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States having common frontiers with

(a) Pakistan: Gujarat, Rajasthan, Punjab and Jammu & Kashmir

(b) China: Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir   

(c) Myanmar: Manipur, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram

(d) Bangladesh: West Bengal, Asom, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram  

(e) Nepal: Uttarakhand, U.P., Bihar, West Bengal and Sikkim.

In sky wave propagation, the radio waves emitted from the transmitting antenna reach the receiving antenna after reflection in the ionosphere. It is also called ionosphere propagation. 

The frequency range of transmitting signals is restricted to less than 30 MHz because for every layer of ionosphere, there is a certain maximum frequency of electromagnetic wave above which the wave is not reflected back but gets refracted. Thus, the electromagnetic waves of frequency more than 30 MHz are not reflected back from ionosphere but gets refracted. 

Electromagnetic radiation is a form of energy present all around us invisibly; for example, radio waves, microwaves, X-rays, etc. The intensity of electromagnetic radiation is the number of photons that passes through a given space.

According to Brewster’s law, when unpolarized light is incident on the interface separating the rarer medium and the denser medium, the reflected light is fully polarized provided

µ = tan i_p,

where µ is refractive index of medium and i_p is polarizing angle or Brewster angle.

Given: i_p = 60º. Therefore, 

µ = tan 60° = √3 = 1.732

Refractive index of denser medium is 1.732.

(i) Concave mirror/ converging mirrors. 

(ii) When a solar furnace is placed at the focus of a large concave mirror/reflector, it focuses a parallel beam of light on the furnace, consequently a high temperature is achieved after some time.

(i) Concave mirror/ converging mirrors 

(ii) When a solar furnace is placed at the focus of a large concave mirror/ reflector, it focuses a parallel beam of light on the furnace, consequently a high temperature is achieved after some time.

• Carbon dioxide/CO₂ 
• line water terms milky when CO₂ gas is passed through it/ the gas liberated extinguishes a boring splinter

(i) 2Mg + O₂→ 2MgO + Light
3Mg + N₂→ Mg₃N₂
(a) X is MgO; Y is Mg₃N₂
(b) MgO + H₂O→ Mg(OH)₂

(ii) Grapes when attached to the plants are living and therefore, their own immune system prevents fermentation. The microbes can grow in the plucked grapes and under anaerobic conditions these can be fermented. This is a chemical change.

The correct option is (c) 3, 420

12 = 2 × 2 × 3 

21 = 3 × 7 

15 = 5 × 3 

HCF = 3 

L.C.M = 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 = 420

1. This is because of strong metallic bonds in transition metals due to presence of large number of unpaired electrons.
2. The smaller atoms like H, B, C etc. can tightly fixed in interstitial space of transition metal lattice as well as they form strong metal-metal bond.

Ambident nucleophiles: The nucleophile having two nucleophilic centres is known as ambident nucleophiles.

Chemisorption

The minimum energy required by the reactant to get converted into product or cross over energy barrier) is known as activation energy.

K₃ [Cr(C₂O₄)₃] = Potassium trioxalato chromate (III).

[Co(NH₃)₅CO₃]Cl = Hexa amine carbonato cobalt(III) chloride.

Potassium diaquadioxalatochromate(III) trihydrate.

Two main differences between HTML and XML:

• HTML is used to display data and to focus on formatting of data, whereas XML is used to describe data and focus on what data is.
• HTML tags are predefined, whereas XML tags are not predefined. We create our own tags in XML as per the requirement.

Two main features of XML for which it’s used extensively nowadays:

• XML is used to store data.
• XML is used to exchange data.

Two main differences between HTML and XML:

• HTML is used to display data and to focus on formatting of data, whereas XML is used to describe data and focus on what data is. 
• HTML tags are predefined, whereas XML tags are not predefined. We create our own tags in XML as per the requirement.

Two main features of XML for which it’s used extensively now a days: 

• XML is used to store data.
• XML is used to exchange data

• XML stands for eXtensible Markup Language
• XML is a markup language much like HTML
•  XML tags are not predefined like HTML tags are
• XML was designed to store and transport data
• XML was designed to be self-descriptive
• XML is a Case Sensitive Language
• XML is used to create new internet languages
•  XML is W3C recommendation
• XML is platform independent and language independent
• XML is not a replacement for HTML

The World Wide Web (‘WWW’) is a collection of webpages found in the Internet.

                        OR

WWW is Network of World Wide Computers

                     OR

Any other appropriate definition

Detailed Answer :

WWW is World Wide Web. It is a collection of millions of files stored in thousands of computers (called web servers) all over the world.

The concept of logic of deterrence played a vital role in averting the outbreak of another world war. It implies that when two rival powers are in possession of nuclear weapons capable of inflicting death and destruction unacceptable to each other, a full fledged war is unlikely.

Thus, the cold war in spite of being an intense form of rivalry between great powers remained cold and not hot shooting war.

Spyware is software that aims to gather information about a person or organization without their knowledge and gives the access to someone else.

(i) Virus : A computer virus is an executable software that spreads from one computer to another.

                           OR

A piece of code which is capable of copying itself and typically has a detrimental effect, such as corrupting the system or destroying data.

                           OR

Any other correct definition

(ii) Hacker : A hacker is an individual, who breaks security for non-malicious reasons to test the security of a system.

                            OR

A hacker practices to modify/alter computer software/hardware and informs the creator about the security issues.

(iii) Cracker : A cracker is a person who violates computer security for malicious intentions or for personal gain

A cracker is a person who violates computer security for malicious intentions or for personal gain

                           OR

A cracker practices to modify/alter computer software/hardware and uses it for personal gains/ to trouble the creator.

(a) Motivation sets in motion the action of people. Motivation builds the will to work among employees and puts them into action. It enables the management to secure the best utilization of physical and financial resources. 

(b) Motivation improves the efficiency of work performance. Performance of employees depends not only on individual’s abilities but also on his willingness to achieve a higher level of performance. Motivation improves willingness to work leading to improvement in their efficiency. 

(c) Motivation ensures achievement of organizational goals. If employees are not motivated, no purpose can be served by planning, organizing and staffing. 

(d) Motivation creates friendly and supportive relationship. Management adopts various monetary and non-monetary ways of incentives leading to friendly and cordial relationship between employer and employees. Motivated employees support all changes which are in organizational interest. 

(e) Motivation leads to satisfaction in the employees. Motivation brings satisfaction in the work force through monetary incentives like bonus, prizes, etc. and non-monetary incentives like recognition of work, promotion opportunities, etc.

The SI unit for electric permittivity is farad per meter (F/m or F. m^-1). 

It is the right to safety that has been violated by the doctors.

(a) (ii) on 

(b) (iii) carries 

(c) (i) would 

(d) (ii) with

(a) the gold-plated buildings of stone built in the memory of someone. 

(b) The words of this powerful poem written in praise of his friend will outshine those monuments 

(c) ab,ab 

(d) William Shakespeare.

(a) (iv) though 

(b) (iii) or 

(c) (ii) So 

(d) (iii) to

(a) It was very difficult to find a real princess. 

(b) He travelled all over the world in search of one. / In search of one he travelled all over the world. 

(c) He saw many but no one seemed to be real.

(d) He lost all hope of finding one. 

(e) One stormy night, a young woman sought shelter in his palace.

(a) (iv) towards 

(b) (ii) along 

(c) (i) was 

(d) (i) cherished

(a) (iv) towards 

(b) (ii) along 

(c) (i) to 

(d) (i) was 

(e) (i) cherished

Raj was travelling in a metro. As he stood there, we could see an old man sleeping. The metro following its route, went inside a tunnel, when all of a sudden rights went out. Following this was a state of general panic, while all this seemed normal to Raj, an unexpected scream struck his ears. Everyone quickly switched on their phone’s flashlight, to find, but the old man who was sleeping, scared. Within moments, while the old man comprehended what just happened, he laughed whole-heartily. He told everyone not to worry. He told them that as he woke up, he could feel and hear everyone but cannot see them. So he thought that he had gone blind and thus he shouted. But then he realized that it wasn’t the case. Everyone in the metro laughed and the fault in electric line was dealt with in the mean time. As the electricity was restored, everyone had a great incident to share.

It was a hot afternoon in the month of June. 

Mrs. Madhu was alone in her house. She had her lunch and sat down to watch her favourite serial; suddenly the doorbell rang. She got up lazily and opened the door thinking it might be her maid. But it was not her maid. Instead, a sadhu was standing outside. He was an old man with a grey beard. A bag was hanging an his shoulders. He asked for a glass of water as he was very thirsty. Mrs. Madhu, didn’t know what to do. Then she thought that an old sadhu could do no harm to her. So she went inside to bring a glass of water. When she came out, the sadhu was not there. She went out and looked here and there but he was nowhere to be seen. She was surprised but she went inside and bolted the door and sat in front of the TV again to watch the serial. But she didn’t feel comfortable. Something was amiss. She couldn’t make it out. She felt as if she was not alone. She looked around and to her horror, found the sadhu standing behind her. She was terrified. She wanted to scream but no sound came out. The sadhu had a strange look in his eyes. He commanded her to hand over f the keys. She didn’t know what to do. The doorbell rang again. This was her chance to save herself. She pushed the sadhu ran out, opened the door and started shouting. She herself was wondering from where she had got the courage to hit the man. Soon the neighbours gathered and caught hold of the Sadhu. Then they called the police and handed him over to them. Mrs. Madhu promised herself that she would never trust a stranger. It was a terrible afternoon which haunted her for many days afterwards.

It was a hot afternoon in the month of June. Mrs. Madhu was alone in her house. She had her lunch and sat down to watch her favourite serial suddenly the doorbell rang. She got up lazily and opened the door thinking it might be her maid. But it was not her maid. Instead, a sadhu was standing outside. He was an old man with a grey beard. A bag was hanging on his shoulders. He asked for a glass of water as he was very thirsty. Mrs. Madhu didn't know what to do. Then she thought that an old sadhu could do no harm to her. So she went inside to bring a glass of water. When she came out, the sadhu was not there. She went out and looked here and there but he was nowhere to be seen. She was surprised but she went inside and bolted the door and sat in front of the TV again to watch the serial. But she didn't feel comfortable. Something was amiss. She couldn't make it out. She felt as if she was not alone. She looked around and to her horror; found the sadhu standing behind her. She was terrified. She wanted to scream but could not. The sadhu had a strange look in his eyes. He commanded her to hand over the keys. She didn't know what to do. The doorbell rang again. This was her chance to save herself. She pushed the sadhu ran out, opened the door and started shouting. She herself was wondering from where she had got the courage to hit a man. Soon the neighbours gathered and caught hold of the sadhu. Then they called the police and handed him over to them. Mrs. Madhu promised herself that she would never trust a stranger. It was a terrible afternoon which haunted her for many days afterwards.

(b) Decrease or increase in market price. 

(c) Salaries 

Depreciation is fall in value of an asset because of its usage or with efflux of time or due to obsolescence or accident. 

(a) Pass book 

d) All of the above

(i) SELECT FCODE, NAME, PRICE FROM Furniture WHERE PRICE < 5000;

(ii) SELECT NAME, PRICE FROM Furniture WHERE NAME LIKE '%table%;

(iii) SELECT DISTINCT (WCODE) FROM Furniture;

(iv) SELECT NAME, PRICE + 500 FROM Furniture;

(v) SELECT FCODE, NAME FROM Furniture ORDER BY FCODE DESC;

(vi) SELECT . FROM Furniture WHERE MANUFDATE BETWEEN '01-JAN.2016' AND '15-lUN-2017';

(vii)SELECT AVG (PRICE) FROM Furniture WHERE WCODE = 'W02';

(viii)SELECT WCODE, MAX (PRICE) FROM Furniture GROUP BY WCODE;

(ix) Output 

SUM (PRICE)

6500

(x) Output

COUNT (DISTINCT PRICE)

5

Open-source software (OSS) is computer software with its source code made available with a license in which the copyright holder provides the rights to study, change, and distribute the software to anyone and for any purpose. Hence every open source software is not free. Those open source software which are made available for free are termed as Free and Open Source Software.

(i), (ii) and (iii) are valid IP addresses, (iv) is not because IP address can not contain any sign other than numbers and.(dot).

Interest received - Operating activity. 

Interest paid - Operating activity.

(a) x = 3.

(b) choice is variable of char type(character type).

Declaration: char choice;

(i) Code when Calculate Charges button will be click:

int Fee, con_amt;

String Name = jTextField1.getText ();

if (jRadioButton1. isSelected ( ) = = True)

     Fee = 2000;

else if (jRadioButton2.isSelected () = = True)

    Fee = 2500;

else if (jRadioButton3. isSelecled () = = True)

    Fee = 2300;

else

   Fee = 0;

jTextField2.setText (Fee) ;

if (jCheckBox.isSelected () = = True)

    con_amt = (Fee * 7)/100;

else

   con_amt = 0;

jTextfield3.setText (con_amt) ;

float Fee_paid;

Fee_paid = Fee - con_amt;

jTextField4.setText (Fee_paid) ;

(ii) Code when Clear button will be click:

jTextField1.setText (" ");

jTextField2.setText (" ");

jTextFieid3.setTex (" ");

jTextField4.setTex (" ");

jRadioButton1.setSelected (False);

jRadioButton2.setSeiected (False) ;

j RadioButton3.setSelected (FaIse) ;

jCheckBox.setSelected (False) ;

(iii) Code when Exit button will be Click :

System.exit (0);

x = sxii

y = cbseboardclassxii

z = aisse2016

t = 9

Value of i will be 10

Value of z will be 5