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There are two ways of anaerobic breakdown of glucose. First step is breakdown of glucose molecule into pyruvate which takes place in cytoplasm. 

The anaerobic breakdown in bacteria is called fermentation. During fermentation pyruvate is broken down to ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide. 

When there is a lack of oxygen in our muscle cells pyruvate is broken down to lactic acid. 

Very less amount of energy is released in both the above cases

Arteries carry blood away from the heart while veins carry blood towards the heart. Arteries are thick walled while veins are thin walled. 

Valves are absent in arteries while valves are present in veins to ensure that blood flows in one direction only.

Median = 30 + \(\cfrac{(\frac{34+x}2-19)}{10}\times 10\)

34.5  = 30 + \(\frac{34 + x - 38}2\)

⇒ 34 + x - 38 = (34.5 - 30)2 = 9

⇒ x = 9 + 4 = 13

1.1; 

2.0; 

3.0.

(a) The temperature of the places marked on it is:  

(b) The temperature of the hottest place Bangalore = 22^oC The temperature of the coldest place Lahulspiti = –8^oC Difference = 22^oC – (–8^oC) = 22^oC + 8^oC = 30^oC 

(c) The temperature of Srinagar = –2^oC The temperature of Lahulspiti = –8^oC Difference = –2^oC + (–8^oC) = –2^oC –8^oC = 6^oC

(d) The temperature of Srinagar and Shimla = 5^oC + (–2^oC) = 5^oC –2^oC = 3^oC The temperature at Shimla = 5^oC Therefore, 3^oC < 5^oC Thus, temperature of Srinagar and Shimla taken together is less than the temperature at Shimla. Now, Temperature of Srinagar = – 2^oC Therefore, 3^oC > –2^oC No, it is not less than the temperature at Srinagar.

Perimeter of the floor of hall = 250 m …(1) 

Cost of painting the four walls = Rs 15000 … (2) 

Let h be the required height, l and b are length and breadth of the rectangular hall. 

∴ Area of four walls = A = 2(1 + b) x h = {2(1 + b) } x h = (Perimeter of the floor) x h 

A = 250 h m² 

Cost of painting of area 1 m² = Rs 10 

Total cost of painting 250 h m² = (250 h x 10) = 2500 h. 

2500 h = 15,000 

=> h = 15,000/2500 = 6m 

Hence the required height of the hall = 6m

Taking rows 

5 + (–1) + (–4) = 5 – 5 = 0

(–5) + (-2) + 7 = –7 + 7 = 0

 0 + 3 + (–3) = 3 – 3 = 0 

Taking columns 

5 + (–5) + 0 = 5 – 5 = 0 

(–1) + (–2) + 3 = –3 + 3 = 0

 (–4) + 7 + (–3) = 7 – 7 = 0 

Taking diagonals 

5 + (–2) + (–3) = 5 – 5 = 0

(–4) + (–2) + 0 = –6 

This box is not a magic square because all the sums are not equal.

(ii) 

Taking rows 

1 + (–10) + 0 = 1 – 10 = –9

 (–4) + (–3) + (–2) = –7 – 2 = –9

 (–6) + 4 + (–7) = –2 – 7 = –9

 Taking columns

 1 + (–4) + (–6) = 1 – 10 = –9

 (–10) + (–3) + 4 = –13 + 4 = –9 

0 + (–2) + (–7) = 0 – 9 = –9

 Taking diagonals

 1 + (–3) + (–7) = 1 – 10 = –9

 0 + (–3) + (–6) = –9

 This box is magic square because all the sums are equal.

T_n = 7 – 4n 

T₁ = 7 – 4(1) = 3 

T₂ = 7 – 4(2) = 7 – 8 = –1

Common difference = T₂ – T₁ 

= –1 – 3 

= –4

• Plane polarised light is a term used to describe the polarisation state of the source light used in polarising microscopes. 

• Polarised light is light that vibrates in a single direction due to its passage through a polariser. 

• In a polarising microscope the lower polariser is usually orientated so that light vibrates parallel to the E-W direction. 

• If the upper polariser (the analyser), is not inserted the view is said to be under plane polarised light, often abbreviated to PPL.

Yes, I agree to the statement.

Reasons : Difficulties faced under Barter system –

(i) Lack of double co-incidence of wants : Under Barter system, exchange is possible only when there is double co-incidence of wants. It means that both the parties' needs to coincide their wants. For example, if a person ‘A’ has shoes and is in need of wheat and a person ‘B’ has milk and is in need of rice, then in such a case, exchange between ‘A' and ‘B’ would not take place as both are not in need of each other’s goods.

(ii) Lack of common measure of value : In barter exchange, there was no common measure of value or unit of account. Hence, it was difficult to calculate the values of goods exchanged. For example, it was difficult to compare 2 kgs of onions with two litres of milk. At the same time, it was difficult to compare certain units of a commodity with any service.

(iii) Difficulty of storage of goods : In barter exchange, it was necessary to store goods for future consumption. But, the storage of highly perishable goods like fish, vegetables, milk, etc. was difficult. Also, there were space constraints.

(iv) Problem of indivisibility : Under barter system, making a fractional payment was difficult especially when certain commodities to be exchanged were indivisible in nature. For example, person ‘A’ has a bag of wheat which he intends to exchange for a cow with person ‘ B’. But suppose ‘B’ wanted only half a bag of wheat, then it would be difficult to offer half of the cow.

(v) Problem of making deferred payments : Deferred payments means payments to be made in future. When people used to borrow cattle, it was difficult to return the cattle in the same physical condition, after a few year. These difficulties of barter system led to the invention of money.

No, I disagree to the statement.

Overdraft facility is provided to current account holders.

Current account holders are generally companies, firms, businessmen, etc. Overdraft facility enables the current account holders to withdraw amount over and above their actual balance in the account. This facility helps the businessmen to serve transaction purpose or meet their working capital. Thus, overdraft facility is provided to current account holders.

Yes, I agree to this statement.

Reason : Central bank of India is Reserve Bank of India has the sole right of issuing notes or paper currency to the public RBI issues currency notes of all denomination except the one note. The one rupee note and coins of all denominations are issued by the Ministry of Finance of Govt. of India. However their distribution is undertaken by RBI. The central bank follow certain principles while issuing note. Earlier it was full backing in terms of gold, however, now it is based on Minimum Reserve System of note issue.

The RBI maintains a minimum reserve of  Rs. 200 crores, consisting of Rs. 115 crores in gold and the remaining Rs. 85 crores in govt. securities. 

(i) It ensures uniformity in note circulation, 

(ii) It builds up public faith in the currency system 

(iii)It enables government to control money supply through RBI 

Central Bank helps as “Lender of last resort”. It gives financial accommodation to the commercial bank a) By rediscounting its bills of exchange and promissory notes b) By providing loans against its securities. Thus it saves commercial banks from financial crisis. 

It increases the lending capacity of commercial banks. This adds to inflationary pressure in the economy. 

(a) Search cost, which is the cost of searching a person, to exchange goods and (b) Disutility of waiting, which means cost of equivalent to wastage of time period spent on finding out required person. 

Deposits with the banks are beneficial to the depositors as well as to the nation.

Benefits to the Depositors:

1. Banks accepts the deposits and pay interest to the depositor.
2. People’s money is safe with the banks.
3. People can withdraw the money as and when they require.

Benefits to the Nation:

1. Banks use money of the depositor to afford loans.
2. There is a huge demand for loans for various economic activities.
3. Banks mediate between those who have surplus funds and those who are in need of these funds. Thus it helps in the economic development of the nation.

Abundantly available fossil fuel in India is Coal: 

(1) Peat has low carbon and high moisture content and low heating capacity. 

(2) Lignite- is a low-grade brown coal which is soft with high moisture content. It is used for generating electricity. 

(3) Bituminous- is the most popular coal of commercial use. It has a special value for smelting iron in blast furnaces. 

(4) Anthracite- is the highest quality hard coal.

(i) Two functions have been used namely Exam() and Work()

(ii) Variable $A has global scope and variable $B has local scope.

When you use ++, what you're really saying is x = x + 1.

x++ means increment x after this line, and ++x mean increment x before this line.

If you write it in its own line, then there's no real difference. However, if you use this in a line with something else then it will matter.

Code:

x = 1;

y = x++;

Means:

x = 1;

y = x;

x = x + 1;

Results:

x = 2, y = 1

Code:

x = 1;

y = ++x;

Means:

x = 1;

x = x + 1;

y = x;

Results:

x = 2, y = 2

The output is:

15

5

Phishing is the process of trying to tempt the target to provide personal information which can be used to perform illegal actions.

Cyberspace is a ‘man made machine world’ reshaping itself periodically which is information driven.

A software copyright is a legal right that protects all source code, written text materials, graphic images/ designs, drawings, any linked sound, video files or films from its illegal use and distribution. 

i. SQL injection 

ii. cross-site scripting

Netizens are the inhabitants of the internet and use it as an extension of their physical world.

<html>

<head> <title> Handmade Cards </title>

</head> <body bgcolor="pink">

<center> <font face="Arial Bold" size="5" color ="Red">

<b>HANDMADE CARDS</b>

</font>

<br>

<font size=3>Handmade cards offers custom made cards as per your requirements for everyone </font><BR> <img src ="cards.jpg" border ="3" height=175 width=175> </center>

<font face = "Arial Bold" size=4 color="Red">

Categories of Cards Offered</font>

<font size=3> <ol type = 1>

<li> General Cards </li>

<ul type="square">

<li> Thinking of You </li>

<li> Missing You </li>

<li> Friends Forever </li>

</ul>

<li> Specific Cards </li>

<ul type ="circle">

<li> Happy Birthday </li>

<li> Happy Diwali </li>

<li> Happy Anniversary </li>

</ul>

</ol>

<i><center>You can also order flowers through our site</center></i>

<table width =20% align = center border = 3 bordercolor = green cellpadding = 10 cellspacing = 2>

<caption>

<b>PRICE LIST</b>

</caption>

<tr>

<th> Bouquet Type </th>

<th> Price </th>

</tr>

<tr>

<td> Flower Galore </td>

<td> Rs. 200 </td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td> Flower Shower </td>

<td> Rs. 300 </td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td> Flower Power </td>

<td> Rs. 400 </td>

</tr>

</table>

<br>

<center>

<a href ="person.html">

<img src = "link.jpg" border = 2 height=50 width=50>

<br>

Personalize The Card

</a>

</center>

</font>

</body>

</html>

The required coding is :

<HTML>

<FRAMESET ROWS = "25%,*">

<FRAME SRC = "FileA.HTML">

<FRAMESET COLS = "45%,*">

<FRAME SRC = "FileB.html">

<FRAME SRC = "FileC.HTML">

</FRAMESET>

</FRAMESET>

</HTML>

Save the Tiger

Man’s hunger remains unsatiated. He has swallowed forests, green belts and arable lands. Man has misused and abused nature. Man’s villainry has brought untold miseries to the animal kingdom. Deforestation on a huge scale has made the most beautiful animal—the tiger, homeless. Illegal hunting and massive poaching have wiped out the entire tiger population at one of the tiger reserves in India.

The number of tigers has fallen from 4334 in 1989 to 3500 in 2004. In 2010, it has touched the rock bottom—just 1440. It is really a tragic story. The most beautiful animal of the wild world is slowly but surely on the road to extinction. The healthy population of tigers is necessary to maintain the ecological balance in nature.

The Government must take effective and prompt steps to save the tiger. Illegal hunting and poaching must be strongly dealt with. Poachers like Sansar Chand must be given exemplary punishments. Forest guards must be provided with the latest weapons to deal with the criminals. Forest reserves should remain untouched. Deforestation should be immediately stopped. Reforestation on a large scale is the need of the hour. Let us save the national animal. Let us save our national pride, the Indian tiger.

Corruption in Public Places and Institutions in India

India got independence from foreign exploitation and colonial masters in 1947. Little did people think that the burden of the dark skinned masters would be more cumbersome and shattering than that the white rulers. Within decades, corruption and nepotism started polluting minds and morals of our leaders, politicians, bureaucrats and institutions. The Bofors scandal brought the downfall of Rajiv Gandhi’s government. The charges were that the government charged commissions in the Bofors gun-deal. No political party has remained above board in the eyes of the people. Even the President of the BJP, Sh. Bangaru Laxman had to resign after caught taking bribes on the camera in a sting operation. The UPA II Government was rocked by a series of scams and scandals. It started with the commonwealth games in Delhi. Crores of unaccounted money went in to the pockets of the organisers and officials. Not only was the public money misappropriated but India’s image had a serious dent in the outside world. The arrests of Raja and Kalmadi exposed the ugly face of our politicians and the deep decay of our institutions. Unfortunately, no one, right from the Prime Mnister to an ordinary clerk, seems above board and free from suspicion. The opposition and other political parties are not far behind. The Yedurappa government was ousted as it disgraced and drowned itself in the mire of corruption.

Series of scams and scandals gave birth to many public protests and outbursts in the form of Anna Hazare’s movement for the Jan Lokpal. The common masses are the worst sufferers. They have to bribe the corrupt officials in the offices, politicians in power and policemen in uniforms. Things must change or the anger of common masses knows or cares neither time nor direction.

More Ads Than News and Features

The world of liberalisation and globalisation has given birth to unsatiable consumerism. ‘Use and Throw’ is the slogan of the times. Things have to be sold. Selling gives money. And money makes the mare go. One good commercial advertisement is worth more than hundreds of salesman. Such is the importance of advertisements in industry, trade, commerce and business. It is no exaggeration that on TV we have more ads than news. After a few minutes a ‘break’ is announced. And then starts a flood of commercial advertisements. You find the Shahanshah of Bollywood, Amitabh Bachchan selling ‘Binani Cement’. Then comes the ‘Badshah’ telling you to use ‘Fair and Lovely’ for your bright complexion. And our glittering damsels of Bollywood can’t be left behind. Aishwarya sells L’Oreal; Katrina patronises ‘Veet’ and Priyanka and Karina settling for ‘Bajaj Scooty’ and ‘Boro Plus’ respectively. News and features have become secondary. We have more adds than features or events.

TV, cinema, newspapers, magazines are full of advertisements. Ads are trend and style setters. Millions are earned just for a commercial advertisement of a few minutes! If things are to be sold then you can’t avoid patronising commercial advertisements. They are the lifeline of trade, business and the media.

Children and Obesity 

India is a land of contrasts. There are millions of malnourished children in India. On the other hand, millions of children suffer from the disease of affluence-obesity. The increasing obesity among school children is really a cause of concern. The figures for years 2000 to 2007 show that obesity in the age group of 15-19 is maximum. Then comes the age group of 11-14. The age group of 5-10 has the minimum obesity. With the advent of liberalisation, the purchasing power and economic prosperity of the middle classes have increased. Their children are leading lives of comfort and luxury. The result is the growing obesity among children. During the last five years, the level of obesity has been sharply rising. Actually, it has shown a five-fold growth. The culture of ‘junk foods’ has aggravated the problem. The craze for burgers, pizzas and colas is making our children obese. Over-eating and lack of exercises and physical activities make things even worse. Parents beware! Monitor the food habits and life-styles of your children. Racing, jogging or exercising can keep them slim and trim. Always remember that a sound mind lives in a sound body. Eat less and eat more fruits and vegetables. Take serious note of your obesity before it is too late for redemption.

How to Get the Best out of a Team

Man is a social animal. He can’t live in vacuum. He has to depend on others to make a living. He has to bond with others and be a part of a team. Working in a team is quite a challenge. One has to adjust himself to the requirements of his team. A team must work like a well oiled machine. Only then it can produce great results. All the members of a team must work together selflessly to achieve a common aim or goal. Working in a team is really a healer and a stress buster. Success or failure is not an individual’s responsibility. It is a collective responsibility. A good team work demands a perfect and effective communication between all the members of the team. A strong leadership controls the individuals and goads them to achieve the common goal. Conflicts are avoided. The focus is on unity and cooperation. Mutual jealousy and conflict of interests have no place in a team. Negative attitudes should be discouraged. Each member should have deep respect and appreciation of others’ abilities and skills.

Combating the Menace of Drugs

Drug addiction is a problem that has been increasing menacingly among our society today. Drug addictions have ruined thousands of families in India. Addiction can trap anyone. Drug addiction ruins the victims physically,mentally and spiritually. It causes problems in the family and contributes to delinquent tendencies in society. Drug abuse leads to crimes and criminal behaviour. It affects the law and order situation affecting the moral health of the society. The abuse of narcotics has caused a widespread concern to all the civilized countries of the world. It is a curse for a developing country like India. Poverty, unemployment and lack of opportunities have caused a deep sense of resentment, anger and depression among the youths of the country. High aspirations, expanding ambitions and unsatiating consumerism have only worsened the situation. Broken families, loss of moral values and lack of proper guidance force the youths of today to resort to immoral and escapist practices of drug addiction. The young people fall an easy prey to drugs. They lose their discretion, conscience, self-control and will power. They indulge in anti-social activities and soon become outcastes in the society. It is shocking that more than 80 per cent heroine addicts in India are in the age group of 12-25 years. This abuse is more pronounced in cities but even our villages are not completely free from this menace. Mostly disillusioned youths alienated from their families and parental love take to drugs in deep frustration. The drug trade flourishes in our slums, hotels, night clubs and bars. An all-out war must be launched against the menace of drugs. The government must root out the centres and dens of this trade giving exemplary punishments to the guilty. Voluntary organizations, social networks and educational institutions must enlighten young men and women against the menace of drugs. We can’t afford to lose any more time: ‘No’ to drugs must start from today and from just now.

Menace of Naxalism in India

India excels in contrasts. India is emerging as a major economy in the world. But India has the largest number of people living below the poverty line. It has the maximum number of illiterates. It has given birth to disappointment and dejection in certain quarters. In 1960s, there started an armed struggle in a tiny village of Bengal, Naxalbari. It aimed to overthrow the Government through an armed revolution. The same movement survives in some pockets in Jharkhand, Bihar, Bengal, Andhra and Maharashtra. They call themselves ‘Maoists’ as they get inspiration from MaoTse-Tung of China. The naxalites or Maoists challenge the might of the state. They run their own ‘people courts’ and enforce their own laws. There is often encounters between the armed forces and the naxalites. So far the Government has failed to root out naxalites and Maoists from their strongholds.

Economic and social disparities create social unrest. Naxalism gets strength from these social disparities and exploitation. Agrarian reforms, upliftment of villages, literacy and providing jobs to the rural unemployed can help in creating peace and prosperity in the villages. Peace and prosperity are more effective weapons to fight against Maoists and naxalism than the bullets of the armed forces..

(a) Makes objectives clear and specific. The planning exercise makes the goals clear and specific because it begins with the determination of objectives.

(b) Provides directions. Due to planning, employees and managers know how their activities relate to organizational goals. Everyone is conscious of his own contribution towards achievement of organizational goals. In this way, 

(c) Reduces the risks of uncertainty. Planning helps to reduce the risks associated with uncertainties. In the process of planning, attempt is made to look into the future and predict it. Planning helps to identify potential dangers and overcome the adverse effects to a large extent. 

(d) Facilitates decision-making by managers. Planned targets are indicators on the basis of which alternative courses of action are considered without planning, decisions may lead to undesirable results.

(1) The given para highlights the financial incentive to be adopted by the firm. Among the financial incentives, the above mentioned para mentions co-partnership as financial incentive. Co-partnership – Under the scheme of co-partnership, a worker gets his usual wages, a share in the profit of the company and a share in the management of the company as well. Co-partnership implies both profit-sharing and control sharing. 

(2) Following are some of the other financial incentives : 

(i) Bonus – Bonus is a reward that is offered on a one-time basis for high performance. A bonus may be in cash or in some other form like trips for top sales people. Bonus is different from merit increase which is perpetuated year after year. 

(ii) Profit-sharing – Under this scheme, employees are given a legitimate share in the surplus earned by the firm. It is a scheme of providing a sort of group incentive to the workers for higher productivity and greater profitability. Employers often use this device to extort the loyalty of workers and reduce the influence of trade unions.

(a). Divisional StructureReason in support of the answer 

1. Product Specialisation helps in the development of varied skills in a divisional head and this prepares him for higher positions. 

2. Divisional heads are accountable for profits, as revenues and costs related to different departments can be easily identified and assigned to them. 

3. It promotes flexibility and initiative because each division functions as an autonomous unit which leads to faster decision making. 

4. It facilitates expansion and growth as new divisions can be added without interrupting existing operations by merely adding another divisional head and staff for the new product line. 

(b) Limitations of the Divisional Structure: 

1. Conflict may arise among different divisions with reference to allocation of funds. 

2. It may lead to increase in costs since there may be a duplication of activities across products. 

3. Divisional interests may supersede organisational interests.

Following are the functions performed by the middle level manager:- 

(i) interpret the policies framed by top management 

(ii) ensure that their department has the necessary personnel, 

(iii) assign necessary duties and responsibilities to them, 

(iv) motivate them to achieve desired objectives, 

(v) Cooperate with other departments for smooth functioning of the organization.

(1) Divisional structure is the framework which the diversified organisation should adopt. 

One of the reason in support of divisional structure is that divisional structure facilitates growth and expansion as new divisions can be added without disrupting the existing operations by merely adding another divisional head and staff for the new product line. 

(2) Following are the limitations of the divisional structure : 

(i) Expensive – Each department is required to maintain all resources and types of services. This gives rise to duplication of efforts which results in high operating costs. 

(ii) Narrow focus – Managers of each department focus on their own product without thinking of the rest of the organisation.

(iii) Clash of interests – Divisional manager may have different approach from organisation’s approach. There may be clash of interests.

a. Usable benefit 

b. Quantity Gifts 

c. Rebate 

d. Product combination 

e. Refund

As a finance manager of company, I shall opt for one of the money market instruments, preferably commercial paper. Commercial paper is a short-term unsecured promissory note, negotiable and transferable by endorsement and delivery with a fixed maturity period. 

Following are the features of a commercial paper : 

1. Commercial paper has a fixed maturity period ranging from 15 days to one year. 

2. It is issued by large and creditworthy companies. 

3. It is negotiable and transferable by endorsement and delivery. 

4. It is sold at a discount and redeemed at par. 

5. Its rate of interest is lower than market rates.

(a) Commercial paper – it is a short term unsecured promissory note, negotiable and transferable by endorsement and delivery with a fixed maturity period. 

(b) 15 days to one year. 

(c) It is used to provide short term funds for seasonal and working capital needs of the business. 

Given, a3 = 12 and a50 = 106

a3 = a + 2d = 12

a50 = a + 49d = 106

Subtracting 3rd term from 50th term, we get;

a + 49d – a – 2d = 106 – 12

Or, 47d = 94

Or, d = 2

Substituting the value of d in 12th term, we get;

a + 2 x 2 = 12

Or, a + 4 = 12

Or, a = 8

Now, 29th term can be calculated as follows:

a29 = a + 28d

= 8 + 28 x 2

= 8 + 56 = 64

The main reasons for deficient demand are apparently the decrease in four components of aggregate demand: 

1. Decrease in household consumption demand due to fall in propensity to consume. 

2. Decrease in private investment demand because of fall in credit facilities. 

3. Decrease in public (government) expenditure. 

4. Decrease in export demand. 

5. Decrease in money supply or decrease in disposable income.

True. To check depression the central bank should purchase government securities from the open market, so as to increase the availability of credit in the economy.

i. Open Market Operations (OMO) refers to the sale and purchase of government securities in the open market by the Central Bank (RBI). By selling such securities the Central Bank soaks liquidity from the economy and by purchasing the government securities, Central Bank releases liquidity. This is an important method of regulating the money supply (liquidity) in the market. 

ii. The Margin Requirement of loan refers to the difference between the current value of the security offered and amount of loan granted. 

When margin requirement is lowered by the Central Bank, the borrowers are able to secure larger amount of funds from the banks which will increase the money supply in the economy. Conversely, a rise in the margin requirements will contract the supply of credit in the economy. 

1.

2. Reversible sols : The solution which can be changed from sol to suspension and suspension to sol by simply addition or elimination of dispersion medium.
Irreversible sols: Sols which cannot be changed from suspension to sol or vice versa by simply adding or eliminating the dispersion medium.

3. Multimolecular colloids : In such colloids particles of dispersed phase are of small size and large number of such particles needs to come together to form colloid. On the other hand particles of macromolecular colloids, are of large enough size to come in colloidal range and forms colloids simply on mixing with dispersion medium.

 (a) Government Expenditure: 

1. Government has to invest huge amount on public works like roads, buildings, irrigation works, etc. 

2. During inflation, government should curtail (reduce) its expenditure on public works like roads, buildings, irrigation works thereby reducing the money income of the people and their demand for goods and services. 

(b) Open Market Operation: 

1. It consists of buying and selling of government securities and bonds in the open market by central bank. 

2. In a situation of excess demand leading to inflation, central bank sells government securities and bonds to commercial bank. With the sale of these securities, the power of commercial bank of giving loans decreases, which will control excess demand.

False. The central bank should decrease the bank rate in order to control deflation.