Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

(a) Natural causes.

(b) Human causes.

(c) Economic causes.

(d) Other causes.

Detailed Answer : 

(a) Natural causes : Human beings have little control over natural calamities like flood, earthquake, lightning, heavy rains, famine, etc. They result in heavy loss of life, property and income in business. 

(b) Human causes : Human causes include such unexpected events like dishonesty, carelessness or negligence of employees, stoppage of work due to power failure, strikes, riots, management inefficiency, etc. 

(c) Economic causes : These include uncertainties relating to demand for goods, competition, price, collection of dues from customers, change of technology or method of production, etc. Financial problems like rise in interest rate for borrowing, levy of higher taxes, etc., also come under these type of causes as they result in higher unexpected cost of operation of business. 

(d) Other causes : These are unforeseen events like political disturbances, mechanical failures such as the bursting of boiler, fluctuations in exchange rates, etc., which lead to the possibility of business risks.

NABARD : National Bank for Agriculture and Rural development.

RSBDC : Rural Small Business Development.

NSIC : National Small Industries Corporation.

SIDBI : Small Industries Development Bank of India.

RWED : Rural and Woman Entrepreneurship Development.

DICs : District Industries Centres.

Any activity undertaken with the objective of earning income or livelihood is called Economic activity.

Detailed Answer :

Business / Employment or Profession.

(a) NABARD : (National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development).

(b) RSBDC : (The Rural Small Business Development Centre)

(c) NSIC : (National Small Industries Corporation).

(d) SIDBI : (Small Industries Development Bank of India).

(e) NCEUS : (The National Commission for Enterprise in the Unorganised Sector).

(f) RWED : (Rural and Women Entrepreneurship Development)

(g) WASME : (World Association for Small and Medium Enterprises).

(h) SFURTI : (Scheme of Fund for Regeneration of Traditional Industries).

(i) DICs : (The District Industries Centres).

(a) Shares. 

(b) Debentures.

(c) Retained earnings. 

(d) Trade credit.

(e) Commercial banks. 

(f) Commercial papers.

(g) Financial institutions. 

(i) Factoring.

(j) International financing.

Multinational company: A huge industrial organization which extend its industrial and marketing operations through a network of branches in several countries. 

Following are the characteristics of a multinational company : 

i. They have huge financial resources; 

ii. They generally enter into foreign collaboration with Indian companies; 

iii. They possess advanced technology; 

 iv. They are engaged in product innovation; 

 v. The marketing strategies of global companies are far more effective than other companies. 

vi. They expand their market territory beyond the physical boundaries of their country

Fitness Index (short form) = Fitness Index (long form) =

(100 × test duration in seconds)/ (5.5 × pulse count between 1 and 1.5 mm) 

(100 × test duration in seconds) /(2 × sum of heart beats in the recovery periods)

(a) Provide steady income to shareholders.

(b) Fixed rate of return.

(c) Preferential right over other shareholders.

(d) No any sort of charge against the assets of the company.

Detailed Answer :

Merits of Preference shares :

(a) They don't create any charge on the assets of the company. 

(b) They have the preferential right to repayment of capital over equity shareholders at the time of winding up of the company. 

(c) Since the dividend payable to preference shareholders is fixed, therefore a company is in a position to declare high rates of dividend for equity shareholders during good times. 

(d) They get steady income in the form of fixed rate of return and safety of investment from profitable business.

(a) Retained earnings : A company generally does not distribute all its earnings amongst the shareholders as dividends. A portion of the net profit may be retained in the business for use in the future. This is known as retained earnings. It is a source of internal financing or self financing or ploughing back of profit. The profit available for ploughing back of profit in an organisation depends on many factors like profit, dividend policy and age of the organisation. 

(b) Trade Credit : Trade Credit is the credit extended by one trader to another trader for the purchase of goods and services. Trade credit facilitates to purchase of goods and services without immediate payment. It is granted to those customers who have reasonably good financial standing and goodwill.

Following are the differences between a public company and a private company:

(a) Finance problem.

(b) Raw material problem.

(c) Managerial skill problem.

(d) Labour problem.

Detailed Answer : 

Problems faced by small scale business are as follows : 

(a) Quality : The weakest Point of small scale units is maintaining the quality. These business firms have neither adequate resources to invest in quality research nor the expertise to upgrade technology for improving the quality of their products. 

(b) Technology : The technology used by these firms is usually outdated. As a result, the production is uneconomical and low. 

(c) Capacity utilization : Many small business firms have to operate below full capacity due to lack of marketing skills or lack of demand. This increases their operating cost and may result in even closure of the business. 

(d) Managerial skills : Small business is established and managed by a single individual. Hence he/she may not possess all the managerial skills needed to run the business. Due to shortage of funds they can not afford to employ professional managers.

The principles of insurance are as follows :

(1) Principle of utmost good faith : 
An Insurance contract is a contract of good faith. Both parties to the contract are bound to disclose all material facts which are likely to affect the acceptance of the proposal by the insurance company. It is known as a contract Uberrimae fidie , i.e a contract requiring absolute good faith and the disclosure of all material facts.

For e.g: The insured is a cancer patient does not disclose this material fact in his proposal form. If the insured dies of Cancer, the insurance company is not liable to pay the insurance money.

(ii) Insurable Interest: The insured must have an insurable interest in the subject matter of insurance. Insurable interest means some pecuniary interest in the subject matter of the insurance contract. The insured must have an interest in the preservation of the thing or life insured.
For example, if a person has taken the loan against the security of a factory premises then the lender can take fire insurance policy of that factory without being the owner of the factory because he has financial interest in the factory premises.

(iii) Indemnity According to it, the insurer undertakes to put the insured in the same position that he occupied immediately before the loss due to happening of the event insured against. The principle of indemnity is not applicable to life insurance.
For example, a person insured a car for 2.5 lakh against damage on an accident case. Due to accident he suffered a loss of 1.5 lakh, then the insurance company will compensate him 1.5 lakh only not the policy amount i.e., 2.5 lakh as the purpose behind it is to compensate not to make profit.

(5) Principle of proximate cause :  
The proximate cost means the direct , the most effective cause of which the loss is the natural consequence. When the loss is the result of two or more causes, the most proximate cause of the mishap should be taken into consideration. The insurance undertakes to compensate the insured for the loss caused to him or her due to damage of property insured.  

For example : Sugar send by Ship insured against sea hazards. Rats made hole by cutting the pipe of the toilet. Sea water entered through the hole and the sugar was destroyed. In this case the nearest cause of the loss of sugar is the seawater, a risk which was insured and the insurance company will be liable for the risk. If the rats  would have damaged the sugar directly insurance company would not have been liable for the risk.

Surface of a conductor is an equipotential surface and field lines are always directed from higher to lower potential, so field lines in the vicinity of a conductor must be normal to the surface of conductor.

Mineral is a homogeneous naturally occurring substance with a definable internal structure.

(c) Incomplete System 

The acceptor of bill of exchange is known as drawee.

The Correct option is (b) Land 

(b) 4^th April, 2019 

Magnetic field at P is into the plane of paper and at Q it is out of the plane of paper. The strength of the magnetic field at Q will be larger as strength of the field ∝ 1 / r.

(a) When an electric current passes through a conductor (like a high resistance wire) the conductor becomes hot after some time and produces heat. This is called heating effect of Electric Current. 

Ex: A bulb becomes hot after its use for some time. This is because of heating effect of electric current.

(b) We Know that 

H = P x t

H = \(\frac{Energy }{Time}\times t\)

\(\because\) Energy = V.Q

H = \(\frac{V.Q.t}{t}\) 

H = Vit

\(\because\) V = IR

H = I²Rt

Other form

\(H = V\left[\frac VR\right]t\)

\(H = \frac{V^2}{R}t\)

Where 

I = Current

R = Resistance

t = Time

(c) Two devices which work on the heating effect of electric current are:

(i) Electric heater

(ii) Electric iron

The household waste or rubbish produced in our day-to-day life is called garbage. For example, spoilt food, vegetable peels, leaves, wood, grass, paper, plastic, etc.

Garbage is classified into the following two types:

(1) Hydrolysis of Alkyl Halides 

This is a nucleophilic substitution reaction. The method is not a very effective one. This is because it has as olefins as by-products. ion.  

R-X  +  KOH_aq  →  R-OH  

(2) Oxymercuration and Demercuration of Alkanes 

Alkenes react with mercuric acetate in presence of H₂O and tetrahydrofuran to give alkyl mercury compounds. This is one of the most common types of methods to prepare alcohols.

Writing — 4 + 3i.

Writing a₇ = 7²/2⁷ or a₇ = 49/128

S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, HTT, THT, TTH, TTT}.

The number 2 is not greater than 7.

Negation: It is false that every natural number is greater than 0.

There exists a natural number which is not greater than 0.

Given:

tan 2A = cot(A - 18°)

cot(90 – 2A) = cot(A – 18) 

90 – 2A = A – 18 

– 2A – A = – 18 – 90 

– 3A = – 108

A = -108/-3 = 36

A = 36

(i) (6,4)

(ii) √(6 − 3)² + (1 − 4)² 

= 3√2 units

(iii) Sita and Rita

(i) Electronic configuration of element X (with atomic number – 20) is 2, 8, 8, 2.

(ii) It belongs to the 2nd group and 4th period of the modern periodic table.

(iii) It will form basic oxides as it is metallic in nature.

(iv) Magnesium (Mg)

a) Because they try hard to go out of the closed room 

b) Because they are quite weak and not fresh. 

c) Like newly discharged patients-- ALLITERATION

a. It is Celebrated annually for playing a big role in /saving the lives 

b. It aims to provide relief to human beings in distress due to war 

c. Various programmes are held to celebrate this day in the schools.

a) Cause 

b) Who 

c) Therefore/so 

d) which 

Eg. --when 

a. At 

b. As/since 

c. When /if

Story writing Content --------------- 

The students will write a story on the basis of the beginning of the story 

Expression ----- creativity , originality,Fluency ,cohesiveness and relevance Spellings, grammatical accuracy.

a. vultures 

b. The beak to scoop from the dead bodies of the animals and wide wing span to be able to move in the air for a longer time. 

c. killed by a drug called diclofenac 

d. Vultures serve an important role in the ecological cycle: processing dead bodies of animals. 

e. They also need an abundance of prey species since they rely more on chance than their own hunting skills to eat 

f. The dead bodies are laced with poison to kill jackals 

g. they are poisoned by the lead in animals left behind by hunters. 

h. the use of diclofenac for veterinary use and Vultures feed on carcasses laced with poison.

a. Girls are face discrimination at many levels from being unwelcome since birth to being pulled out of school for a variety of reasons. 

b. Malnutrition has an adverse bearing on their cognitive capacities, learning performance and physical capacity. 

c. They are likely to make better decisions concerning not only their careers and relationships, habits, physical and mental health, but will be successful and an asset to the society. 

d. Newly available career choices, pollution, water and energy conservation, global warming, protection of environment, terrorism and disasters.

e. Myriad 

f. Vulnerable 

g. Asset 

h. Overt 

a) Format-- writer's address, receiver's address, date, subject, salutation and complementary close ------------------- 

b) Content --------

c) Expression----- Coherence and relevance, Spelling ,grammatical accuracy

• Students wasting their time in whats app 
• Poor communication skills 
• No contact with the other family members 
• Spoiling their future plans 
• Suggestions for time management :-
• Should follow their routine strictly. 
• Should know the value of time 
• Whats App will lead them nowhere.

                      LETTER WRITING 

a) Format-- writer's address, receiver's address, date, subject, salutation and complementary close ------------------- 

b) Content -------- 

c) Expression----- Coherence and relevance, Spelling ,grammatical accuracy.

• Water crisis- dried wells , all other water resources dried up 
• Scarcity of drinking water 
• No water supply in the area
• Suggestions :-- regular water supply through water tankers 
• Long term goals of reviving water bodies
• Digging of the dried wells deeper
• Planting of trees
• Awareness programmes

Hacker: 

A computer enthusiast, who uses his computer programming skills to intentionally access a computer without authorization is known as hacker. A hacker accesses the computer without the intention of destroying data or maliciously harming the computer

It is an IP address. It is used to identify the computers on a network.

When the user browses a website, the web server sends a text file to the web browser. This small text file is a cookie. They are usually used to track the pages that we visit so that information can be customised for us for that visit.

A’B’C + A’BC’+ AB’C’+ AB’C

An IP address is a unique identifier for a node or host connection on an IP network. An IP address is a 32-bit binary number usually represented as 4 decimal values, each representing 8 bits, in the range 0 to 255 (known as octets) separated by decimal points. This is known as "dotted decimal" notation.

Example:140.179.220.200