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i. Spyware 

ii. DNS Poisoning

The start attribute should be assigned a numeric value.

Correct code is:

<OL TYPE= “a” START=6>

HTML form on a web page allows a user to enter data that can be processed. 

<INPUT TYPE=”BUTTON” VALUE=“Click Me”>

The following steps have to be followed to animate the given scenario:

• Select frame 1 from the timeline.
• Create the blue coloured object given on the left hand side.
• Select frame 20 and insert a Keyframe.
• Reposition the object by dragging from left hand side to right hand side.
• Change the size and shape of the object using Free Transform tool.
• Change the colour of the object by using fill color from the toolbox.
• Click on anywhere between frame 1 and frame 20.
• Select shape tween from properties palette.

A layer is like a transparent sheet stacked on top of each other which may contains different scenes of a flash movie.

Advantage: - It is used to organise the artwork, photographs, text and animation in a single file.

Frame rate is used to set the speed of animation. If frame rate is low then animation will be slow otherwise it is fast. Frame rate is expressed in frames per second (FPS).

• Doctors can be trained by looking at a virtual surgery.
• They can simulate how human body is affected by diseases spread by viruses or bacteria.

Market segmentation – is the process of breaking down a larger market into smaller segments with specific characteristics. It helps to customize a product/ service and also evolve the advertising strategy to reach the target group. Target market segments are typically divided into (Process) – 

1. Geographic- based on the socio- economic structure of rural urban population is different and affects the purchasing power. 

2. Demographic – many factors affect the customers as individual like age, race, religion, gender, income level, family size, occupation, education level and marital status. 

3. Behavioristic – customers reason for purchasing a product can be varied and complex. It could be fascination with a product or identification with a brand or loyalty with an existing brand or it could be the cost etc. 

4. Psychographic - the desire for the felling of elevated status, enhanced appearance and feeling rich are some considerations. It applies specially to luxury items.

 Following are the possible areas of application of multimedia: Can be used as a great support in planning and executing any project; Can be used to explain or propose a concept; Using Multimedia while preparing a content for any topic makes the process more organized and precise. 

Online versions of newspapers are not a profitable enterprise in India - Access to the Internet is fairly widespread in the cities, though mainly via Cyber Cafes, schools,colleges and offices, though the cost of access at home is still unaffordable for most Indians. Home access to the net is limited to a small minority of the upper middle class in Tier 1 and Tier 2 cities. The situation in rural areas is far worse. Except for around five thousand e-choupals (Internet Kiosks), rural India is ill-served.

The analysis of newspaper content suggests two broad categories of newspaper format 

• Broadsheet Press (quality or serious press)…. Explanation with examples 
• Tabloid Press (Popular or sensational press)… Explanation with examples

Comparative advertising compares one brand directly or indirectly with one or more competing brands. This is very common and is used by nearly every major industry. This type of advertising is particularly resorted to by companies that are introducing a new product in a competitive market.

Lumiere-Realism, Documentary. Melies- Non-realism, Fantasy. 

A genre is standardization of certain situations, character types, settings and other such conventions. Each genre has its specificities and its own history. Comedy, Western, Gangster, Detective, Film Noir, Musical, Sci-fi etc.

Multimedia are the means to process and structure information into a well defined structure. Multimedia are called so because it incorporates many other media such as text, graphics, animation, audio and video.

a) Product-  He decided to name his product as ‘Dengularia Free’. 

b) Place-  He decided to sell this product through agents who will sell to both, the wholesalers and retailers depending upon the market to be catered. 

c) Promotion-  The product was to be packed in a corrugated box with an extension cord as free gift. Or A replacement warranty for one year will be given as an introductory offer.

d) Price-  Its price was fixed at Rs. 260 per unit.

Drawbacks

While there are benefits to going public, it also means additional obligations and reporting requirements such as:

a.  Increasing accountability to public shareholders

b.  Need to maintain dividend and profit growth trends

c.  Becoming more vulnerable to an unwelcome takeover 

d.  Need to observe and adhere strictly to the rules and regulations by governing bodies

e.  Increasing costs in complying with higher level of reporting requirements 

f.  Relinquishing some control of the company following the public offering

g.  Suffering a loss of privacy as a result of media interest 

Economic Ordering Quantity = √(2PD/C)

Thus as : annual demand (D) = 1000 bottles.

Order cost (P) = Rs. 100

Annual carrying cost of 1 unit (C/i) = 10% X 50= Rs.5

EOQ = √(2 x 1000 x 100/5

= 200 units.

Mise en scene [ pronounced 'meez-ahn-sen"] is a French term that literally means ' to put into scene' or ' staging an action'. This usually includes production design, set, location, actors and their movements, costumes, make up, sound, shot compositions and lighting..

Uses and gratification – given by Katz in 1960‟s and asked a different question „What do the audiences do with the media‟? It postulates that „media‟ is a highly available product and audiences use this product in the same way as they would use any other product or service. Consumers of the media product are active and they shop around, consider alternatives and make choices. 

Propaganda – it is considered to be the content that tries to portray „an ideology‟ as the best and other view points as being unacceptable or evil in nature. It is generally biased towards one agenda. Propaganda is usually of two types – Direct and Subtle propaganda.

Mise-en-Scene – is a French Term which literally means "to put into scene‟ or "staging an action‟. It signifies director‟s control over frames and individual shots. The term originated in the art of theatre in Europe.

FM – Frequency Modulation and AIR – All India Radio.

Audio Editing Software – Sound Free/ Sound Forge.

Script-Structure of a Soap-Opera – the plot of a soap opera has a few parallel tracks and sub-plots in the storyline which run simultaneously with the main story. This is usually done to provide bigger substance for the soap-opera. The flexibility of tracks and characters are intrinsic to the planning of a soap opera. The possibilities of mid- course correction are also a highlight. 

Various functions of advertising are – it introduces a new product into the market, it helps distinguish a product from its competitors, through persistent message and associations, it creates a brand identity, it sustains interest in an existing brand, it creates brand loyalty, it expands sales, it creates new demand, it creates a buzz and keeps the idea of the product going. 

The answer can be drawn from the following CPU- 

The CPU of a multimedia computer should be at least 486 with math coprocessor. The Pentium processor is more efficient and is usually referred in Multimedia. RAM of 16 MBs is minimally needed too, but a RAM of 32/64 MBs will make the process faster and more efficient. 

Monitor- A monitor is used to see the computer output. Generally, it displays 25 rows and 80 columns of text. The text or graphics in a monitor is created as a result of an arrangement of tiny dots, called pixels. Resolution is the amount of details the monitor can render.. 

Video grabbing card- To convert the analog video signal (VCR or video camera) to a digital signal, the computer requires special equipment called video grabbing card. 

Sound card- A computer can be used to compose music and for recognition of speech and synthesis. For this the computer needs to convert the conventional sound signals to digital signals. 

CD Rom Drive- CD Rom has become a massive storage capacity of data upto 680 megabytes. 

Transfer Rate- Transfer rate is the amount of data the drive can transfer at a sustained rate from the CD to the CPU. 

Scanner- Scanner is an external hardware equipment connected to the computer which converts photographs to digital format attached to the computer. 

Touchscreen- A touchscreen is used where the user is required to touch the surface of the screen or monitor.

Process of Adaptation – during the process of adaptation – 

(i) A new narrative is formed, 

(ii) The new narrative is formed in another medium, 

(iii) Script-writer and director is the new author of this narrative, 

(iv) Historical and cultural context of the original may change, 

(v) The new narrative is an interpretation of the original, 

(vi) Cinema is able to add new things as it can borrow liberally from other arts, 

(vii) Cinema is able to do so, as it is a recording medium. 

Multimedia is a means to process and structure information into a well-defined structure. Multimedia is called so because it incorporates many other media such as text, graphics, animation, audio and video. 

Students can explain the following hardware devices – CPU, Monitor, Scanner, Touchscreen, Video grabbing card, mouse etc.

Every campaign pitches itself at a level depending upon its purpose. If it is introducing a new product in a competitive market, then it will be an aggressive campaign, one that is aimed at catching everyone‟s attention by creating a buzz in the market about the new product. If it is an already well-established product then it may take less aggressive tone and may be will to seek to appeal in a familiar way to the customer. It will seek to renew the already established bond in an innovative way. The audio-visual strategy or the nature of the images and text will depend upon the „the pitch‟ that has been set.

The main technologies that facilitated the development of large-scale printing and distribution of print material were the printing press, the telegraph and the railways. The industrial revolution and the growth of capitalism, democracy and the public sphere provided the impetus and the support for rapid developments in the press.

Tabloid Press – casual approach, news mainly about celebrities gossip, more pictures less text, broad catchy headlines, conversational catchy language, shorter and thinner than broadsheet, deals with private lives of celebrities (yellow journalism). Eg – Mumbai Mirror 

Broadsheet Press – serious and important news, less pictures and more text, simple linear headlines, formal language, broader & longer than tabloid, expensive than tabloid, quality press. Eg – The Hindu. 

Berliner – is a little narrower and shorter than the broadsheet and slightly taller and wider than the tabloid. Like the broadsheet it connotes quality and serious journalism. It is popular in European and North American countries. Example – La Monde, The Guardian, Mint. 

Neo-Realism – a moment in art is always a product of historical conditions in different societies. It is seen that a certain set of beliefs or an ideology is shared between creative minds of the period. Every school of thought has its rise and fall. 

A moment call Neo-Realism emerged in Italy during World War II and the fall of fascism. Popular cinema in 1940s was completely divorced from real life. They presented super rich, luxurious lifestyle of characters that the audience could not relate to. Many of these films were full of curios like the white telephone on which characters were often seen chatting at length. To present the reality Neo-Realism brought authenticity of a documentary reality to stories, characters and situation. This authenticity was achieved through new means like casting non actors even in lead roles, casting stars in non-glamorous roles, shooting on actual locations, and by filming simple stories with simple characters. Prominent directors were – Luchino Visconti (The Earth Trembles) and Vittorio De Sica (Bicycle Thieves) 

Expressionism – „the reality of the inner world projected‟. German expressionism was a movement that ran parallel to the soviets in 1920‟s. But there mood and preoccupation were totally different. Germans were recovering from a shattering defeat in the World War I. The humiliation of Treat of Versallies added insult to the injury. Germany was being bled of its income and resources. The existential angst of those times was reflected in the films of that period. Most films dealt with realities that were nightmarish. Expressionism is a break from the reality with imagined landscape. Thus to move away from reality of the everyday life, filmmakers constructed a symbolic one. This movement got its name from the term expressionism that had existed in visual and dramatic arts. An expressionist does not see but has „Visions‟. Eg – Vincent Van Gogh (Netherlands), Edvard Munchi (Norway) etc.

Tabloid Journalism' is frequently termed 'yellow journalism' primarily because of its tendency to sensationalize and trivialise events, issues and people. Tabloid journalists are believed to indulge in 'Chequebook Journalism' which implies that the subjects of the news stories are bribed to sell their 'true confessions'. Such journalists are also believed to indulge in 'keyhole journalism' or 'sting journalism' in their attempts to probe the private sexual infidelities and peccadilloes of well-known people and public officials. Then there is 'Page 3' Journalism which focuses on the social lives of celebrities and film stars and sports heroes.

Analogue Signal- An analogue signal is any continuous signal. Varying quality of a signal represents changes in the process. Analogue is usually thought of in an electrical context; however, mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, and other systems may also convey analogue signals. 

Digital Signal- A digital system uses discrete (discontinuous) values. The information represented can be either discrete, such as numbers, letters or icons, or continuous, such as sounds, images, and other measurements of continuous systems. 

Jerome Brumer an eminent psychologist outlines 10 important characteristics of narrative in his book “The Narrative Construction of Reality” –Time, Particularity, Characters with quality, Story, Canonicity and breach, Referentiality, Genericness, Normativeness, Context Sensitivity and Negotiability and Narrative Accrual.

Jerome Bruner outlines ten important characteristics of Narrative and some can be stated in a simplified manner as follows

1. Time - Narratives take place over a period of time. 

2. Particularity: Narratives deal with particular events. 

3. Characters with qualities: The characters within Narratives have "beliefs, desires, theories, values, and so on". 

4. Story: Narratives are composed as a selected series of events that constitute a "story." 

5. Canonicity and breach: Stories are about some unusual happenings that "breaches" the canonical (i.e. normal) state.

(i) The working of optical fiber is based on total internal reflection. 

Statement: When a light ray goes from denser to rarer medium at an angle greater than critical angle, the ray is totally reflected in first (denser) medium. This phenomenon is called total internal reflection. 

(ii) Conditions: 

(a) Ray of light must go from denser medium to rarer medium. 

(b) Angle of incdience must be greater than critical angle (i.e.,i > C).

Celebrity endorsements can be very popular and build strong associations in the buyers. 

Merchandise- good, clothes bearing the logo or names or designs of the products are another popular way to advertise, but it will be limited to the class of buyers. Games (Mobile and computer) can be devised to promote the brand, but the reach is limited to mostly the young or tech savvy consumers. Covert advertising is presently a hot trend in promoting products and services. It embeds a product or brand in entertainment and media.

Molality of a solution does not change on changing the temperature of the solution while molarity does change.

Molality of a solution does not change on changing the temperature of the solution while molarity does change.

"Quota sampling is a method for selecting survey participants. In quota sampling, a population is first segmented into mutually exclusive sub-groups. Then judgment is used to select the subjects or units from each segment based on a specified proportion." {Rest of the answer is subjective}

• The “reward” was the escape of the enemy.
• Despite all moral dilemma, Dr. Sadao listens to his heart every time and takes the right decision and his wife Hana very gently follows him.
• At last the general forgets to keep his promise, which gives Sadao an opportunity to reconsider his decision.
• He gives the soldier a boat, food ,bottled water and quilts and asks him to wait for a Korean fishing boat to escape.
• Dr. Sadao searched the spot of black in the twilight sea that night to see if the man was still there but there was no light. Obviously the man had gone. 

• Everybody made fun of Roger Skunk 
• because he gave out a bad smell
• he was upset about this
• He met the old owl who advised him to go to the wizard
• which would help him and give him a pleasant smell

• Sophie was a girl given to imagination and day dreaming
• thought of having a boutique  
• Jansie was very much aware about their financial conditions and family background
• She knew that both were earmarked for the biscuit factory after passing school
• Sophie wanted to have a boutique
• She imagined herself to be like Mary Quant and would have the most amazing shop this city had ever seen
• But Jansie asked Sophie to be sensible because her dad would never allow it.
• She had another option of becoming actress along with her boutique.
• She also thought of becoming a fashion designer.
• But Jansie discouraged her because she knew that both were earmarked for the biscuit factory. 
• Both belonged to a lower middle class family and their families were not well off financially

(a) An Elementary School Classroom in a Slum; Stephen Spender.

(b) Refers to garbage dump, mound of industrial waste/ slum.

Detailed Answer :

‘Slag heaps’ refers to the badly nourished and very weak bodies of the children who live in poor conditions in slum. They are just like unwanted waste materials.

(c) Dark/bleak/dismal/hopeless/painted with fog/miserable.

Detailed Answer :

The poet thinks that these children have a dark and bleak future. There is no chance of any growth or progress. It is very difficult to say whether they will be able to fulfill their dreams or not.

 (d) Simile/Alliteration

Motor vehicles equipped with catalytic converter should use unleaded petrol because lead in the petrol inactivates the catalyst.

Carbon-dioxide and methane.

The Monarch butterfly is highly distasteful to its predator (birds) because of a special chemical present in its body. 

It acquires this chemical during its caterpillar stage by feeding on a poisonous weed.

The host that produces a foreign gene product is called competent host. The product is called recombinant protein.