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Following are two principles of management adopted by Apaar Foundation : 

(i) Principle of order – Principle of order suggests that objects and the people should be properly arranged in an order. A certain place should be specifically marked for each object and each individual. For example, production manager maybe allotted an office room in the factory and a typist would be allotted a particular table and a typing machine. Thus, there are two aspects to order: 

• Material order i.e., arrangement of things. 
• Social order i.e., arrangement of people. 

The object of this principle is to avoid the loss of time and material and to ensure smooth functioning. 

The application of this principle helps to reduce chaos and to increase efficiency of the employees. 

(ii) principle of division of work – Principle of division of work suggests that work of all kinds should be divided into compact jobs and each job should be allocated to different individuals as per their competence, qualification and experience. The object of this principle to produce more and better work for the same effort. The application of this principle makes each task simple and helps in ensuring speed, accuracy and specialisation.

Levels of packaging:
(a) Primary Packaging
• The ointment tube is the primary package which refers to the product’s immediate container.
• It is kept till the consumer is ready to use the product or it may be kept throughout the entire life of the product.
(b) Secondary Packaging

• The Cardboard box is the secondary package which refers to the additional layers of protection.
• When the consumer starts using the product, the secondary packing is disposed off.
(c) Transportation Packaging
• The Corrugated box is the Transportation Package which refers to the package necessary for storage, identification or transportation.

Different levels of packaging of the pain relieving medicine are: Ointment tube:Primary packaging Cardboard box: Secondary packaging]

Functions of packaging: 
(i) It helps in product identification.
(ii) It helps in protection of the product from spoilage, breakage, leakage damage etc.
(iii) It facilitates use of the product to the consumers through appropriate sizes and shapes.
(iv) It helps in promotion of the product as a good package attracts the attention of the people at the time of
purchase.

Felt weak and trembling as he walked back home

• Shook and cried as he lay on the bed

• Couldn’t eat that night

• Haunting fear gripped him for days 

• Slightest exertion tired him 

• Knees felt wobbly

• Felt sick in the stomach

• suffered from hydrophobia for years

• To distract her mind from unhappy thoughts of her mother’s old age.
• To look at the freshness of life.

As we move along the lanthanoid series, the atomic number increases gradually by one. This means that the number of electrons and protons present in an atom also increases by one. As electrons are being added to the same shell, the effective nuclear charge increases. This happens because the increase in nuclear attraction due to the addition of proton is more pronounced than the increase in the inter electronic repulsions due to the addition of electron. Also, with the increase in atomic number, the number of electrons in the 4f orbital also increases. The 4f electrons have poor shielding effect. Therefore, the effective nuclear charge experienced by the outer electrons increases. Consequently, the attraction of the nucleus for the outermost electrons increases. This results in a steady decrease in the size of lanthanoids with the increase in the atomic number. This is termed as lanthanoid contraction.     

Consequences of lanthanoid contraction  

(i) There is similarity in the properties of second and third transition series.     

(ii) Separation of lanthanoids is possible due to lanthanide contraction.     

(iii) It is due to lanthanide contraction that there is variation in the basic strength of lanthanide hydroxides. (Basic strength decreases from La(OH)₃ to Lu(OH)₃.

Let x be the length of the side of first square and y be the length of side of the second square.
Then, x² + y² = 15425                ...(i)
Let x be the length of the side of the bigger square.
4x – 4y = 60
⇒ x – y = 15 or x = y + 15         ...(ii)
Putting the value of x in terms of y from equation (ii), in equation (i), we get
(y + 15)² + y² = 15425 ⇒ 2y² + 30y – 15200 = 0
or  y² + 15y – 7600 = 0    or (y + 95)(y – 80) = 0 ⇒ y = – 95, 80

But, sides cannot be negative, so y = 80
Therefore, x = 80 + 15 = 95
Hence, sides of two squares are 80 m and 95 m.

(a) heat wave, the death of 55 people in Odisha 

(b) the Task Force have spotted 15 Tigers. 

(c) has been declared 

(d) Five persons were killed

According to the given bar graph, 

(i) (a) In 1989, 180 books were sold. (b) In 1990, 475 books were sold. (c) In 1992, 225 books were sold. 

(ii) In 1990, about 475 books were sold and in 1992, about 225 books were sold. 

(iii) In 1989 and 1992 fewer than 250 books were sold. 

(iv) By reading the graph, we calculate that 180 books were sold in 1989.

A beautiful thing gives us a sleep full of sweet dreams, health and a peaceful breathing. It helps us in achieving the peace of mind thus helping us live a beautiful life.

Sophie belonged to a lower middle class family. Jansie and Sophie both are earmarked for the biscuit factory. Sophie’s brothers Geoff has to go to a far off place to learn apprentice mechanic. Her father works hard and the drops of sweat are visible on his plump face. All the domestic chores are done in the family. Piles of dirty clothes can be seen near the sink. Her father goes to the pub on a cycle to celebrate. All these points indicate her family’s financial status.

The poet refers to the “sadness” which we form out of our own thinking and actions. We understand a lot of things but do not understand ourselves and our actions. We rush and hurry putting ourselves in troubles. We are bent on creating wars against humanity. We are the creator of all disasters. This is the ‘sadness’ that the poet refers to in the poem. Let us introspect and create mutual understanding.

Stephen Spender paints the school children of the slum as being shut up in catacombs. In the elementary school of the slum their future is dark and misty because of the slum environment. They have nothing new and encouraging in their lives. They are trapped in their miseries of despair, diseases and utter poverty. In these narrow streets their fate is sealed. Their future is dark like an endless night.

e-banking is a service provided by many banks that allows a customer to conduct banking transactions such as managing, savings, checking accounts and paying with the Internet using personal computers.

(a) Ease of formation.

(b) Lower Investment.

(c) Business firm can enter in new and remote markets.

Business ethics are the moral principles and rules of conduct which should govern the activities of a business.

It refers to the minimum number of shares to be subscribed by the public before the companies going ahead with the allotment of shares as per SEBI guidelines.

Deferred revenue expenditure is a revenue expenditure in nature but is written off or charged in more than one accounting period because it is estimated that benefit of such expenditure will accrue in more than one financial year For eg:- Heavy Expenditure on advertisement at time of launch of the product that will give benefit for more than one accounting period. 

Two causes of difference in the balances of cash book and pass book.

(i) Difference due to time gap between recording a transaction by firm and bank like, cheques issued but not presented for payment, cheques deposited into bank but not yet cleared 

(ii) Difference due to entries which are accounted by bank but are recorded by cashier at firm on receiving the pass book statement. Like entries of bank interest, bank charges, interest or dividend collected, direct payments by bank etc 

(iii) Errors or omission by cashier or by Bank. 

(a) Cheque issued by the businessman but not yet presented for payment

(b) Cheque deposited to the bank not yet collected

(a) Total method

(b) Balance method

(a) First ionization enthalpy generally increases as we go across a period due to increase in nuclear charge and decreases as we descend a group due to increase in atomic size. 

(b) Ionization enthalpy of boron is slightly less than of beryllium because in boron, 2s-orbital is complete and its valence electron (2p¹) is shielded by the 2s electrons so less energy is required to remove the 2p electron from a boron atom than is required to remove the 2s electron from a beryllium atom. 

(c) Ionization enthalpy of nitrogen is more than that of oxygen because in nitrogen, half – filled p-orbital (2p³) is present which is more stable than 2p⁴ of O-atom, so more energy is required to remove electron from 2p orbital of nitrogen than that of oxygen.

(a) The equivalent magnetic moment is given by μ = NiA

The direction of μ is perpendicular to the plane of current carrying loop. It is directed along the direction of advance of a right-handed screw rotated along the direction of flow of current derivation of expression for μ of electron revolving around a nucleus

(b) for the loop, μ = N (π r²) i (±k)

Magnetic potential energy = μ.B

= N (π r²) i (±k).( B_x i + B_y j + B_z k)

= ±π r² N I Bz

No, it is not necessary that if the energy supplied to an electron is more than the work function, it will come out.

The electron after receiving energy, may lose energy to the metal due to collisions with the atoms of the metal. Therefore, most electrons get scattered into the metal.

Only a few electrons near the surface may come out of the surface of the metal for whom the incident energy is greater than the work function of the metal.

on reducing the distance, intensity increases.

Photoelectric current increases with the increase in intensity.

Stopping potential is independent of intensity, and therefore remains unchanged.

(a) S,W,X 

(b) Z = Z1 + Z2

A = A1 + A2

(c) Reason for low binding energy:

In heavier nuclei, the Colombian repulsive effects can increase considerably and can match/ offset the attractive effects of the nuclear forces. This can result in such nuclei being unstable.

Chromosomal defect in individuals with Turner's syndrome: 

• Monosomy of sex chromosome
• XO condition
• Absence of one X chromosome( in female)

Giraffe and Kangaroo rat animals are live without water.

Unicellular organisms are composed of a single cell, unlike multicellular organisms that are made of many cells. This means that they each live and carry out all of their life processes as one single cell. Most unicellular organisms are microscopic; however, some are visible to the naked eye.

Angiosperms are flower-bearing plants and flowers act as their reproductive units which include male and female reproductive organs.

Double fertilization is a complex fertilization method in which out of two sperm cells, one fuse with the egg cell and other fuses with two polar nuclei which results in formation of diploid (2n) zygote and triploid (3n) primary endosperm nucleus (PEN) respectively.

The fertilisation in angiosperms results in two structures namely zygote and endosperm, so it is called double fertilisation.

(i) Sustainable development: Development which meets the current basic human needs, while preserving the resources for the needs of future generation. It is necessary for environmental conservation. 

(ii) Water harvesting: It is a method to capture every trickle of water that falls on the land. Following are some benefits of water harvesting: 

(a) Recharges wells/Ground water. 

(b) Provides moisture for vegetation.

(c) It is not lost by evaporation. 

(d) It does not provide a breeding place for mosquitoes. 

(e) Prevents ground water from contamination due to human and animal wastes.

Correct Option  (b) Isothermal

Date .....

The Principle

School name ....

School Address .....

Subject : For Admission in School

Respected sir 

I would like to say that I request for my admission in your school. I have scored A grade in my 10th and to further study i want to take admission in your school (briefly describe about your previous study). I have always been a brilliant student and thus want to carry on my studies in a well - known school with great teachers.

This would not only enhance my kills but would also prove helpful in future as it would be stated on my certificates. So to become a good person with perfect education I request my admission in your school.

Sincerely yours,

Name ....

Address ....

Reveals Captain’s self importance, Madan approaches him about having Raja perform in a film – Madan forced to draft and redraft agreement – gives opportunity to manipulate others – both play power games.

 Psychological repression of an inverted kind, television screen image is more honest version of Manjula than her own self – he exposes the pathetic mess a person’s psyche can be reduced to over years of suppressed bitterness and lying to oneself – Pseudo Modern World – virtual reality – all forced to believe only that – TV presentation unravels the real story of Manjula’s book.

When concentration of an electrolyte approaches zero, the molar conductivity is known as limiting molar conductivity (⋀^om ).

4–Bromo–3–methyl–pent–2–ene

NO⁺₂ has higher bond angle as the central atom nitrogen in NO ^-₂ has a lone pair of electrons

 This is due to the unequal bombardment of colloidal particles by the molecules of dispersion medium.

(C) 1.6605 × 10^-24g

1. The campaign of freeing the city from garbage and dirt by August 15, started by the administration has been a great flop. The campaign failed to make any significant improvement in the prevailing situation. 

2. The reality check by TOI reveals that overflowing garbage dumps, waste and debris lying along the roads are still a common sight in the city. The tall claims of the administration have been proved totally false. 

3. Garbage remains dumped for days outside a government school in Lajpat NagarI’s B-Block. It gives a foul stench. Diseases are rampant in the area. 

4. The Corporation officials are patting themselves on their back just for nothing. Their campaign of creating awareness about sanitation, health and hygiene has not achieved its desired aims. Dirt and garbage still stink the city.

-After killing 70 tigers, no more tigers in kingdom, decided to marry a princess from kingdom with a large population of tigers to reach the target of 100/ influenced by his desire to disprove the prediction of the astrologer/ his conceit, vanity/ arrogance/ selfishness/ self-seeking desire 

IF^–₄ or ICl^–₄