
Answer» NSSO defines unemployment as a situation in which all those who, owing to lack of work, are not working but either seek work through employment exchanges etc. Detailed Answer : NSSO defines unemployment as a situation in which all those who, owing to lack of work, are not working but either seek work through employment exchanges etc.

5985.

What is unemployment according to NSSO?

Answer»

NSSO defines unemployment as a situation in which all those who, owing to lack of work, are not working but either seek work through employment exchanges etc.

Detailed Answer :

NSSO defines unemployment as a situation in which all those who, owing to lack of work, are not working but either seek work through employment exchanges etc.

Discussion

5986.	What do you mean by disinvestment?
Answer» Selling a part of Govt. owned industry / shares to the private sector to cover the continuous loss faced by the Govt.

Discussion

5987.	Mention the benefits of organic forming.
Answer» Utilisation of local resources. Cheap method. Promotes good health. Environment friendly

Discussion

5988.	Name the institutional sources of rural credit.
Answer» (a) NABARD (b) Commercial Banks (c) Regional Rural Banks (d) Co-operative Credit Societies.

5988.

Name the institutional sources of rural credit.

Answer»

(a) NABARD

(b) Commercial Banks

(c) Regional Rural Banks

(d) Co-operative Credit Societies.

Discussion

5989.	What are the various forms of health expenditures?
Answer» Preventive medicine. Curative medicine. Social medicine.

Discussion

5990.	State the meaning of human capital.
Answer» Human capital refers to the skills, knowledge and experience possessed by an individual or a country.

Discussion

5991.	Who are the rural poor ? Give example.
Answer» Rural poor are those who live below poverty line in the rural areas e.g. : landless labourers, small land owners. Detailed Answer : Rural poor are those who live below poverty line in the rural areas. e.g. landless labourers, small land owners, etc. Majority of them are landless and lead a live of chronic indebtedness. They live in kuchcha huts. They cannot provide basic education to their children as due to poverty, their children are also forced to work.

5991.

Who are the rural poor ? Give example.

Answer»

Rural poor are those who live below poverty line in the rural areas e.g. : landless labourers, small land owners.

Detailed Answer :

Rural poor are those who live below poverty line in the rural areas. e.g. landless labourers, small land owners, etc. Majority of them are landless and lead a live of chronic indebtedness. They live in kuchcha huts. They cannot provide basic education to their children as due to poverty, their children are also forced to work.

Discussion

5992.	How can you obtain a frequency curve?
Answer» The frequency curve is obtained by drawing a smooth free hand curve passing through the points of the frequency polygon as closely as possible.

Discussion

5993.	Mention the two sources of data.
Answer» (a) Primary data (b) Secondary data. Detailed Answer : Primary Data : Data originally collected by an investigator for the first time for any statistical investigation Secondary Data : Data already collected and processed by some other person and subsequently used by another investigator

5993.

Mention the two sources of data.

Answer»

(a) Primary data

(b) Secondary data.

Detailed Answer :

Primary Data : Data originally collected by an investigator for the first time for any statistical investigation

Secondary Data : Data already collected and processed by some other person and subsequently used by another investigator

Discussion

5994.	List the features of poorest households.
Answer» Living in small huts. Difficulty to get even a square meal in a day. Deprived of education and skill. Undernourishment, ill-health, weakness.

Discussion

5995.	Give the formula to find out mid-point.
Answer» Mid point =(Upper class limit + Lower class limit)/2

Discussion

5996.	Give the meaning of sustainable development.
Answer» Sustainable development means meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising with the needs of the future generation.

Discussion

5997.	Mention the two sources of data.
Answer» (a) Primary data (b) Secondary data. Detailed Answer : Primary Data : Data originally collected by an investigator for the first time for any statistical investigation Secondary Data : Data already collected and processed by some other person and subsequently used by another investigator

5997.

Mention the two sources of data.

Answer»

(a) Primary data

(b) Secondary data.

Detailed Answer :

Primary Data : Data originally collected by an investigator for the first time for any statistical investigation

Secondary Data : Data already collected and processed by some other person and subsequently used by another investigator

Discussion

5998.	Name two famous personalities who played key role in development of traditional craft.
Answer» Smt. Kamla Devi Chattopadhyay and Shrimali Pupul Jayakar

Discussion

5999.	Give the meaning of sustainable development.
Answer» Sustainable development means meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising with the needs of the future generation.

Discussion

6000.

‘Indian Railway’ is a part of Railway Ministry. It is organized, financed and controlled by Railway Ministry. The finance are allocated from government treasury and whatever revenue it earns is deposited to government treasury only. It is treated as a part of government and” even the appointment, recruitment and selection of employees is done in the same way as that of civil servant. (a) Name the type of public sector enterprise railway is considered as. (b) What is the status of employees working in railways? (c) How does it get its finance? (d) What does it do with its revenue?

Answer»

(a) Departmental Undertakings

(b) Since the Indian Railway is a departmental undertaking, all its employees are Government servants. They are headed by IAS officers and civil servants. Their recruitment and conditions of service are the same as that of government employees.

(c) The funding of these enterprises comes directly from the government treasury. The funding is an appropriation from the budget of the government.

(d) The revenue earned by the Railways is also deposited into the treasury. Thus, its revenue is a source of income for the government.

Discussion

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