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Good morning respected Principal, teachers and my dear friends! Today I am going to speak about the difficulties faced by senior citizens. We are the citizens of the country which shows love and care for the elders. However, now this value is found to be disappearing. Old age is viewed as an unavoidable, undesirable and problem ridden phase of life. Old age is a period of physical decline. Even if one does not become sans eyes, sans teeth, sans everything, right away, one does begin to slow down physically. Older people are susceptible to psychotic depression. Decline in mental ability makes them dependent. They want to tighten their grip over the younger ones. Death of a spouse creates a feeling of loneliness and isolation. The negligence and indifferent attitude of the family members towards the older people creates more emotional problems. Retirement from service usually results in loss of income. Grandparents provide an additional source of affection. 

Let us not isolate them for we all have to come to this stage one day. 

Thank you

M-114, Rajnagar 

Ghaziabad 

10th August, 2019

The Commissioner 

Municipal Corporation 

Faridabad 

Sub: Malaria Cases due to Insanitary conditions in Raj Nagar 

Dear Sir I wish to bring to your knowledge the suffering of the residents of Raj Nagar due to the rising number of malaria cases in the locality. There are a number of pools and drains in the area, full of stagnant water, which serve as breeding places for mosquitoes. 

The sanitation is very bad here. The roads here are not swept regularly. They are dirty and full of rubbish. The drainage water flows all over the street, especially during the rainy days. There are many pits on the road. They are filled with drainage water. Foul smell arises from it and it is a place for mosquitoes to breed. So, people often catch dengue and malaria due to the mosquito bites. These days Chickengunia is a major threat.

I, therefore, request you to please get this cleaned and dirty water drained out from them. You may also send your health staff for medical check-ups of the patients, and also for all possible preventive measures. 

I request you to take up this matter seriously and improve the sanitation in this locality. 

Yours faithfully 

Karan

(a) baby tending 

(b) walking up the trunk on flexible little feet/to break open a coconut with one firm well-directed blow of a knife as long as she is tall/ to play a number of group games and sing the songs which go with them

(c) to tidy the house by picking up the litter on the stony floor/ to bring water from the sea/ to spread out the copra to dry and to help gather it in when rain threatens/ to go to a neighboring house and bring back a lighted faggot for the chief's pipe or the cook-house fire.

(d) at eight or nine years of age they are usually relieved of baby tending and are given more interesting and important activities.

(e) their behavior is circumspect and helpful.

(f) burdened with heavy babies or the care of little staggerers who are too small to adventure on the reef/ discouraged by the hostility of the small boys and the scorn of the older ones. 

(g) They have a high standard of individual responsibility, but the community provides them with no lessons in cooperation with one another.

(h) the boys organize quickly; the girls waste hours in bickering, innocent of any technique for quick and efficient cooperation.

(a) abruptly

(b) ridicule

(a) sign of nervousness/disturbed

(b) Find even the ivory needle hard to pull.

(c) It is a symbol of bondage/she feels shackled.

(d) She is in a state of turmoil.

Coaching Classes — Are they worth it? By Ram 

Today, coaching classes have become ubiquitous in the lives of city students. It is impossible to imagine students’ lives without them. They are simultaneously a compulsion, and at the same time criticized a lot for spoiling education. 

Attending coaching classes is not only a waste of time for students who are sincere and would study under any conditions, but also a burden for ones who are basically not interested in studying. Such students who have a keen interest in pursuing extracurricular activities during their last few years of school time, cannot do so on account of long hours spent at coaching classes. This hampers their later years if they want to pursue careers in fields that are non-academic. 

Almost all students today who attend extra classes have lost their evening play time. Incidents of backaches, neck aches, eye-related problems, obesity have been increasing among students and all of them can be mostly attributed to sitting in classes for hours at a stretch without any physical activity. 

Students need to take decisions not as a herd, but according to their individual needs.

Sunrise Public School 

Delhi 

7th October, 2018

 The Manager 

Decathlon Sports, 

Faridabad 

Sub: Cancellation of order 

Dear sir 

This is with regard to the order for 25 badminton racquets placed by us with your company – order no 2516, dated 20th September. 

I regret to inform you that I am bound to cancel the said order as it stands unfulfilled even after the due date of delivery, i.e 4th October. 

We had placed the order with you, banking on the reliable services you had provided us in the past. We had especially requested timely delivery as our Sports Day is aproaching. As such, we are forced to cancel the order. We would appreciate if you would arrange to return the advance payment made to you by 1st October, 2018. 

Thanking you 

Yours faithfully 

Karuna

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Role of Youth in Eradicating Illiteracy 

By Karan 

According to 2011 census, literacy of hundred percent or around has been achieved by only a couple of states in India. Illiteracy is found mostly among the old and the deprived sections of society. 

Youth have a crucial role to play in erasing the evil of illiteracy in society. In summer vacations they can devote a couple of hours to teach the illiterates in localities or villages near their residences. They can educate the illiterates in life skills, proper hygiene, childcare and nutrition. Also they can remove very much the social evils from the minds of illiterates like blind faith in superstitions, religious bigotry, communalism and narrow-mindedness. 

Students can stage street plays that reveal the hollowness of various beliefs of the illiterates. They can teach them about the importance of being illiterate. They can access various schemes of the government for their uplift and growth. Best of all, through literacy, the illiterate can be prevented from being cheated by unscrupulous and crafty people. Youth power can expel illiteracy from our country. They only need to have a strong will and determination to eradicte the menace of illiteracy

In modern times there is a great need of yoga to place harmony with oneself and the environment. Yoga balances our body, mind and soul. It cops up between everyday demands, problems and worries and develops greater understanding of ourself, the purpose of life and our relationship with God. Yoga is the light of life, the supreme cosmic principle, the Universal creative consciousness. It leads to Supreme knowledge and eternal bliss. It originated in the past with the investigation of cosmic laws, the laws of nature etc. Now a days it is taught worldwide. It can be practiced independently. It is a way to self knowledge and self realisation. 

Respected jury, I stand before you to debate for the motion that dissection of animals should be banned. 

Classroom dissection desensitizes students to the sanctity of life. Research has shown that a significant number of students at every educational level are uncomfortable with the use of animals in dissection and experimentation. 

Studies also suggest that exposing young people to animal dissection as “science” can foster callousness toward animals and nature and even dissuade some from pursuing careers in science. Students don’t need to cut up animals to understand basic anatomy and physiology. Those who plan to go into a medical field would do better to study humans in a controlled and supervised setting, examine human cadavers, or use any of the many non-animal learning methods available, such as those provided by computer models and sophisticated simulators. This type of simulation-based education would more accurately reflect what students will encounter when they get to medical school. Every year, millions of animals are dissected in elementary, secondary, and college science classes. Each animal that is cut open and discarded represents not only a life lost but also a part of a trail of animal abuse and environmental havoc. Dissections teach children to abuse animals. You’re taking a harmless animal’s life away. What if that happened to you? Taking your life away so that someone can dissect it? 

With this I rest my case.

Respected jury I stand before you to argue against the motion that gender equality is impossible. 

It is a fundamental moral truth that all human beings are born equal. If we look at it from a Christian viewpoint, it is written that “Eve was created from a rib at Adam’s side, not above him to rule over him, not below him to be trampled by him but from his side so that she will rule beside him.” Therefore to neglect or refuse gender equality is refuting that fundamental moral truth that all human beings deserve to be equal. 

There is also no proven evidence that women are in any general way less talented, less intelligent or less brilliant than men. There are many cases where women are even more talented than their male counterparts in areas that are predominantly male, such as the engineering. Case studies have also shown that some males are more talented in domestic areas such a hairdressing or domestic household responsibilities. Therefore, to provide job opportunities based on the stereotypical male-female roles instead of the individual’s capability would be such a waste of human talent and would impede the growth of expertise in that particular area. Not providing women equal rights in the workforce would also impede economic progress. 

I feel that it is possible that total equality exists between the sexes, total equality meaning that both genders can choose to contradict gender stereotypes and not to suffer discrimination as a result of it. 

With this I rest my case.

Respected jury, I stand before you to debate the motion that vegetarian food is healthier than non-vegetarian food. There are many friends of mine who daily argue on this topic. Whenever they go for an outing in a restaurant the lover of nonvegetarian food starts teasing the other group by saying that he/she is simply wasting money by having vegetarian food. I strongly support the motion that vegetarian diet is far healthier than non-vegetarian diet. Let us look at the reasons.

Vegetarian diets have higher fiber content and folate as compared to the nonvegetarian diets. Moreover the saturated fats and cholesterol are found in lower amount in vegetarian diets.

Vegetarian diets reduce the risk of many diseases like obesity, diabetes, osteoporosis and especially cancer. Non-vegetarians are more prone to chronic diseases. Check out the statistics of western countries. It clearly shows that on an average, vegetarians have a longer life than non-vegetarians. Vegetarian diet is not restricted to some limited foods. The variety of vegetarian dishes that can be made is endless. Chicken and fish contain trans fatty acids and when consumed excessively can cause heart diseases.

I hope my arguments will convince the jury of the wisdom of following a vegetarian diet. 

Thank you.

31-A 

 Shatri Nagar 

 Trichi 

March 02, 2019 

The Editor 

The Times of Kerala Trichi 

Subject: Help for Kerala flood victims 

Sir 

I am writing this letter to appeal to the people of our country to come forward in helping the floodstricken people of Kerala. Recently one of the worst floods have hit Kerala in decades. Owing to copious rainfall that started on August 8, 2018, all the dams of the state were filled to capacity. The gates had to be opened to keep the dams safe. The incessant rains further deteriorated the flood situation. Approximately 370 people died in the floods. Thousands of homes had been affected and damaged. More than a million people had to take shelter in relief camps. It will take many months of hard-work to bring life to normalcy in Kerala. 

The entire nation has come forward to lend a helping hand to the Kerala flood victims. Central Government, State Governments, Union Territories, Multi-National Corporations, Big Business Houses, Celebrities, Sportsmen and women, schools, colleges, and common people have been contributing to Kerala’s Chief Minister’s Relief Fund generously. Even the help from foreign countries is pouring in. It will take many months of hard-work to bring life to normalcy in Kerala.

Through the medium of your esteemed newspaper I appeal to the people to contribute liberally. Kindly give my views enough space in your esteemed daily. Thanking you. 

 Yours Truly

Varun 

(a) Aunt Jennifer’s tigers are walking confidently across an embroidery screen.

(b) They look like shining yellow topaz. 

(c) They are fearless as they don’t fear the men under the tree. 

(d) Aunt Jennifer’s tigers run with a well groomed, honourable confidence.

Respected judges, I, Reema, stand before you to argue for the motion that nuclear families are better than joint families. In simple words a nuclear family is one which consists of the husband wife and their unmarried children. 

Nuclear family plays an important role in the development of personality of individuals. Children are closer to the parents and can have more free and frank discussion about their problems with parents. In nuclear families the condition of women is better than that of in joint families. She gets enough time to look after her children. She also gets time to plan and manage her house according to her own ideas. Family planning programme becomes successful in nuclear families. The members of nuclear family have to plan and limit their family as they have to bear all the responsibilities and expenses themselves to nourish their children. Peace and harmony are very much essential for a pleasant family life. In nuclear families there is no misunderstanding and all members enjoy a harmonious atmosphere by living together. Also, in nuclear family, there is no shifting of responsibility like in joint family. The parents are bound to take responsibility of their children by themselves. 

With these arguments, I rest my case.

Good morning respected Principal, teachers and my dear friends. My name is Keshav. I study in class XII. Today I would like to give a speech on 'Cleanliness'. Cleanliness is very important in our life from all the aspects. Cleanliness means complete absence of dirt, dust, stains and bad smells from all the surrounding areas. 

They say that cleanliness is another name for godliness and rightly so. Nature provides us unadulterated and raw natural beauties. But man has been the greatest villain. We have polluted and deteriorated the environment beyond redemption. I would like to remind the students that inspite of various measures taken by the local and school administration, the students are not helping the management in keeping our surroundings clean. They have a stack in keeping the school compound and verandahs clean. But the findings point out to the contrary. It is sad and shocking that some students of junior classes have decided that it is not their job to keep the school clean and tidy. They litter the school compound and verandas with tiffin left-overs. This act of theirs makes the school look unclean and untidy. Some other students have been found spitting around the compound. Others throw garbage and rubbish not in the dustbins placed there but on the floors in the verandas. Some students have been found making pencil or ink marks on the walls of the classrooms. Many of our students, even of higher classes don't observe a decent toilet culture. They don't help in keeping the campus and the classrooms neat and clean. 

It is the duty of each and every student to keep the school and its surroundings neat and clean. The school is a temple of learning. And this temple of learning must maintain its sanctity and cleanliness. We should not litter the school compound, verandas and classrooms with rubbish and tiffin left-overs. Let's make and maintain our school a pleasant place which reflects cleanliness, decency and decorum. 

(a) The screen is the panel in which the aunt is embroidering the tigers. 

(b) The word ‘topaz’ points to the honey-gold colour of the tiger fir. 

(c) The men beneath the tree could be a reference to hunters . 

(d) These tigers, are sleek and stately, chivalric animals who pace with style.

Good morning one and all present here. I, XYZ, am presenting my views against the topic 'Stray dogs should not be put to sleep'. God has created every living creature with same type of feelings and everything has an equal right to live and prosper. But now a days we humans have started a trend to kill whatever we think is not beneficial for us Every rich and well settled person needs a dog but cant stand to see any on the road. If people hate stray dogs that much, they should just take a dog to feed it, bath it and give it a home.

Every living being has right to live on this earth happily. Unfortunately, humans have captured most of the place on earth. As they have no place to live, the dogs had been living on roads. Most of the people hate the dogs which roam on the roads. They are usually unclean since they have no bathrooms like us. People who declare themselves as animal lovers buy dogs with money and raise them. Even though they know that they're wasting money, they spend it. If you don't want any stray dogs on the street, give them a shelter and raise them with love and care. You're a real animal lover if you do it. 

Putting street dogs to sleep is just like putting homeless humans to sleep.

As far as possible, we humans should try to control the animals roaming on road but not their sleep. If we, human beings, need sleep, why don't they have any right for the same. 

Favour : Even though animals have right to live, they are not intelligent as humans. They have no control. They bark and frighten people. They enjoy by seeing the frightened people. They even bite people which in turn is dangerous for us. They have to be put away, not on road to sleep to prevent the danger. If we raise dogs, it is a waste of energy, time and money.

Rehabilitation centers are temporary shelters for homeless dogs, that offers animal lovers the choice to adopt the dogs. But instead of doing that they are protesting against the draft. They should not force the government to shoulder the burden of keeping and feeding thousands of dogs. 

Can all the problems be solved through adoption? 

People do have the right to keep pets but only if they or their pets do not disturb other people. No person has the right to violate other people's right to live in peace, and pet owners should know that all rights come with obligation. Protecting private rights is important, but so is protecting public rights. 

Sleeping of stray dogs on road causes accidents. No doubt they have the right to sleep, but they have no right to kill people. There should be separate places designed for their sleep. Roads are meant for vehicles and people's walking and roaming and not for sleeping. 

(a) The poem is A Thing of Beauty and the poet is John Keats. 

(b) A thing of beauty is the source of constant joy. Its beauty goes on increasing. It will never pass into nothingness. It gets printed on the mind of the man. It wards off the gloom and sorrows. 

(c) A beautiful thing is a source of permanent joy. Its beauty goes on increasing. 

(d) It blesses us with a sound, sweet sleep full of dreams. It provides us health and quiet breathing. 

(a) The exotic moment refers to that moment when all human activity and language will cease at the count of twelve. 

(b) It would be exotic as it would be rare and unprecedented. 

(c) The fisherman would cease to hunt whales as they are already an endangered species. 

(d) The poet hopes that the men gathering salt will stop gathering salt, and look at their hurt hands and introspect about how their actions have led them to suffering.

(a) The poem is Keeping Quiet and the poet is Pablo Neruda. 

(b) The Earth is always alive, even when everything else seems to be dead. There is always some activity going on in nature beneath its apparent stillness. 

(c) The Poet wants to achieve peace by counting upto twelve. He wants us to introspect in a moment of silence. 

 (d) Only the Earth is alive when everything else appears to be dead. 

(a) The earth teaches us how new life springs from dead remains and how there is life under apparent stillness. 

(b) The poet wants to achieve peace by counting upto twelve. He wants us to introspect in a moment of silence. 

(c) Keeping quiet doesn’t mean being idle. It means that we should avoid all such activities, which are hurting the nature and, in turn, us.

(a) The little girl was crying because she had lost her way while gathering flowers for a garland to offer to goddess Durga. 

(b) The pine tree realised that it was not possible for the girl to return to her house. So it offered the little girl to sleep in an open cave-like place under the tree itself. 

(c) The little girl was disappointed because the flowers that she had gathered the previous night, lay withered on the ground. The tree wrapped his branches around the nearby flower trees and shook them gently so that the little girl may become happy after getting so many flowers. 

(d) The short story teaches us a great lesson. It tells us to help others when they need it. 

(e) The pine tree was very tall, in fact so tall that he could talk to the stars in the sky and easily look over the heads of the other trees.

The electronic voting machine was used in India in 1990 for first time for more accuracy and fair dealing while counting as well as it helps to check Booth capturing and other malpractices.

Bile makes the medium alkaline for the action of pancreatic juice necessary for digestion.

X → Amplitude Modulator 

Y → Power Amplifier 

Function of X: The original message signal has very small energy and dies out very soon if transmitted directly as such. Hence, these signals are modulated by mixing with very high frequency waves (carrier wave) by modulator power. 

Function of Y: The signal cannot be transmitted as such because they get weaken after travelling long distance. Hence, use of power amplifier provides them necessary power before feeding the signal to the transmitting antenna.

The resistance of the bulb is given by R =v²/ P. So, the resistance of 60 W bulb is more than the resistance of 100 W bulb. When they are connected in series, the current through both bulbs is same. Hence 60 W bulb will be more brighter because P = I ²R.

(i) IV set-up is the correct set-up.

(ii) The zero of the protector should be in the direction of the normal.

Thickness increases.

Concentration after 36 hours is N_o /8.

Emitted electron is 0.79 eV.

Advantage of LEDs over conventional incandescent low power lamps is any one use.

Diodes with band gap energy in the visible spectrum range can function as LED 

Mardana was puzzled because he did not like the behaviour of his teacher who wished for the bad people to live in their village and for the good people not to remain in their village but to be scattered throughout the country.

Detail Answer:

Mardana was puzzled because Guru Nanak prayed for the people of the first village to stay at one place. These people had forced them to stay in the open. Guru Nanak prayed for the gentle people of the second village to be scattered. Mardana thought just opposite to it. So Guru Nanak taught him that the rude people have some evils which will affect others. So they should stay at one place only. But the people of the second village have such qualities which are needed everywhere. So they should be scattered to benefit others by their qualities:

(a) (iii) their 

(b) (ii) in 

(c) (i) under 

(d) (ii) are

Lencho had immense faith in God, therefore he wrote a letter to God with the belief that God would send him the hundred pesos and that would make up for the loss of his crops. But, when he received seventy pesos, he was upset. He had no faith in humans and thought that the post office employees had stolen thirty pesos of the money that God had sent for his help. Once again, he wrote a letter to God to complain about this issue.

Cell wall is not visible in cheek cells.

The organelle not observed in an animal cell is Chloroplast.

In the preparation of a temporary mount of onion peel, the commonly used stain is Safranin.

Hydrogen peroxide is kept in wax lined glass or plastic vessels in dark because H₂O₂ decomposes slowly on exposure to light.

A dimensionless quantity can have unit. for example angle (radian). But oppisite is not true. A unitless quantity can never have dimensions.it is the unit that give dimensions.

The village elder and all the students sat on the back benches. Generally they were always empty. Everybody sat quietly and looked sad. Everybody was sad to know that German would be taught in all schools of Alsace from the next day.

A = (k, -5)

B = (2, 7)

Distance = 13 units

Distance between A and B = √(x₁ - x₂)² + (y₁ - y₂)²

13 = √(k - 2)² + (-5 - 7)²

13² = (k - 2)² + (-12)² 

169 = (k - 2)² + 144

169 - 144 = (k - 2)²

25 = (k - 2)²

√25 = k - 2

5 = k - 2

k = 5 + 2

k = 7 

The Correct option is (d) 30°

The Correct option is (a) √2 − 1

When NFIA IS Zero.

Because national income is calculated on factor cost where as Net indirect tax make national income at market price.

Yes .we can measure national income from any of these aspects, which will be equal to each other.

 1.Household sector 2. Business sector 3.Govt sector 4. Rest of the world.