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Correct option: (2) Diffusion, drift

Explanation: 

The charge carriers, diffuse across the junction during the forward biasing of a p–n junction. During reverse biasing, the motion of charge carriers, is due to their drift.

Examples of pushing:

(i) Pushing a heavy block to displace it from its original position.

(ii) Pushing a trolley.

Examples of pulling:

(i) Drawing a bucket of water from a well.

(ii) Opening a drawer of a table.

The Primary Objective of Preparing “Cash Flow Statement” is to find out the Inflows and Outflows of Cash and Cash Equivalents from Operating, Investing and Financing Activities.

Cash Purchases Decreases assets

To construct: Δ DEF where DE = 5 cm, DF = 3 cm and m∠ EDF = 90 .

Steps of construction:

(a) Draw a line segment DF = 3 cm.

(b) At point D, draw an angle of 90 with the help of compass i.e., ∠ XDF = 90 .

(c) Taking D as centre, draw an arc of radius 5 cm, which cuts DX at the point E.

(d) Join EF.

It is the required right angled triangle DEF.

Circular area by the sprinkler = πr ² 

= 3.14 x 12 x 12

= 3.14 x 144 = 452.16 m²

Area of the circular flower garden = 314 m²

Since Area of circular flower garden is smaller than area by sprinkler. Therefore the sprinkler will water the entire garden.

x = 3-2√2

1/x = 1/3-2√ 2 x 3+2√2/3+2√2

1/x = 3+2√2 / 9 - 8

1/x = 3+2√2

x + 1/x = (3-2√2) + (3+2√2)

x + 1/x = 3 - 2√2 + 3 + 2√2

x + 1/x =   6

x + 1/x = 4 + 2

x + 1/x - 2 = 4

(√x - 1/√x)² = 4

√x - 1/√x  = √4

√x - 1/√x  =  ± 2

 Let : x = 5 + 2√6.   

Then : x = 3 + 2 + 2√((3)(2))   

∴ x = (√3)² + (√2)² + 2(√3)(√2) 

      = (√3 + √2)²   

∴ √x = √3 + √2 ................. (1)   

∴ 1/(√x) = 1/(√3 + √2) 

= 1/(√3 + √2) x (√3 - √2)/(√3 - √2)

= (√3 - √2)/ (3 - 2)

= √3 - √2 ........... (2)   

∴ (√x) + (1/√x) 

= √3 + √2 + √3 - √2

= 2√3

Answer given below:

https://bit.ly/2Vo62LF

• The most dynamic industries in Britain were cotton and metal. Cotton was the leading sector.
• With the expansion of railways in England and its colonies, the demand for iron and steel increased rapidly.
• The new industries could not easily displace traditional industries. Textiles was a dynamic sector, but a large portion of the output was produced outside factories, within domestic units.
• The pace of change in the traditional industries was not set by steam powered cotton or metal industries. Ordinary and small innovations were the basis of growth in many non- mechanised sectors such as food processing, building, pottery, glass work, etc.
• Technological changes occurred slowly. New technology was expensive and merchants and industrialists were cautious about using it. The machines often broke down and repair was costly. They were not as effective as their investors claimed.

INDIVIDUAL RESOURCES: 

• Resources which area owned by private individuals are known as Individual Resources.
• In villages there are people with land ownership but many are landless.

Example: House, Car etc.

NATIONAL RESOURCES: 

• All the resources which are under the control of state or government are known as national resources.
• Roads, canals, bridges are constructed on fields own by individuals.

For eg.: National parks, National Animal Sanctuaries etc.

Italy was formally united into a nation in 1861. The greatest problem in the unification of Italy was its fragmentation into several political units, each under a different authority. Italy, before its unification, was divided into seven states: Sardinia-Piedmont, ruled by an Italian princely house; Kingdom of the Two Sicilies; Papal state; Lombardy and Venetia, ruled by Austrians; Tuscany, Modena and Parma. Sardinia-Piedmont took the responsibility of uniting Italy under its ruler, King Victor Emmanuel II and Chief Minister Count Cavour. Italian states had to fight several wars against Austria, Spain and France to drive them out of Italy.

Role of Giuseppe Garibaldi: Garibaldi also formed armed volunteers. In 1860, they marched into South Italy and the Kingdoms of Two Sicilies and succeeded in driving out the Spanish rulers.

Political parties are necessary condition for a democracy because :

(i) If every elected representative is independent, then no one will make promise for any major policy changes. The government may be formed but its utility will remain always uncertain. Non-party based Panchayat election also create same problems.
The rise of political parties is directly linked to the emergence of representative democracies.

(ii) Without political parties, democracies cannot exist.

(iii) If we do not have political parties-in such a situation every candidate in elections will be independent.

(iv) No one will be able to make any promises to the people about any major policy changes.

(v) The government may be formed but its utility will remain uncertain.

(vi) Elected representatives will be accountable to their constituency for what they do in their locality.

(vii) But no one will be responsible for how the country will run.

(viii) The role of opposition party in a democracy necessitates the existence of political parties.

(ix) As societies become large and complex they also need some agencies to gather different views on various issues and to present these to the government, that's why political parties are needed.

(i) This sense of collective belonging came partly through the experience of united struggle and growing anger among people against the colonial government. 

(ii) But there were also a variety of cultural processes through which nationalism captured people's imagination- 

(a) The identity of the nation symbolised in a figure or image of Bharat Mata created through literature, songs/ paintings etc. 

(b) Movement to revive Indian folklore to enhance nationalist sentiments. 

(c) Role of icons and symbols in unifying people and inspiring in them a feeling of nationalism. 

(d) Creating a feeling of nationalism was through reinterpretation of history.

(a) The Textile Industry occupies unique position in the Indian economy, because it contributes significantly to industrial production (14 per cent), employment generation (35 million persons directly - the second largest after agriculture) and foreign exchange earnings (about 24.6 per cent). 

(b) It contributes 4 per cent towards GDP. It is the only industry in the country, which is self-reliant and complete the value chain i.e., from raw material to the highest value added products. 

(c) In the early years, the Cotton Textile Industry was concentrated in the cotton growing belt of Maharashtra and Gujarat. Availability of raw cotton, market, transport including accessible port, facilities, labour; moist climate, etc. contributed towards its localisation.

(d) This industry has close links with agriculture and provides a living to farmers, cotton boll pluckers and workers engaged in ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing, designing, packaging, tailoring and sewing. 

(e) This industry by creating demands supports many other industries, such as, chemicals and dyes, mill stores, packaging materials and engineering works.

Non-Cooperation Movement Spread in the Countryside

(i) Struggle of Peasants in Awadh-The Peasant's movement in Awadh was led by Baba Ramchandra. The peasants were against the high rents and a variety of other cesses, which were demanded by talukdars and landlords. The peasants demanded reduction of revenue, abolition of begar and social boycott of oppressive landlords.

The Awadh Kisan Sabha was set up in the villages. The peasant movement, however, developed in forms that the congress leadership was unhappy with. As the movement spread, the houses of talukdars and merchants were attacked, bazaars were looted and grain hoards were taken over.

(ii) Struggle of Tribal Communities-The tribals were prevented from entering the forests to graze cattle, or to collect fruits and firewood. The new forest laws were a threat to their livelihoods. The government forced them to do begar on road construction. 

Many rebels from the tribal areas became non-violent and often carried guerrilla warfare against the. British officials.

1. Caring nature, helpful
2. Tranquilizers
3. Most of the drugs taken in higher does may prove fatal and hence a doctor must be consulted before taking drugs.
4. Phenelzine or iproniazid

As the metal ‘M’ forms oxide M₂O₃, it is trivalent. Out of the metals listed, only Fe and Al are trivalent. M₂O₃ is not affected by water, so ‘M’ can be out of Fe or Al. Fe and Al both corrode easily. Out of Al and Fe, only Fe can form divalent chloride, so the element ‘M’ is Fe.

Potatoes have eyes like structure which are known as axillary buds. Hence, potato is a stem modification. Sweet potato, on the other hand, does not have eyes. This shows that it is a root modification.

Ciliated columnar epithelium is found in the inner lining of oviducts (fallopian tube). The beating of cilia helps in pushing the ovum in oviduct.

(a) Metaphase (Mitosis)

(b) Anaphase (Mitosis)

(c) Synapsis of Prophase I (Meiosis I)

(d) Pachytene of Prophase I (Meiosis I)

Euglenoids are more complex and advanced than the blue-green algae. It is because: 

(a) They are eukaryotic i.e. they have well defined nucleus. 

(b) They have membrane bound organelles such as nucleus with chromosomes enclosed in nuclear membrane, mitochondria, chloroplast (in photosynthetic protists only), Golgi bodies and endoplasmic reticulum.

(c) They have mitochondria as respiratory organelles.

Colours- bright colour palette

Fabrics-cambric, poplin, corduroys, light weight denim, jersey knits, polar fleece.

Pattern- gingham checks, stripes, polka dots and popular themes like cartoon characters.

(a) Fashion Show - Shows held in major fashion capitals around the world that form the main source of fashion forecasting.

(b) Petite- the clothing size for short slender women.

(c) Baggy trouser- A garment loose around the hips but narrow down at the bottoms.

Sales items does not come under the balance sheet

(a) Mark collar stand, back neck, front neck.

(b) Draw a curved line to join points.

(c) Square line at right angles.

(d) Draw a parallel line to neck edge. (Along with a relevant figure

Due to unreliability of cutting system.

Yes, liable for strict liability.

Strict liability torts do not care about the intention or carelessness of the defendant when the defendant caused the injury. The claimant does not have to establish any sort of or level of blame attributable to the defendant based on the intention or the degree of carelessness. Strict liability is available in a very limited context.

For example, where the defendant's animals may cause an injury to the claimant or where the defendant is involved in an unusually hazardous activity like blasting dynamite.

The general rule with respect to ultra-hazardous activity is that when the defendant carries out or keeps an unusually hazardous situation or activity on his or her building or involves in an activity that offers an inevitable danger of injury to the claimant or his or her property, the defendant could be responsible for the damage caused even if the defendant has exercised reasonable care to prevent the harm. 

In India, a related principle of Absolute Liability was introduced by the Supreme Court in the aftermath of the two instances of gas leaks from factories injuring many.

(c) Cellular Companies 

Correct option is (c) 20inch.

(a) Law of Inertia

(d) Vitamins

Correct option is (c) N(N-1)/2

Factors responsible for lack of popularity of mail order business in India

(1) Lack of personal contact 

(2) High promotion cost 

(3) No after sales service 

(4) No credit facilities 

(5) Delayed delivery 

(6) Possibility of abuse 

(7) High dependence on postal services 

(a) Advantage of Departmental Stores 

(i) Attract large number of customers: Departmental stores are generally located at central places which help them attract large number of customers

(ii) Convenience in buying everything: By Offering large variety of products under one roof, these stores provide convenience in buying to customers who do not have to run to different stores for their needs. 

(iii) Attractive Services: The stores are popular since they provide several services to customers such as credit facilities, rest rooms, restaurants, salons, etc. in their premises. 

(iv) Economy of large scale operations: Since they operate on a large scale, the benefits of economy of scale are available to them on purchases. 

(v) Promotion of sales: These stores can afford to spend large amounts on marketing and promotional services which helps in increasing sales. 

(b) Disadvantage of Departmental Stores 

(i) Lack of personal attention: Due to large scale of operations and large number of customers, it is difficult to provide personal attention to each of them. 

(ii) High Operating cost: Since these stores provide a lot of attract and additional services to customers, their operating costs become high. In turn they tend to increase the prices of goods, which may reduce their customer base. 

(iii) High possibility of loss: Due to high operating costs and large scale operations there is danger of running into losses. In case of sudden change in customer preferences, fashion, etc. they may have to hold clearance sales to clear stocks of old goods. 

(iv) Inconvenient location: Due to its central location, the purchase of goods which are needed at short notice, may be inconvenient.

Mrs Singh will consider the following points while planning a meal for her pregnant daughter-in-law

• For the healthy growth and development of the foetus the meal should have more than the normal calories, proteins, calcium, iron, Vitamin A and Vitamin C.
• The pregnant daughter-in-law should be given food with more fibre and water, as she may suffer from constipation.

(b) Nominal effective exchange rate

Total outcomes = 36 

Favourable outcomes {(2, 6), (3, 5), (4, 4), (5, 3), (6, 2)}

Number of favourable outcomes = 5

P(sum 8) = \(\frac{5}{36}\)

Phototropism is a directional growth which occurs in response to unidirectional exposure to light. Phototropic movement is generally caused by increased auxin on the dark side and lesser auxin on the illuminated side. Due to the presence of more auxin, the part of the plant stem in the dark grows faster, causing it to bend towards the source of light.

Mara — devoted watchman of the lake — son reported that the man was fishing in the lake — Mara rushed to the spot — took him to task — warned him — good and polite to the visitor — readily agreed to lay the channel and give water — invited him to his hut and offered food.

Detailed Answer : 

Mara treated the fisherman in a harsh way because he caused violence by catching fish in tank and he warned him not to repeat the same as it was the order by the king as well as by Goddess to look after the place peacefully without non-violence. But Mara spoke softly to the visitor and he becomes a solution to his problem by offering water for his fields. But he told that it should happen not according to his wish but according to the laws. Not only did he assured him but also offered food and shelter in his house as a guest. So, we can see that Mara used to behave differently according to the behaviour of the persons.

Babar Ali — a boy from a village — fortunate to go to school — no school in his village — children of his village deprived of primary education — parents couldn't afford books and uniform — children helped out their families — working as mechanics, day labourers, grass cutters, etc. Babar Ali wanted to change this scenario.

Detailed Answer : 

Ali was among the most fortunate kids of his village who could afford a formal education. He felt sad for the ones who could not afford it and knew that something had to be done about it. As there was no school in his village, children of his village were deprived of primary education. The children were a helping hand to their parents who used to work as mechanics, day labourers, grass cutters, etc. Their parents couldn't afford to buy books, uniforms, etc. if they attended school. Ali wanted to change the scenario. He liked playing school-school with his friends, and through this he saw that his friends enjoyed the way he taught them algebra. What started as a game for him proved to be an inspiration to start a school which would teach the underprivileged for free of cost, which was later recognized by West Bengal State Government.

Higher Efficiency; Low labour turnover; Better industrial locations; Low flotation cost; Wider higher generation of funds.

It is a recognizable sign, design or expression which distinguished products or services of a particular trade from the similar products or services of other traders.

It is a business which is owned, managed and controlled by the male members of a Joint Hindu Family.

• To ensure that there is a good market for the service 
• The rate of return on the investment is attractive 

The valency of an element is determined by the number of valence electrons present in the outermost shell of its atom. The number of electrons lost or gained (or shared) by one atom of an element to achieve the nearest inert gas electron configuration, gives us the valency of the element.

Secondary treatment of sewage is also called Biological treatment. During the sewage treatment : 

(i) Primary effluent is passed into large aeration tanks with constant mechanical agitation and air supply. 

(ii) Useful aerobic microbes grow rapidly and form flocs. 

(iii) Flocs are masses of bacteria and consume organic matter and thus reduce the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). 

(iv) When BOD of sewage has reduced, the effluent is passed into settling tank. 

(v) Here, the bacterial flocs settle and sediment is called activated sludge. 

(vi) A small part of the sludge is used as an inoculum in the aeration tank and the remaining part is passed into large tanks called anaerobic sludge digesters. 

(vii) In the digesters, heterotrophic microbes anaerobically digest bacteria and fungi in sludge producing mixture of gases such as methane, H₂S, CO₂ which forms the biogas

The restriction endonucleases are called molecular scissors, as they cut the DNA segments at particular locations, e.g., EcoRI cuts DNA between bases G and A only when sequence GAATTC is present in the DNA.