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My_book and helloworld. 

The Correct option is (d) Company 

(d) Debentures 

(d) Debit Note 

A retail store exclusively selling ‘ Ayurvedic medicines’ is a typical example of a Speciality Store. 

The Correct option is  (b) Buyer

(i) Cards of spade or an ace = 13 + 3 = 16 

Total no. of cards = 52 

P (spade or an ace) = 16/52 = 4/13 

(ii) Black kings = 2

P (a black king) = 2/52 =1/26

(iii) Jack or king = 4 + 4 = 8 

P (neither jack nor a king) = 1 - 8/52  = (52 - 8)/ 52 = 44/52 = 11/13

(iv) King or queen = 4 + 4 = 8 

P (either a king or a queen) = 8/52 = 2/13 

As 3, 10, 17... constitute terms of an A.P
a= 3
n = 13
d = 7
a_n = a + (n-1)d = 3 + 12 x 7 = 87
According to the question,
a_n = 87 + 84 = 171
3 + (n-1)7 = 171
(n-1)7 = 168
n-1 = 168/7
n = 24 +1 =25

25th term will be 84 more than 13th term
 

Let the nth term be 84 more than the 13th term.

Now a/q,

a=3, d = 10 - 3 = 7

So, 13th term= a + 12 d = 3 + 12 x 7 = 87

Then nth term = 84 + 87 = 171

171 = a + (n -1) d

171 = 3 + (n-1) x 7

(171 -3)/7+1 = n

168/7+1 = n

24+1 = 25 = n

Therefore 25th term of the ap will be 84 more than 13th term.

2/9 + 4√5 = a + b√5 

As per the rule in maths, the first term of left hand side will be equal to first term of right hand side (in this type of question) 

So, 2/9 = a and 4√5 = b√5 

2/9 = a and (√5 is common in both i.e 4√5 and b√5) 

So, it will get cancelled 

a = 2/9 and b = 4 

15x³y²z = 3 × 5 × x × x × x × y × y × z

25xy²z³ = 5 × 5 × x × y × y × z × z × z

The common factors are 5, x, y and z.

15x³y²z - 25xy²z³

= (3 × 5 × x × x × x × y × y × z) - (5 × 5 × x × y × y × z × z × z)

= 5 × x × y × y × z (3 × x × x  - 5 × z × z)

= 5xy²z (3x² - 5z²)

The particles of colloidal solution can be seen by Microscope.

Given : 3 + 5 + (-8) = 0. 

Then, 3³ + 5³ + (-8)³ = ? 

Using, identity... 

If a + b + c = 0, then a³ + b³ + c³ = 3abc 

Let a = 3, b = 5 and c = -8. 

Here, a + b + c = 3 + 5 + (-8) = 0. 

Then, a³ + b³ + c³ = 3abc

 = 3 x 3 x 5 x -8 

= 9 x -40 

= -360 

Take about 0.5 gm of starch in a china dish. Pour about 10 mL of distilled water. stir the contents with a glass tube continuously. Heat the water. In this way colloidal solution of starch in water is formed.

= \(7(√3 - 1) + 7(√3 + 1) \over(√3+1)(√3-1)\)

= \(7(√3 - 1 + √3 + 1)\over(3 - 1)\)

= \(7 \times 2√3 \over2\)

= \(14√3\over2\)

= \(7√3\)

(c) CuSO₄.5H₂O  

White colour of magnesium oxide formed due to the burning of magnesium ribbon in air.

(c) Combination reaction 

(a) A reddish brown layer of copper deposits on iron nails.

The reaction of iron with copper sulphate solution is an example of Displacement reaction.

Iron nails are placed in CuSO₄ solution and after 10 minutes, its blue colour disappears and it appears blue.

Copper sulphate colour is Blue.

Sculptural aspects of Sanchi Stupa . State the reasons for the survival of this Stupa.

 Sculpture 

i. Depiction of rural scene with thatched huts and trees. 

ii. The empty seat to indicate the meditation of the Buddha, and The Stupa was meant to represent the mahaparinibbana. 

iii. Another frequently used symbol was the wheel .it stood for the first sermon of the Buddha, delivered at Sarnath.. 

iv. The shalabhanjika motif suggests that many people who turned to Buddhism enriched it with their own preBuddhist and even non-Buddhist beliefs, practices and ideas.. 

v. Animals like elephants, horses, monkeys and cattle,Elephants were depicted to signify strength and wisdom.. 

vi. Maya, the mother of the Buddha, others identify her with a popular goddess, Gajalakshmi – literally, the goddess of good fortune 

vii. Any other relevant point

Sanchi’s preservation 

i. When Sanchi was “discovered” in 1818, three of its four gateways were still standing, the fourth was lying on the spot where it had fallen and the mound was in good condition. 

ii. Nineteenth-century Europeans like the French and English sought Shahjehan Begum’s permission to take away the eastern gateway, which was the best preserved, to be displayed in museums in France and England. But she refused. 

iii. The rulers of Bhopal, Shahjehan Begum and her successor Sultan Jehan Begum, provided money for the preservation of the ancient site. 

iv. She funded the museum that was built there as 

Awadh’s annexation 

i. The conquest happened in stages. 

ii. The Subsidiary Alliance had been imposed on Awadh in 1801. By the terms of this alliance the Nawab had to disband his military force, allowed the British to position their troops within the kingdom, and act in accordance with the advice of the British Resident. 

iii. Deprived of his armed forces, the Nawab became increasingly dependent on the British to maintain law and order within the kingdom. He could no longer assert control over the rebellious chiefs and taluqdars 

iv. Infact British acquired Awadh for producing indigo and cotton 

v. The region was ideally located to be developed into the principal market of Upper India and was expected to complete a process of territorial annexation 

vi. Dethroning of Wajid Ali Shah-On the plea that the region was being misgoverned and he was unpopular.

Buddha 

i. Siddhartha, as the Buddha was named at birth, was the son of a chief of the Sakya clan. 

ii. He had a sheltered upbringing within the palace, insulated from the harsh realities of life. 

iii. One day he persuaded his charioteer to take him into the city, he saw an old man, a sick man and a corpse. 

iv. He realised in that moment that the decay and destruction of the human body was inevitable. 

v. He left the palace and set out in search of his own truth. , he meditated for several days and finally attained enlightenment. 

vi. After this he came to be known as the Buddha or the Enlightened One. 

vii. For the rest of his life, he taught dhamma or the path of righteous living To be assessed as a whole 

The Buddha’s teachings have been reconstructed from stories, found mainly in the Sutta Pitaka. 

i. According to Buddhist philosophy, the world is transient (anicca) and constantly changing; it is also soulless (anatta) as there is nothing permanent or eternal in it. 

ii. Within this transient world, sorrow (dukkha) is intrinsic to human existence. 

iii. By following the path of moderation between severe penance and self-indulgence that human beings can come out of these worldly troubles. 

iv. The Buddha regarded the social world as the creation of humans rather than of divine origin. Therefore, he advised kings and gahapatis to be humane and ethical towards common people. 

v. Individual effort was expected to transform social relations. 

vi. The Buddha emphasized individual agency and righteous action as the means to escape from the cycle of rebirth and attain self-realisation. 

vii. Any other relevant point

Dalhousie’s policy towards Awadh 

i. He called Awadh as a cherry that will drop into their mouth one day 

ii. Subsidiary system was imposed on it 

iii. He wanted it due to its soil fertility and market 

iv. Followed the policy of territorial annexation 

v. Nawab Wazid Ali Shah was dethroned on the pretext of misgovernanace 

vi. Displaced and dispossessed taluqdars 

vii. Any other relevant point

Limitation Law of 1859 

i. It stated that the loan bonds signed between the moneylenders and ryots would have validity for only three years. 

ii. It was to check the accumulation of interest over time 

its impacts on the ryots 

i. Moneylenders forced the ryots to sign new bonds 

ii. Money lenders useda variety of other means to short change the ryots 

iii. Moneylenders refused to give receipts to ryots when they paid their loans 

IV. They entered fictitious figures 

Message of Jainismi. Entire world is animated: even stones, rocks and water have life. 

ii. Non-injury to living beings, especially to humans, animals, plants and insects 

iii. The principle of ahimsa, emphasized within Jainism, has left its mark on Indian thinking as a whole. 

iv. According to Jaina teachings, the cycle of birth and rebirth is shaped through karma. 

v. Asceticism and penance are required to free oneself from the cycle of karma. 

vi. This can be achieved only by renouncing the world 

vii. Monastic existence is a necessary condition of salvation. 

viii. Jaina monks and nuns took five vows: to abstain from killing, stealing and lying; to observe celibacy; and to abstain from possessing property 

ix. Any other relevant point

1. Gandhiji took many steps to restore communal harmony in the country after the turmoil of partition of the country.

2. Gandhiji was the follower of non-violence. He was convinced that it could change the heart of people.

3. Gandhiji moved from the villages of Nab Khali (West Bengal) then visited villages in Bihar. He visited to the slum areas in Delhi and Calculta.

4. Everywhere he visited, stopped Hindus and muslims from killing each other. He took heroic steps to stop communal violence. Gandhiji assured protection to all members of minority communities.

5. Gandhiji went to East Bengal in Oct 1946, Muslims were killing the minority Hindus where he persuaded the local muslims to quarantee safety of Hindus. He behaved as the mediator between the Hindus and the Muslims.

6. He developed mutual trust and confidence between the Hindus and the Muslims. He exorted – the people of Delhi on 28 Nov. 1947 to protect all the Muslims.

7. Gandhiji started his fast to bring a change of heart. Hindus, Sikhs and others observed fast along with Gandhiji. Its effect was very deepened. He strengthened Hindu-Muslim unity even sacrificed his life.

(i) 

i. He said real minorities are the masses of this country. 

ii. These people are so depressed and oppressed and suppressed t that they are not able to take advantage of the ordinary civil rights. 

iii. The tribal people are the real minorities that need protection and assurances of protection 

iv. Any other relevant point 

(ii) 

i. Merchants, moneylenders snatched their lands. 

ii. The merchants were able to turn the tribal people into veritable slaves. 

iii. They compelled them to sign various kinds of bonds, and make them hereditary bond-slaves. 

iv. Zamindars, malguzars all exploited them 

v. No elementary educational facilities were there.

(iii) 

i. By giving elementary education to the minorities 

ii. By giving legal protection 

iii. Special rights over their land 

iv Advantage of civil rights 

v By giving them proper work to earn their living.

The orbital splitting energies, Δ_t are not sufficiently large for forcing pairing of electrons in the tetrahedral coordination entity formation.

(i) Relation between refractive index (n) and critical angle (C) is

n = 1/sinC

(ii) Yes, critical angle depends on wavelength or colour of light; it increases with increase of wavelength being maximum for red and minimum for violet.

Yes, because of the production of displacement current between the plate of capacitor on account of changing electric field.

Current inside the capacitor

I_D = ε₀(dϕ_E/dt)

The principle of transformer is based upon the principle of mutual induction which states that due to continuous change in the current in the primary coil an emf gets induced across the secondary coil. At the power generating station, the step up transformers step up the output voltage which reduces the current through the cables and hence reduce resistive power loss. Then, at the consumer end, a step down transformer step down the voltage.

Hence, the large scale transmission of electric energy over long distances done with the use of transformers is taken place.

(a) The visible radiations and radiowaves can penetrate the earth's atmosphere but X-rays are absorbed by the atmosphere. 

(b) The ozone layer absorbs ultraviolet and other low wavelength radiations which are harmful to living cells of human bodies and plants; hence ozone layer is crucial for human survival.

Isotopes are various forms of an element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. Some elements, such as carbon, potassium, and uranium, have multiple naturally-occurring isotopes. Isotopes are defined first by their element and then by the sum of the protons and neutrons present.

• Carbon-12 (or ¹²C) contains six protons, six neutrons, and six electrons; therefore, it has a mass number of 12 amu (six protons and six neutrons).
• Carbon-14 (or ¹⁴C) contains six protons, eight neutrons, and six electrons; its atomic mass is 14 amu (six protons and eight neutrons).

While the mass of individual isotopes is different, their physical and chemical properties remain mostly unchanged.

Isotopes do differ in their stability. Carbon-12 (¹²C) is the most abundant of the carbon isotopes, accounting for 98.89% of carbon on Earth. Carbon-14 (¹⁴C) is unstable and only occurs in trace amounts. Unstable isotopes most commonly emit alpha particles (He²⁺) and electrons. Neutrons, protons, and positrons can also be emitted and electrons can be captured to attain a more stable atomic configuration (lower level of potential energy) through a process called radioactive decay. The new atoms created may be in a high energy state and emit gamma rays which lowers the energy but alone does not change the atom into another isotope. These atoms are called radioactive isotopes or radioisotopes.

(i) Towards the lens. 

(ii) Size decreases gradually. 

(iii) Nearly 30 cm from the lens. 

(iv) Intensity of the image gradually increases. 

(i) C₃H₆

(ii) C₅H₈

Petroleum is a kind of matter.

Rate may be defined as the decrease in the concentration of reactant per unit time or increase in the concentration of product per unit time.

Cotyledons store food.

In a power-deficient country, natural gas is a precious gift. 

(i) Natural gas can be used as a source of energy. It takes less time to build a power plant based on natural gas.

(ii) It can be used as an industrial raw material in petrochemical industry.

(iii) It can be used in building the fertilizer plants and thereby encouraging the use of fertilizers. It can boost agricultural production. 

(iv) Through easy transportation by means of pipelines, its utility is further increased.

(v) Use of compressed natural gas (CNG) for vehicles to replace liquid fuels is gaining wide popularity in the country.

Odisha - Jharkhand Belt: 

(i) In Odisha, high-grade haematite ore is found in Badampahar mines in the Mayurbhanj and Kendujhar district. In the adjoining Singhbhum district of Jharkhand; haematite iron ore is mined in Gua and Noamundi. 

(ii) This belt contains high-grade hematite orefound in Kendujhar and Mayurbhanj mines; exported via Paradweep Port. 

(iii) Badampahar mines in the Mayurbhanj and Kendujhar districts of Orissa have high-grade hematite ore. Additionally, hematite iron ore is mined in Gua and Noamundi in Singhbhum district of Jharkhand

(i) SOUL Administration Module: Introduction 

(ii) Grouping of users, based on policy 

(iii) Transactional rights over the systems 

(iv) Transaction level security to users 

(v) Various configuration settings, such as labels, e-mails, and other parameters related to software use 

(vi) Common master databases being used in modules. 

‘Value-added’ information services are those services which have an added value to the original, in order to make them more useful for the users. These are the services or products that are provided in a collated, refined and convenient form to make them readily usable by the users. These are different from services offered in routine manner and are treated as special. 

The main disadvantage of a value added information system or a service is its high cost of production and delivery, which may not be affordable to all users.

A keyword is simply a word that shows up somewhere in a record: it can be part of name, a subject, or a title, or appear in the table of contents. 

This is different from a subject search, which looks for the word only in the subject heading field.

Librarians select open source library automation software because of following advantages: 

 i. It is normally available free of cost; 

ii. One can download it with the help of its source code for any type of library usage 

iii. One is allowed to modify its source code for satisfying his/ her requirements.

In the manual library system, the library services are provided to the users without using computers as an intermediary. However, in the automated library system, the traditional library activities and library services are completely mechanized. 

Technical processing of library material is needed because of the following reasons:  

(i) to differentiate from the library material to non-library materials; 

(ii) to find out the physical condition of the newly acquired books; 

(iii) to place the books on the actual position on the shelves; 

(iv) to locate the books on the shelves.