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There are actually innumerable advantages of e-Business, the most obvious one being the ease of doing business. 

Some of the major Benefits of e-business are as follows :

• Easy to Set Up: It is easy to set up an electronic business. You can set up an online business even by sitting at home if you have the required software, a device, and the internet.
• Cheaper than Traditional Business: Electronic business is much cheaper than traditional business. The cost taken to set up an e-business is much higher than the cost required to set up a traditional business. Also, the transaction cost is effectively less.
• No Geographical Boundaries: There are no geographical boundaries for e-business. Anyone can order anything from anywhere at any time. This is one of the benefits of e-business.
• Government Subsidies: Online businesses get benefits from the government as the government is trying to promote digitalization.
• Flexible Business Hours: Since the internet is always available. E-business breaks down the time barriers that location-based businesses encounter. As long as someone has an Internet connection, you may be able to reach and sell your product or service to these visitors to your business website.

Cooperative organisation is a society which has its objectives for the promotion of economic interest of its members in accordance with cooperative principles’. The Indian Cooperative Societies Act 1912. In other words, a society is a voluntary association of persons who join together with the motive of welfare of the members. 

The features of a cooperative society are listed below :

(a) Registeration: Cooperative societies are registered under the cooperative societies Act 1912. All the activites of the organisation are run according to the provision of this Act. After registeration a cooperative society acquires a seperate legal entity.

(b) Voluntary membership : It is a voluntary association of persons who are atlest 18 years of age and have a common interest. The membership of society is open to all irrespective of religion, caste and gender of person. A person can join and leave the cooperative society at any time according to their free will.

(c) Democratic management : In case of cooperative society one person, one vote is followed irrespective of number of shares held by him. So there is complete democratic setup in the management and all the decisions are taken by the members of the society on the basis of majority.

(d) Service motive : Main motive of a cooperative society is provide service to its members. Surplus if generated is distributed as dividend among members according to the bye laws of society. -

(e) Limited Liability : Liability of members is limited to the amount contributed by them as capital in society. Their personal assets can’t be used to pay off the debts of society.

Advantages of free-rein leadership are:

• A manager using this leadership style understands the needs of their team and understands the general spirit of their office. 
• This type of leadership can also help a team become more innovative and improve morale as a whole.

Disadvantages of free-rein leadership are:

• There are potential problems that have been uncovered with the laissez-faire style of leadership such as people not working together as a team and employees not working as hard as when they are being actively led by a manager.
• Subordinates move in different directions as there is lack of guidance.

The difference between displacement reaction double displacement reaction are as follows.

Factors affecting the safety of food at home are: 

1. Kitchen hygiene 

2. Personal hygiene 

3. Hygienic practices while cooking and serving food

Reasons of saving money are:- 

1. Raise the standard of living 

2. Achieving goals 

3. Further investment 

4. Meeting unforeseen expenses 

5. Old age security

Play influence physical development of a child in following ways:- 

1.Increases blood circulation 

 2. Improves digestion and metabolism 

 3. Increases height and weight 

 4.Makes a child taller and stronger 

 5.Helps the child to control his body

Paly influences mental development of a child: 

1. helps in enhancing observation skills. for example: while playing business game 

2. enhance thinking skills 

3. increase knowledge. for example: Quiz contents 

4. increase creativity. for example: Make believe play.

 Reasons of saving money are:- 

1. Raise the standard of living 

2. Achieving goals 

3. Further investment 

4. Meeting unforeseen expenses 

5. Old age security

Play influence physical development of a child in following ways:- 

(1) Increases blood circulation 

(2) Improves digestion and metabolism 

(3) Increases height and weight 

(4) Makes a child taller and stronger 

(5) Helps the child to control his body

Five food groups and major nutrients provided: 

1. Whole grain Cereals, millets and tubers: protein, fibers, Vit B complex, Iron, Calcium. 

2. Pulses and legumes: Proteins, B complex, vitamins & minerals. 

3. Milk and milk products, Eggs, Meat and Fish: Protein, Calcium, Vitamin A, Omega 

3 4. Vegetables and fruits: Iron, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Minerals, Fiber 

5. Oils, Fats, Nuts, sugar and jaggery: Fats, Fat soluble vitamins, Essential fatty acids.

Five cognitive operations of a 3-year-old child and 7-year-old child.

One photon emits one electron from metal surface. Therefore, the number of photo-electrons emitted is proportional to the intensity of incident beam.

One feature of monopolistic competition is that there is free entry and exit of firms.

A seller cannot influence the market price under perfect competition.

Hence, the correct answer is (a).

In an imperfectly competitive market, if the Total Revenue is maximum, Marginal Revenue will be zero.

In an imperfectly competitive market, if the Total Revenue is maximum, Marginal Revenue will be Zero. 

Total Cost of producing 5 units of output is ₹ 140

The correct answer is 

(i) Rs. 140 

Indeterminateness of Demand Curve: In an Oligopoly form of market no single firm can predict its prospective sales with perfection. This is because any given change in the price/output decision by a rival firm would initiate a series of actions, reactions and counter actions by others. Therefore there is no certain nature and position of demand curve under this form of market for a firm. 

(b) Government should be concerned with how to reduce unemployment.

The moment of inertia depends upon:

(a) the location of the axis of rotation and

(b) the distribution of mass inside the body

(c) Position and orientation of the axis of rotation 

The PPC is concave shaped because of increasing Marginal Rate of Transformation (MRT), that is, more and more units of one commodity are sacrificed to gain an additional unit of another commodity. MRT increase because it is assumed that no resource is equally efficient in the production of all goods. As the resource is transferred from one good to another, less and less efficient resource have to be employed. This raises the cost and the MRT.

A Production Possibility Curve (PPC) or Production Possibility Frontier (PPF) shows various combinations of the bundles of two goods that can be produced by taking resources available for production as given. There is an inverse relationship in quantity produced of both goods, i.e. more of one good can be produced only by reducing the amount produced of other good.

(b) Retirement pension

(a) Increase in production capacity

(d) GDP at market price.

(c) Consumption Goods

(c) Personal disposable Income

(c) When Net Indirect Taxes are zero

(a) GNPfc+NIT 

(a) Depreciation

(b) Personal Tax is 0

(d) Private Income 

(c) either positive or negative

(c) Compensation of employees

True: Personal disposable income can be disposed upon consumption and savings both.

False: Personal income includes personal taxes, but not corporate taxes.

False: Private income is a national concept. It also includes net factor income from abroad.

Error           Correction 

(a) in            on 

(b) has        had 

(c) feel        felt 

(d) was      were

The answer is (C) One people, one empire and one leader

Graphic designers frequently use both the types of digital images. There are tools to convert images on the papers into digital images. These devices are called scanners. Such digital images can be further modified or manipulated digitally. There are software programs to create, modify and manipulate digital images. Such programs are called digital image editors. There are digital image editors for two dimensional image processing as well as three dimensional image processing.

Novels played an important role in nation building during the British period. Glorifying the nation's past and incorporating characters from various classes were some of the ways in which novels helped in fostering a sense of national belonging among Indians. For example, Premchand's novels have powerful characters from all strata of society. They also have strong female characters, especially those belonging to the underprivileged class. Junking the conventional fascination for ancient history, his novels paint a positive picture of the present and the future. The main character of his novel 'Rangbhoomi' is a blind beggar from the so-called untouchable caste. In 'Godan', Premchand portrays the life of a much exploited, but still virtuous peasant couple. These novels of Premchand sought to foster the values of democracy and egalitarianism. In this way, novels played a pivotal role in the process of nation building in India. 

India kept a distance from the two superpowers – the US and the USSR. It advocated non-alignment as an ideal foreign policy approach.

It was an operation of United Nation against Iraq which was led by USA. It was to check the Iraqi operation of Kuwait.

The three features of Chandrakanta are:

• It is a novel based on peoples intersest Tilism, Magic, Mystic, Aiyyari.
• It is a romantic novel with romantic fantasy about two lovers who belong to rival kingdoms.
• This novel contains level to level fold up of stories which make it more interesting.

In 1970, Pakistan’s first general election produced a split verdict — Zulfikar Ali Bhutto’s party emerged a winner in West Pakistan, while the Awami League led by Sheikh Mujib- ur Rahman swept through East Pakistan.

The population of East Pakistan had voted to protest against years of being treated as second class citizens by the rulers based in West Pakistan. The Pakistani rulers were not willing to accept the democratic verdict, nor were they ready to accept the Awami League’s demand for a federation. 

In 1971, the Pakistani army arrested Sheikh Mujib-ur Rahman and unleashed a reign of terror on the people of East Pakistan. In response to this, the people started a struggle to liberate ‘Bangladesh’ from Pakistan. Throughout 1971, India had to bear the burden of about 80 lakh refugees who fled East Pakistan and took shelter in the neighbouring areas in India. India extended moral and material support to the freedom struggle in Bangladesh. Pakistan accused India of a conspiracy to break it up.

After months of diplomatic tension and military build-up, a full-scale war between India and Pakistan broke out in 1971, but with the support of the local population, the Indian army made rapid progress in East Pakistan. Within ten days the Indian army had srfrrounded Dhaka from three sides and the Pakistani army of about 90,000 had to surrender. With Bangladesh as an independent country, India declared a unilateral ceasefire. Later, the signing of the Shimla Agreement between Indira Gandhi and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in 1972 formalised the return of peace.

The Planning Commission was set up in 1950 by a simple resolution of the Government of India. The Commission has an advisory role and its recommendations become effective only when the Union Cabinet approved them. The resolution defined the scope of work of the Planning Commission.

K.N. Raj played an important role in India’s planned development. He drafted sections of the First Five Year Plan while Pt. Nehru, the first Prime Minster of India, presented this to the Parliament of India. The Plan addressed, mainly the agrarian sector including investment in dams and irrigation.

One of the basic aims of the First Five Year Plan was to raise the level of national income, which could be possible only if the people saved more money than they spent. As the basic level of spending was very low in the 1950s, it could not be reduced any more. So the planners sought to push savings up. That too was difficult as the total capital stock in the country was rather low compared to the total number of employable people. Nevertheless, people’s savings did rise in the first phase of the planned process until the end of the Third Five Year Plan in 1966. But the rise was not as spectacular as was expected at the beginning of the First Plan. Later, from the early 1960s till the early 1970s, the proportion of savings in the country actually dropped consistently.

Economic benefits : 

• It involves greater economic flows among various countries. 

• It has enhanced trade in commodities among countries. 

• The restrictions on the imports and movement of capital have also been reduced. 

• This has spread internet and computer related services across national boundaries. 

Technological benefits : 

Technical equipments as telephone, internet, telephone and microchip have contributed to globalisation by exchanging ideas, capitals and people to make convenient to move from one place to another at a fast pace to stimulate the process of globalisation. 

Political benefits : 

• The primary status remains unchallenged on the basis of political community. 

• To some extent developing countries have received a boost to become more powerful and strong.

Compromise and accommodation are the two essential policies to Save Planet Earth by the states but the states from North and South have different notions towards environmental issues: 

1. The Northern States (Developed) are concerned with Ozone depletion and global warming whereas Southern States (Developing) want to address the relationship between economic development and environmental management. 

2. The developed countries of the North want to discuss the environmental issues which stands equally responsible for ecological conservation. 

3. The developing countries of the South feel that much of the ecological degradation in the world is created by developed countries through their industrial projects. 

4. And if developed countries cause more environmental degradation they are supposed to take more responsibility on wards. 

5. The developing countries are under process of industrialization and they should be exempted from restrictions imposed on developed countries through various conventions like Kyoto Protocol etc. 

6. The special needs of developing countries must be taken into considerations in the process of development, application and interpretation of rules of International Environmental Law. 

All the above mentioned provisions were accepted in Earth Summit, 1992 while adopting common but differentiated responsibilities.