Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

(a)  Disinvestment:

Privatisation of the public sector enterprises (PSEs) by selling off a part/whole of the equity to the general public or any private sector player is known as disinvestment.

(b) Import Substitution: The policy aimed at replacing or substituting imports with domestic production by protecting the domestic industries from foreign competition is known as Import Substitution.

(a) Outsourcing: Hiring of regular service from external sources, mostly from foreign countries, which was previously provided internally or from within the country is known as     outsourcing. 

(b) Quota : Quantitative restrictions on imports for the protection of the domestic firms from foreign competition. Under this quantity of goods which can be imported is specified by the state. 

• The bottle with glycerine would be heavier because its mass is greater than water. The density of the substance is directly proportional to the mass of the body.
• The density of glycerine is 1.26 g/cc and that of water is 1 g/cc.

• Iron sulphide is the product formed on mixing iron and sulphur.
• It reacts with dilute sulphuric acid to form hydrogen sulphide gas. It is a colourless gas with the smell of rotten eggs.

(i) Awakening 

(ii) Cooperation 

(iii) Eco-friendly

Power-sharing is a political arrangement in which different or opposing groups take part in the government together.

Two sets of reasons have been listed out which favours power sharing in two different manners like: Prudential reason and Moral reason.

(1) Prudential reasons :

(a) It helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups. Since social conflict often leads to violence and political instability.

(b) It is a good way to ensure the stability of political order.

(c) Imposing the will of majority, community over others may look like an attractive option in the short run, but in the long run it undermines the unity of the nation.

(ii) Moral reasons :

(a) Power sharing is the very spirit of democracy. A democratic rule involves sharing power with those affected by its exercise and who have to live with its effect.

(b) People have a right to be consulted on how they are to be governed.

(c) A legitimate government is one where citizens through participation, acquire a stake in the system.

(a) Solar cooker 

(b) Solar cell

(i) (a) Solar cooker (b) Solar cell
(ii) Two limitations : 
(a) Solar heating devices are useful only at certain times during the day.
(b) High cost and low efficiency of solar cell panels.

Reason: 

Alloys have high resistivity / high melting point / alloys do not oxidize (Or burn) readily at high temperatures.

He should move the lens towards the screen. As the distance of object increased, the image formed by a convex lens will be more close to the focus. 

(i) Pollination : The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma is called pollination.
The two types of pollination :
(a) Self pollination : When the pollen grains from stamens of a flower fall on the stigma of the same flower, then self pollination occurs.
(b) Cross pollination : When pollen grains from the stamens of a flower fall on the stigma of another flower, then cross pollination occurs.

A – Pollen grain 

B – Pollen tube 

C – Ovary 

D – Female gamete

(i) 2CH₃COOH + 2Na → 2CH₃COONa + H₂
                                       Sodium ethanoate
(ii) CH₃COOH + NaOH → CH₃COONa + H₂O
                                         Sodium ethanoate
(iii) CH₃COOH + C₂H₅OH → CH₃COOC₂H₅ + H₂O
                                               Ethyl acetate

(i) Carbon has 4 elements as its outmost shell and needs to gain or lose 4 electrons to attain noble gas configuration. Losing or gaming 4 electrons is not possible for energy consideration, hence it shares electrons to form the covalent bands 

(ii) The forces of attraction between the molecules are not very strong hence the carbon compounds generally have low melting and boiling points.

Two reasons for large number of carbon compounds 

(i) Catenation: Unique ability of carbon to form bonds with other atoms of carbon giving rise to long chains of different types of compounds 

(ii) Tetravalency: Since carbon has a valency of 4, it is capable of bonging with fair other atoms of carbon or atoms of the other elements such as Oxygen, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Sulphur, chlorine etc.

Thermite process :

• When highly reactive metals such as Sodium, Calcium, Aluminium etc., are used as reducing agents they displace metals of lower reactivity from the com-pound.
• These are exothermic reactions.
• The amount of heat evolved is so large that the metals produced in molten state.
• The reaction of iron oxide with aluminium is used to join railing of railway tracks or cracked machine parts. This reaction is known as the thermite reaction.

Applications of thermite reaction in daily life :

1. To join railings of railway tracks.
2. To join cracked machine parts.

Assumption : There is only one functional group that is ether.   

a. Not possible. Difference of position of ether group has no meaning as there are two different chains of carbon.  

b. Yes possible. Ethers are isomeric with alcohols.

CH₃-O-CH₃ and CH₃-CH₂-OH

c. Metamerism is possible.   

CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂- O-CH₃ and CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-O-CH₂-CH₃   

d. Not possible.

The catalytic reaction that depends upon the pore structure of the catalyst and the size of the reactant and product molecules is called shape-selective catalysis.

(a) [Co(NH₃)₆]₂ (SO)₃

(B) K₃ [ Cr(ox)₃]

In adiabatic process, no heat is absorbed by the system from the surroundings but work (w) is done on the system. 

For an adiabatic process dq =0 

The system has adiabatic wall.

According to Gauss's law, flux through a closed surface is given by,

\(\phi = \frac{q}{\in_o}\)

Here, q is the charge enclosed by the gaussian surface. 

That is, on increasing the radius of the gaussian surface, charge q remains unchanged.

So, flux through the gaussian surface will not be affected when its radius is increased. 

Magnetic susceptibility: It is defined as the intensity of magnetisation per unit magnetising field, 

i.e. z_m = M/H. It has no unit. 

Iron has positive susceptibility while copper has negative susceptibility. Negative susceptibility of a substance signifies that the substance will be repelled by a strong magnet or opposite feeble magnetism induced in the substance.

A reducing sugar is a sugar that has a free aldehyde or ketone that can act as a reducing agent.

So any sugar that contains a hemi-acetal will be a reducing sugar.

NO₂ contains odd number of valence electrons. It behaves as an odd electron molecule and therefore undergoes dimerisation to form stable N₂O₄ molecule with even number of electrons.

(i) Hard water contains calcium and magnesium salts. In hard water, soaps get precipitated as calcium and magnesium soaps which being insoluble stick to the clothes as gummy mass.
(ii) As synthetic detergents can be used in hard water as well as acidic solutions.

Side of the cube, a = 3√8 = 2 cm 

Now, the length l of cuboid = 4 cm 

breadth, b = 2 cm 

height, h = 2 cm 

Surface area of cuboid

= 2(l × b + b × h + h × l) 

= 2(4 × 2 + 2 × 2 + 2 × 4) 

= 2 × 20 = 40 cm²

By Euclid’s division algorithm, 

a = bq + r 

Take b = 4 

∴ Since 0 ≤ r < 4,r = 0, 1, 2, 3 

So, a = 4q, 4q + 1, 4q + 2, 4q + 3 

Clearly, a = 4q, 4q + 2 are even, as they are divisible by 2. Therefore 'a' cannot be 4q, 4q + 2 as a is odd. But 4q + 1, 4q + 3 are odd, as they are not divisible by 2. 

∴ Any positive odd integer is of the form (4q + 1) or (4q + 3).

Since 24.3213 has non terminating repeating decimal expansion. So its denominator has factor other than 2 or 5.

|adj A| = |A|^3–1 = 25

∴ |A.adj.A| = 5 × 25 = 125.

The point (a, b, c) from x-axis

√(b² + c²)

Let Δ = |(cos15º sin15º)(sin 75º cos75º)|

= cos15º cos75º – sin15º sin75º

= cos(15º + 75º) = cos90º = 0.

The Correct option is (a) 1/26

The Correct option is (b) 5² ×13

(i)   2⁶ = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 64

(ii)  9³ = 9 x 9 x 9 = 729

(iii) 11² = 11 x 11 = 121

(iv)  5⁴= 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 = 625

(a) a₁ = number of sticks used in figure 1 = 12 = 12 + 6 x 0

a₂ = number of sticks used in figure 2 = 18 = 12 + 6 x 1

a₃ = number of sticks used in figure 3 = 24 = 12 + 6 x 2

......................

a_n = number of sticks used in figure n = 12 + 6 x (n - 1)

b₁ = number of triangle used in figure 1 = 4

b₂ = number of triangle used in figure 2 = 6

b₃ = number of triangle used in figure 3 = 8

d = b₂ - b₁ = 6 - 4 = 2

\(\therefore\) b_n = b₁ + (n - 1)d

 = 4 + (n - 1)2

 = 2n + 2

A.P. for the number of triangles used in figure is 4, 6, 8... n^th term of A.P. is b_n = 2n + 2.

(b) 12, 18, 24, .... is A.P. for the number of matchstick used in figures.

d - a₂ - a₁ = 18 - 12 = 6

a_n = a + (n - 1)d

 = 12 + (n - 1)6

 = 6n + 6

Let a_n = 61

then 6n + 6 = 61

⇒ 6n = 61 - 6 = 56

⇒ n = 56/6 = 9.33

Hence, 10^th figure has 61 match sticks.

a. Bromoethane 

​b. Methanal 

c. 1- Hexene 

d. 3 - Hexene 

​e. Butanal 

f. Pentanol 

g. Pentane 

h. Butyne

Sustainable management of natural resources is necessary to sustain the resources for future generation and current basic needs of the population. Reuse is a better practice because it can be done at household level with no expense of energy. It does not cause pollution and is an ecofriendly practice.

(i) Environmental protection, reducing environmental pollution, concern for life.
(ii) Plastics are non-biodegradable. If they are eaten by animals they block their digestive system and if they get buried in soil it would become infertile.

(iii) (a) Totally avoid using plastics though personal action.
(b) Organise mass campaigns with the help of friends and family members.

Commensalism. 

If the female bee’s colour patterns change even slightly due to any reason during evolution, pollination success will be reduced unless the orchid flower co-evolves to maintain the resemblance of its petal to the female bee.

The xylem tissue transports water and minerals from the soil to the leaves 5. of a plant for photosynthesis. If xylem is removed, upward movement of water will stop leading to wilting of leaves and ultimately causes death of a plant.

Sugar provides energy for sustaining all life activities in yeasts. In water, it fails to reproduce because of inadequate energy in its cells.

Arranging the given data in ascending order, 32, 35, 36, 37, 38, 38, 38, 40, 42, 43, 43, 43, 45, 47, 50 

(i) Mode is the observation occurred the highest number of times. 

Therefore, Mode = 38 and 43 Median is the middle observation = 40 

(ii) Yes, there are 2 modes.

(i)Given, AB DE and BC is a transversal line and ∠ABC = 70° 

∵ ∠ ABC = ∠ DGC [Corresponding angles]

Therefore, ∠DGC = 70° ……….(i)

(ii) Given, BC EF and DE is a transversal line and ∠DGC = 70°

∵ ∠ DGC = ∠ DEF [Corresponding angles]

Therefore, ∠ DEF = 70° [From eq. (i)]

To remove blood stains from white cotton fabric Use cold water and salt .

Fatigue due to cycling is an example of physical fatigue.

Given set = {−1, 0, 1}

Subsets of given set = ϕ, {–1}, {0}, {1}, {–1, 0},

{0, 1}, {1, –1}, {–1, 0, 1}.

Here S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, TTH, THT, HTT, TTT}
(i) Favourable number of elementary events = 3          [HHT, HTH, THH]
∴ P (two heads) = 3/8
(ii) Favourable number of elementary events = 4 [HHH, HHT, HTH, THH]

∴ P (atleast two heads) =4/8=1/2

Fringe width is inversely proportional to the distance (d) between the sources. When coherent sources are placed very close, fringe width is very large and a single fringe may occupy the whole field of view and the pattern would not be detected.

Similarly, if the coherent sources are far apart, fringe with will be very small and the pattern cannot be detected.

The fringe width is inversely proportional to the distance between the sources. When coherent sources are placed very close, fringe width is very large and a single fringe may occupy the whole field of view and the pattern would not be detected. 

Similarly, if the coherent sources are far apart, fringe with will be very small and the pattern cannot be detected.