11513 + Interview Questions in CBSE IN GENERAL AWARENESS Page 59 InterviewSolution

2901.	Write relationship of Freundlich’s adsorption isotherm.
Answer» Freundlich adsorption isotheron relation \(\frac { x }{ m } \) = kP^1/n where \(\frac { x }{ m }\) = mass of adsorbate per unit mass of adsorbent, P = pressure of gas, k = constant of adsorption, n = no. of layers of adsorption.

Discussion

2902.	Write the names of the monomers of the following polymers :(a) Nylon-6(b) Buna-N
Answer» (a) Nylon-6 Monomer–Caprolactam (b) Buna-N Monomer–Butadiene and acrylonitrile

2902.

Write the names of the monomers of the following polymers :(a) Nylon-6(b) Buna-N

Answer»

(a) Nylon-6

Monomer–Caprolactam

(b) Buna-N

Monomer–Butadiene and acrylonitrile

Discussion

2903.	Give reasons for the following observations : (a) Physisorption decreases with an increase in temperature.(b) Addition of alum purifies water.(c) Brownian movement stabilizes colloidal solutions.
Answer» (a) In physisorption adsorbate and adsorbent are held by weak vander Waal’s forces which break easily on increasing the temperature. (b) Alum’s fine particles load themselves on the suspended particles to speed up the sedimentation and allowing the suspended particles to flocculate and settle down which can be removed. (c) Brownian movement is caused by the unbalanced bombardment of the colloidal particles of the molecules of the dispersion medium. It has a stirring effect and helps in providing stability to colloidal solutions by not allowing them to settle down.

2903.

Give reasons for the following observations : (a) Physisorption decreases with an increase in temperature.(b) Addition of alum purifies water.(c) Brownian movement stabilizes colloidal solutions.

Answer»

(a) In physisorption adsorbate and adsorbent are held by weak vander Waal’s forces which break easily on increasing the temperature.

(b) Alum’s fine particles load themselves on the suspended particles to speed up the sedimentation and allowing the suspended particles to flocculate and settle down which can be removed.

(c) Brownian movement is caused by the unbalanced bombardment of the colloidal particles of the molecules of the dispersion medium. It has a stirring effect and helps in providing stability to colloidal solutions by not allowing them to settle down.

Discussion

2904.	On the basis of the table given below, state your observations pertaining to the organisation features of the organism.ORGANISMNo. of chromoso mesGenome size in base pairsThe number of predicted genesPart of the genome that encodes for proteinsWorm Caenorhabditis elegans6100,000,00019,00027%Human Homo sapiens233,000,000,00020,000- 25,000<5%Fly Drosophila melanogaster4175,000,000- 196,000,00013600 20%
Answer» No simple correlation between the intuitive complexity of an organism and the number of genes in its genome. Relatively small number of genes in a human genome in comparison to worm /Drosophila melanogaster.

2904.

On the basis of the table given below, state your observations pertaining to the organisation features of the organism.ORGANISMNo. of chromoso mesGenome size in base pairsThe number of predicted genesPart of the genome that encodes for proteinsWorm Caenorhabditis elegans6100,000,00019,00027%Human Homo sapiens233,000,000,00020,000- 25,000<5%Fly Drosophila melanogaster4175,000,000- 196,000,00013600 20%

Answer»

No simple correlation between the intuitive complexity of an organism and the number of genes in its genome.

Relatively small number of genes in a human genome in comparison to worm /Drosophila melanogaster.

Discussion

2905.	Differentiate between somaclones and gametoclones. Who proposed the term somaclones?
Answer» While somaclones are plant variants obtained from tissue cultures of somatic tissues, gametoclones are plant variants with gametophytic origin obtained from tissue such as pollen or egg cell. Larkin and Scowcroft (1981) proposed the term 'somaclones'

2905.

Differentiate between somaclones and gametoclones. Who proposed the term somaclones?

Answer»

While somaclones are plant variants obtained from tissue cultures of somatic tissues, gametoclones are plant variants with gametophytic origin obtained from tissue such as pollen or egg cell.

Larkin and Scowcroft (1981) proposed the term 'somaclones'

Discussion

2906.	What are the various interactions that stabilize a folded protein?
Answer» A balance between the stabilizing (mainly hydrophobic) interactions and destabilization interactions.

Discussion

2907.	The laboratory scale design cannot be scaled up to industrial scale directly. Write any two points that need to be considered while going for industrial scale production.
Answer» • Bulk purchase of chemicals and other raw materials would bring down costs. • The labour cost decreases sharply with increase in production.

2907.

The laboratory scale design cannot be scaled up to industrial scale directly. Write any two points that need to be considered while going for industrial scale production.

Answer»

• Bulk purchase of chemicals and other raw materials would bring down costs.

• The labour cost decreases sharply with increase in production.

Discussion

2908.	How can the stability of protein be changed?
Answer» By substituting amino acids that either favour stabilizing interactions in a folded protein or destabilizing interactions in an inactive protein.

Discussion

2909.	In a variant of chymotrypsin, Asp 102 is replaced by Glu 102. Do you expect the enzyme to retain activity? Schematically indicate the role of amino acid residues participating in catalysis.
Answer» Negatively charged Asp 102 partially borrow hydrogen ion from His-57. His-57 attracts hydrogen ion from adjacent Ser 195 Serine 195 gets negative charge. Serine 195 makes a nucleophilic attack on the protein substrate.

2909.

In a variant of chymotrypsin, Asp 102 is replaced by Glu 102. Do you expect the enzyme to retain activity? Schematically indicate the role of amino acid residues participating in catalysis.

Answer»

Negatively charged Asp 102 partially borrow hydrogen ion from His-57. His-57 attracts hydrogen ion from adjacent Ser 195

Serine 195 gets negative charge.

Serine 195 makes a nucleophilic attack on the protein substrate.

Discussion

2910.	What are various biosafety issues in microbial technology?
Answer» Potential of genetically modified organisms (GMO) or recombinant strains to infect other organisms./Toxicity and allergy associated with the use of recombinant molecules./ Increasing the environmental pool of antibiotic resistant microorganisms or transfer of antibiotic resistant genes./Problems associated with the disposal of spent microbial biomass./Safety aspects associated with contamination, infection or mutation of process strains.

Discussion

2911.	Read the following excerpt carefully and answer the questions that follow. Travelling with the Mughal army Bernier often travelled with the army. This is an excerpt from his description of the army’s march to Kashmir: I am expected to keep two good Turkoman horses, and I also take with me a powerful Persian camel and driver, a groom for my horses, a cook and a servant to go before my horse with a flask of water in his hand, according to the custom of the country. I am also provided with every useful article, such as a tent of moderate size, a carpet, a portable bed made of four very strong but light canes, a pillow, a mattress, round leather table-cloths used at meals, some few napkins of dyed cloth, three small bags with culinary utensils which are all placed in a large bag, and this bag is again carried in a very capacious and strong double sack or net made of leather thongs. This double sack likewise contains the provisions, linen and wearing apparel, both of master and servants. I have taken care to lay in a stock of excellent rice for five or six days’ consumption, of sweet biscuits flavoured with anise (a herb), of limes and sugar. Nor have I forgotten a linen bag with its small iron hook for the purpose of suspending and draining dahi or curds; nothing being considered so refreshing in this country as lemonade and dahi. 1. Who was Bernier? To whom did he dedicate his most famous creations? 2. Write any two materials other than food given by him. 3. Write the things which were given to him to eat.
Answer» 1.(a) He was a French traveller. (b) He dedicated his most famous creations to French monarch Louis XIV. 2. (a) A cook , (b) A mattress 3. (a) Excellent rice (b) Sugar (c) Sweet Biscuits.

2911.

Read the following excerpt carefully and answer the questions that follow. Travelling with the Mughal army Bernier often travelled with the army. This is an excerpt from his description of the army’s march to Kashmir: I am expected to keep two good Turkoman horses, and I also take with me a powerful Persian camel and driver, a groom for my horses, a cook and a servant to go before my horse with a flask of water in his hand, according to the custom of the country. I am also provided with every useful article, such as a tent of moderate size, a carpet, a portable bed made of four very strong but light canes, a pillow, a mattress, round leather table-cloths used at meals, some few napkins of dyed cloth, three small bags with culinary utensils which are all placed in a large bag, and this bag is again carried in a very capacious and strong double sack or net made of leather thongs. This double sack likewise contains the provisions, linen and wearing apparel, both of master and servants. I have taken care to lay in a stock of excellent rice for five or six days’ consumption, of sweet biscuits flavoured with anise (a herb), of limes and sugar. Nor have I forgotten a linen bag with its small iron hook for the purpose of suspending and draining dahi or curds; nothing being considered so refreshing in this country as lemonade and dahi. 1. Who was Bernier? To whom did he dedicate his most famous creations? 2. Write any two materials other than food given by him. 3. Write the things which were given to him to eat.

Answer»

1.(a) He was a French traveller.

(b) He dedicated his most famous creations to French monarch Louis XIV.

2. (a) A cook ,

(b) A mattress

3. (a) Excellent rice

(b) Sugar

(c) Sweet Biscuits.

Discussion

2912.	Read the following excerpt carefully and answer the questions that follow. Buddhism in Practice This is an excerpt from the Sutta Pitaka, and contains the advice given by the Buddha to a wealthy householder named Sigala: In five ways should a master look after his servants and employees … by assigning them work according to their strength, by supplying them with food and wages, by tending them in sickness; by sharing delicacies with them and by granting leave at times … In five ways should the clansmen look after the needs of samanas (those who have renounced the world) and Brahmanas: by affection in act and speech and mind, by keeping open house to them and supplying their worldly needs. There are similar instructions to Sigala about how to behave with his parents, teacher and wife. 1. Write the internal functioning of the Buddhist Sanghas. 2. How should a master look after his servants and employees? 3. Who is being advised and by whom?
Answer» 1. (a) The internal functioning of the Buddhist Sangha was based on the traditions of gamas and sanghas. (b) Consensus were arrived at through mutual discussions. (c) If, they were unable to reach any consensus then decisions were taken by voting on the subject. 2.(a) By supplying them with food and wage. (b) By attending them in sickness. 3. (a) Buddha is advising to Sigala. (b) Sigala is a wealthy house holder.

2912.

Read the following excerpt carefully and answer the questions that follow. Buddhism in Practice This is an excerpt from the Sutta Pitaka, and contains the advice given by the Buddha to a wealthy householder named Sigala: In five ways should a master look after his servants and employees … by assigning them work according to their strength, by supplying them with food and wages, by tending them in sickness; by sharing delicacies with them and by granting leave at times … In five ways should the clansmen look after the needs of samanas (those who have renounced the world) and Brahmanas: by affection in act and speech and mind, by keeping open house to them and supplying their worldly needs. There are similar instructions to Sigala about how to behave with his parents, teacher and wife. 1. Write the internal functioning of the Buddhist Sanghas. 2. How should a master look after his servants and employees? 3. Who is being advised and by whom?

Answer»

1. (a) The internal functioning of the Buddhist Sangha was based on the traditions of gamas and sanghas.

(b) Consensus were arrived at through mutual discussions.

(c) If, they were unable to reach any consensus then decisions were taken by voting on the subject.

2.(a) By supplying them with food and wage.

(b) By attending them in sickness.

3. (a) Buddha is advising to Sigala.

(b) Sigala is a wealthy house holder.

Discussion

2913.	“Bombay was the commercial capital of colonial India.” Discuss.
Answer» 1. Bombay initially consisted of seven islands. 2. Due to the growth of population the islands were joined to create more space and then fused into one big city. 3. As an important port at western coast of India it became a centre of international trade. 4. By the end of the 19th century, half of India’s exports and imports transited through Bombay. 5. Opium was the most lucrative item of trade. 6. Opium was exported to China by the East India Company. 7. Indian merchants and middlemen participated in this trade and helped integrate Bombay’s economy directly to Malwa, Rajputana and Sind where opium was grown. 8. Participation of Indians and profits from trade led to the growth of an Indian Capitalist class. This class came from diverse communities-Marwari, Konkani, Muslims, Bohras and Jews.

2913.

“Bombay was the commercial capital of colonial India.” Discuss.

Answer»

1. Bombay initially consisted of seven islands.

2. Due to the growth of population the islands were joined to create more space and then fused into one big city.

3. As an important port at western coast of India it became a centre of international trade.

4. By the end of the 19th century, half of India’s exports and imports transited through Bombay.

5. Opium was the most lucrative item of trade.

6. Opium was exported to China by the East India Company.

7. Indian merchants and middlemen participated in this trade and helped integrate Bombay’s economy directly to Malwa, Rajputana and Sind where opium was grown.

8. Participation of Indians and profits from trade led to the growth of an Indian Capitalist class. This class came from diverse communities-Marwari, Konkani, Muslims, Bohras and Jews.

Discussion

2914.	“Madras was home to different communities.” Justify with suitable examples.
Answer» 1. The Dubasheer or Indians who could speak two languages, local language and english. They acted as the middlemen and suppliers of goods. 2. Their first work was to act as intermediaries between Indian society and the British. 3. They used their privileged position to acquire wealth. 4. The vellars, a rural caste took advantage of the new opportunities provided by British rule. 5. With the spread of English education, the Brahmans started competing for government jobs. 6. The Telegu ‘komatis’ a powerful commercial group controlled the grain trade in the city. 7. The Gujarati bankers were also present in large numbers. 8. The Paraiyas and Vanniyar formed the labouring community. Nearby Triplicane became the nucleus of a substantial Muslim settlement.

2914.

“Madras was home to different communities.” Justify with suitable examples.

Answer»

1. The Dubasheer or Indians who could speak two languages, local language and english. They acted as the middlemen and suppliers of goods.

2. Their first work was to act as intermediaries between Indian society and the British.

3. They used their privileged position to acquire wealth.

4. The vellars, a rural caste took advantage of the new opportunities provided by British rule.

5. With the spread of English education, the Brahmans started competing for government jobs.

6. The Telegu ‘komatis’ a powerful commercial group controlled the grain trade in the city.

7. The Gujarati bankers were also present in large numbers.

8. The Paraiyas and Vanniyar formed the labouring community. Nearby Triplicane became the nucleus of a substantial Muslim settlement.

Discussion

2915.	The terms Hindus and Muslims were not regarded as labels for religious communities before the 14th century”. Analyse.
Answer» 1. People were identified by the regions from which they came. 2. Tajikistan was known as Tajika and the Turkish rulers were known as Turushka. 3. The term mussalman or Muslims was not used between 8th– 14th centuries in Sanksrit texts and inscriptions. 4. Terms used for other peoples were applied to new migrants. Turks and Afghans were referred to as Shakas and Yavanas. 5. Another term used for migrants mlechcha mentioning that they did not observe the norms of the caste society and did not speak Sanskrit. 6. The terms such as mlechchas had a derogatory connotation. 7. It need to be noted that they did not pertain to a distinct religious community of muslims in opposition to Hindus.

2915.

The terms Hindus and Muslims were not regarded as labels for religious communities before the 14th century”. Analyse.

Answer»

1. People were identified by the regions from which they came.

2. Tajikistan was known as Tajika and the Turkish rulers were known as Turushka.

3. The term mussalman or Muslims was not used between 8th– 14th centuries in Sanksrit texts and inscriptions.

4. Terms used for other peoples were applied to new migrants. Turks and Afghans were referred to as Shakas and Yavanas.

5. Another term used for migrants mlechcha mentioning that they did not observe the norms of the caste society and did not speak Sanskrit.

6. The terms such as mlechchas had a derogatory connotation.

7. It need to be noted that they did not pertain to a distinct religious community of muslims in opposition to Hindus.

Discussion

2916.	On seeing the News paper headlines about the investigations of the heinous case of violence and cruelty regarding Ryan International School Pradyuman murder case of Gurugram, you felt deeply shocked and alarmed on the safety and security of the little ones. You decided to write a letter to the editor of a national daily mentioning the incident and stressing the need for creating a safe and secure environment in the school where the future of our nation may blossom. You are Ambhar/Anamika of C-15 New Delhi.
Answer» C-15 New Delhi 10 January 20XX The Editor The Times of India New Delhi Subject : Safety of School Children Sir, Through the columns of your reputed newspaper I wish to draw your attention towards the need of a safe and secure environment in the schools. The whole nation is shocked at the heinous murder of Pradyuman of Ryan International School, Gurugram. It was an extreme case of violence and cruelty which immediately drew everyone’s attention towards the safety and security of school children. It is the duty of the school to present cases of bullying abusing assaulting etc, in school. It is important to give morel teachings to students to organise a class which is free from any such ideas. Kindly publish this letter in your newspaper so that the school authorities wake up and provide a safe environment to the children and abide by the necessary requirements for the safety of students. Thanking You. Yours Sincerely Anamika

2916.

On seeing the News paper headlines about the investigations of the heinous case of violence and cruelty regarding Ryan International School Pradyuman murder case of Gurugram, you felt deeply shocked and alarmed on the safety and security of the little ones. You decided to write a letter to the editor of a national daily mentioning the incident and stressing the need for creating a safe and secure environment in the school where the future of our nation may blossom. You are Ambhar/Anamika of C-15 New Delhi.

Answer»

C-15

New Delhi

10 January 20XX

The Editor

The Times of India

New Delhi

Subject : Safety of School Children

Sir,

Through the columns of your reputed newspaper I wish to draw your attention towards the need of a safe and secure environment in the schools. The whole nation is shocked at the heinous murder of Pradyuman of Ryan International School, Gurugram. It was an extreme case of violence and cruelty which immediately drew everyone’s attention towards the safety and security of school children. It is the duty of the school to present cases of bullying abusing assaulting etc, in school. It is important to give morel teachings to students to organise a class which is free from any such ideas.

Kindly publish this letter in your newspaper so that the school authorities wake up and provide a safe environment to the children and abide by the necessary requirements for the safety of students.

Thanking You.

Yours Sincerely

Anamika

Discussion

2917.

In the passage given below there is a mistake in each line. Read it carefully and write the correction along with the mistake in your answer sheet.Educationist today are overwhelmingly(a) Educationistsconcern about the future of the youngsters(b)...........The common complaint is students doesn’t(c)..............study;they are not interested. Some blames(d)...............exposure to the media, others feels that the(e).............present generation are not serious enough(f).............The CBSE expresses this concern of reviewing(g)...............the syllabus for time to time. The idea is(h)...............to build a complete personality of an individual(i)............

Answer»

	Incorrect	Correct
(a)	educationist	educationists
(b)	concern	concerned
(c)	doesn’t	don’t
(d)	blames	blame
(e)	feels	feel
(f)	are	is
(g)	of	by
(h)	for	from
(i)	a	the

Discussion

2918.	Give reason:Magnesium and Beryllium do not give colour to the flame whereas other alkaline metals give.
Answer» Magnesium and beryllium do not give colour to the flame where as other alkaline metals give, because the electrons in magnesium and beryllium are too strongly bound to get excited by flame.

Discussion

2919.	Write the chemical reactions involved in the process of extraction of Gold. Explain the role of dilute NaCN and Zn in this process.
Answer» 4Au(s)+ 8CN^- (aq)+ 2H₂O(aq) +O₂(g) → 4[Au(CN) ] (aq) +4OH^- (aq) 2[Au(CN)₂]^- (aq) +Zn(s)→ [Zn(CN)₄]^2-(aq) +2Au(s) NaCN leaches gold/NaCN acts as a leacing agent / complexing agent Zn acts as reducing agent / Zn displaces gold.

2919.

Write the chemical reactions involved in the process of extraction of Gold. Explain the role of dilute NaCN and Zn in this process.

Answer»

4Au(s)+ 8CN^- (aq)+ 2H₂O(aq) +O₂(g) → 4[Au(CN) ] (aq) +4OH^- (aq)

2[Au(CN)₂]^- (aq) +Zn(s)→ [Zn(CN)₄]^2-(aq) +2Au(s)

NaCN leaches gold/NaCN acts as a leacing agent / complexing agent Zn acts as reducing agent / Zn displaces gold.

Discussion

2920.	Give reasons :E° value for Mn3+/Mn2+ couple is much more positive than that for Fe3+/Fe2+.
Answer» The comparatively high value for Mn shows that Mn²⁺(d⁵ ) is particularly stable / Much larger third ionisation energy of Mn (where the required change is from d⁵ to d⁴ ). Detailed Answer : (a) Because Mn²⁺ is more stable than Mn³⁺ due to half-filled d⁵ configuration whereas Fe²⁺ becomes unstable after loosing an electron from half filled orbital.

2920.

Give reasons :E° value for Mn3+/Mn2+ couple is much more positive than that for Fe3+/Fe2+.

Answer»

The comparatively high value for Mn shows that Mn²⁺(d⁵ ) is particularly stable / Much larger third ionisation energy of Mn (where the required change is from d⁵ to d⁴ ).

Detailed Answer :

(a) Because Mn²⁺ is more stable than Mn³⁺ due to half-filled d⁵ configuration whereas Fe²⁺ becomes unstable after loosing an electron from half filled orbital.

Discussion

2921.	Define rate of a reaction and specific rate constant.
Answer» Rate of a reaction : It is defined as the change in concentration of a reactant or product in unit time. Specific rate constant : It is defined as the rate of a chemical reaction when concentration of each reactant is taken as unity.

Discussion

2922.	What do you understand by the term ‘Green Revolution’?
Answer» Green revolution was started in India after independence when India was good insecure. Indian farmers used it for the production of major food crops like wheat and rice. They made use of the High Yielding Variety seeds, which produced much greater yield than the traditional seeds. However, they needed plenty of water, chemical fertilisers and pesticides to produce best results.

Discussion

2923.	(a) Who were the Banjaras?(b) Name any two states where they were found.(c) Name a pastoral community of Rajasthan.
Answer» (a) Banjaras were nomadic people who used to move from one region to another in search of good pasture land for their cattle. They moved over long distances, selling plough cattle and other goods to villagers. (b) They were found in Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. (c) A pastoral community of Rajasthan were the Raikas. The uncertainty and meagre rainfall in the desert region leading to fluctuating harvests made the Raikas combine both cultivation and pastoralism as means of occupation.

2923.

(a) Who were the Banjaras?(b) Name any two states where they were found.(c) Name a pastoral community of Rajasthan.

Answer»

(a) Banjaras were nomadic people who used to move from one region to another in search of good pasture land for their cattle. They moved over long distances, selling plough cattle and other goods to villagers.

(b) They were found in Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.

(c) A pastoral community of Rajasthan were the Raikas.
The uncertainty and meagre rainfall in the desert region leading to fluctuating harvests made the Raikas combine both cultivation and pastoralism as means of occupation.

Discussion

2924.	Explain the term ‘Development’. How is it linked with sustainability? Explain with example.
Answer» (i) Development is a process which has a notion of going further up and improving the quality of life. (ii) It is linked to sustainability since it has to be maintained for future generations. (iii) Resources need to be used wisely so that they can be replenished. (iv) Overuse of resources exhaust them. For example, petroleum. (v) If development is not sustainable, it will give rise to environmental degradation and become a global problem.

2924.

Explain the term ‘Development’. How is it linked with sustainability? Explain with example.

Answer»

(i) Development is a process which has a notion of going further up and improving the quality of life.

(ii) It is linked to sustainability since it has to be maintained for future generations.

(iii) Resources need to be used wisely so that they can be replenished.

(iv) Overuse of resources exhaust them. For example, petroleum.

(v) If development is not sustainable, it will give rise to environmental degradation and become a global problem.

Discussion

2925.	Write a note on Consumers International.
Answer» In 1985, United Nations adopted the guidelines for consumer protection. This was a tool for nations to adopt measures to protect consumers and for consumer advocacy groups to press their governments to do so. At the international level, this has become foundation for consumer movement. Today, Consumers International has become an umbrella body of 240 organisations from over 120 countries, in which India is one of them.

Discussion

2926.	What do you mean by conservatism? Highlight the main features of the beliefs.
Answer» Conservatism was a political philosophy that stressed the importance of the tradition and preferred gradual development to quick change. Features of the believers of conservatism: (1) Conservatism is a form of political philosophy that stressed the importance of tradition, and had beliefs in institutions and customs. It preferred gradual development rather than immediate change (2) Followers of this philosophy believed that traditional institutions like monarchy, Church, property etc should be preserved. (3) They were of the view that modernisation strengthen monarchy by creating efficient bureaucracy, dynamic economy, thereby destroying feudalism, and serfdom etc.

2926.

What do you mean by conservatism? Highlight the main features of the beliefs.

Answer»

Conservatism was a political philosophy that stressed the importance of the tradition and preferred gradual development to quick change.

Features of the believers of conservatism:

(1) Conservatism is a form of political philosophy that stressed the importance of tradition, and had beliefs in institutions and customs. It preferred gradual development rather than immediate change

(2) Followers of this philosophy believed that traditional institutions like monarchy, Church, property etc should be preserved.

(3) They were of the view that modernisation strengthen monarchy by creating efficient bureaucracy, dynamic economy, thereby destroying feudalism, and serfdom etc.

Discussion

2927.	“The Right to Information Act acts as a watchdog of democracy.” Explain.
Answer» The best laws are those which empower people to carry out -democratic reforms. The Right to Information Act empowers the people to find out the role of government and makes its functioning more transparent. The citizens have the right to ask what happened and how it happened. It helps them check corruption, malpractices, etc.

Discussion

2928.	By what means does hand spun khadi provide large scale employment to weavers?
Answer» It provides large scale employment to weavers as it is a cottage industry, can be set up at home.

Discussion

2929.	Handling of exports and imports on a large scale is done conveniently from the Kandla port. Why?
Answer» Kandla is a tidal port, hence large ship can enter and leave the port easily.

Discussion

2930.	Why do different persons have different notions of development? Which of the following explanation is more important and why?(a) because people are different.(b) because life situations of people are different
Answer» Different persons have different notions of development because life situations of persons are different. Development goals of a girl from a rich urban family will be surely different from a farmer in Rajasthan. It is because their situations, lifestyle and status are very different from each other. A goal which a person has entirely depends on his or her present life situation. Over a period of time if the situation changes, automatically goals of a person will also change.

Discussion

2931.	How social differences are based on accident of Birth?
Answer» Most of the social differences are based on accident of birth. It is the family in which he is born that determines the religion, caste, colour and race of a person. The social differences based on birth are very prominent. It is only by birth that these all characteristics are attributable.

Discussion

2932.	Read the following poem and answer the questions that follows: The parallel is obvious for those with eyes to seeFor all feel the same suffering, all the same miseryThe segregation of priviledged from those considered toolsThe state miseducation that makes all citizens foolsTaught that dogs and cats should be treated well as petsWhile in the cold laboratories same animals meet their deathsWith painful experimentation for more products to consumeA cheap way to make profits sends animals to their doom Consider factory farms with the animals crammed insideWith no access to daylight, from human eyes they hideNo real animal welfare, this would increase the costsThey’re treated as a commodity, as just profit or lossConsider circus animals or animals in the zooSlaves for your entertainment, suffer just to please youIn solitude they stay in their prison cage for monthsWith violence they are trained to perform unnatural stuntsConsider the tradition of killing just for funWhere birds are shot out of the sky for the pleasure of oneA dead corpse in a showcase for one to see and boastNo matter pointless killing is murder to the mostViolence to animals leads to violence to human beingsA culture of death does not have eyes for seeingAn all inclusive world makes it better for every beingAnimal liberation leads to human freeing1. What are the atrocities from which animals need to be liberated from2. Explain the plight of animals in the circus and the zoo.3. In what ways are animals are treated as commodities.4. What parallel is drawn by the poet between animal liberation and human liberation ?5. Explain the phrase – ‘send animals to their doom’.
Answer» (1) Segregation / painful experiments / deaths in laboratories / entertainment slaves / killing (2) Slaves for entertainment / suffer for man’s pleasure / isolated in crammed cages / suffer violence from trainers / forced to perform unnatural stunts (3) Sold for profit or loss / no care for welfare / crammed in factory farms / no access to day light (4) Suffer the same misery / world should be inclusive for both (5) Force animals to reach death and destructions

2932.

Read the following poem and answer the questions that follows: The parallel is obvious for those with eyes to seeFor all feel the same suffering, all the same miseryThe segregation of priviledged from those considered toolsThe state miseducation that makes all citizens foolsTaught that dogs and cats should be treated well as petsWhile in the cold laboratories same animals meet their deathsWith painful experimentation for more products to consumeA cheap way to make profits sends animals to their doom Consider factory farms with the animals crammed insideWith no access to daylight, from human eyes they hideNo real animal welfare, this would increase the costsThey’re treated as a commodity, as just profit or lossConsider circus animals or animals in the zooSlaves for your entertainment, suffer just to please youIn solitude they stay in their prison cage for monthsWith violence they are trained to perform unnatural stuntsConsider the tradition of killing just for funWhere birds are shot out of the sky for the pleasure of oneA dead corpse in a showcase for one to see and boastNo matter pointless killing is murder to the mostViolence to animals leads to violence to human beingsA culture of death does not have eyes for seeingAn all inclusive world makes it better for every beingAnimal liberation leads to human freeing1. What are the atrocities from which animals need to be liberated from2. Explain the plight of animals in the circus and the zoo.3. In what ways are animals are treated as commodities.4. What parallel is drawn by the poet between animal liberation and human liberation ?5. Explain the phrase – ‘send animals to their doom’.

Answer»

(1) Segregation / painful experiments / deaths in laboratories / entertainment slaves / killing

(2) Slaves for entertainment / suffer for man’s pleasure / isolated in crammed cages / suffer violence from trainers / forced to perform unnatural stunts

(3) Sold for profit or loss / no care for welfare / crammed in factory farms / no access to day light

(4) Suffer the same misery / world should be inclusive for both

(5) Force animals to reach death and destructions

Discussion

2933.	Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow: 1. The most spectacular and in many ways the most fundamental social change that the Gandhian movement effected in India is in respect of the position of women. Undoubtedly, women in ancient India enjoyed a much higher status than their descendents in the 18th and 19th century. From the earliest days, there have been many notable women in India – poets, scholars, administrators, social reformers and leaders of various movements. In fact, the 18th century produced women like Ahalyabai Holkar whose administration of Indore state was considered a model for all of India.2. Today’s woman is a highly self directed person, a life to the sense of her dignity and the importance of her functions in the private domestic domain and the public domain of the world of work. It has been brought to light across the globe that no enduring solution of society’s most threatening social, economic, environmental and political problems could be found without the participation and empowerment of women. The 1995 World Summit for Social Development had also emphasized the pivotal role of women in eradicating poverty and mending the social fabric. The Constitution of India had conferred on women equal rights and opportunities – political, social, educational and of employment. However, oppressive traditions, superstitions, exploitations and stereo typed mind sets keep them away from enjoying the rights and opportunities bestowed on them. One of the major reasons is the lack of literacy and awareness among women. Education is the main instrument through which we can narrow down the prevailing inequality and accelerate the process of economic and political change in the status of women.3. The role of women in a society is very important. Women’s education is the key to a better life in the future. A World Bank study says that educating girls is not a charity; it is good economics. The report also goes on to state that the economic and social returns on investments in education for the girls are substantial and probably greater than those for boys. As the female population forms nearly half of the national population, the poor performance on the front of female literacy considerably affects the human development index of the nation. Society would progress only if the status of women is respected and the presence of an educated woman in the family would ensure education of the family itself. Hence, education and empowerment of women are closely related.4. Swami Vivekananda rightly said, “It is impossible to think about the welfare of the world unless the condition of women is improved. It is impossible for a bird to fly on only one wing.” Women are not born, but made. It would.only be apt to analyze the position and space Indian women occupy today, and comparing it to the times sixty years ago when the country had just gained independence. With the women participating in nationalist movements to being pushed into the domestic household space, to their resurgence as the super-woman today, women in our country have seen it all.5. Women of India have started recognizing their true potential by breaking traditional barriers and earning a respectable position in the society. There is no arena which remains unconquered by them, be political, sport, technology, entertainment or even innovators. The modern Indian woman does not let social constraints to keep her behind, but prioritizes her education, her home and her career before anything else. Today, she is so deft and self sufficient that she can be easily called a super-woman juggling many fronts single handedly. They are proving their metal not only on the home front but also in their respective professions. They are joining universities and colleges in large numbers and entering specialized professional fields like engineering, medicine, space, research and development and the defense forces.6. Thus, the path towards total gender empowerment may be full of potholes but over the years women have made great strides in many areas with notable progress in reducing the gender gap.Questions:-(a) What keeps women away from enjoying the rights and opportunities due to them?(b) How does the education of women contribute to a nation’s economics?(c) In what ways can today’s Indian women be called ‘super-women’?(d) How has the modern Indian woman been able to bridge the gender gap?(e) Identify words from the passage which mean the following –(i) Amazing (para 1)(ii) Hasten (para 2)(iii) Revival (para 4)(f) What does ‘proving their metal’ phrase mean?(g) In what way is education and empowerment of women closely related?(h) Justify this statement in its contextual terms – ‘It is impossible for a bird to fly only on one wing’.
Answer» (a) Oppressive traditions / superstitions / exploitation / stereotype mind sets / lack of literacy and awareness (b) Substantial returns / social returns / human development index / education of family (c) Breaking traditional barriers / self sufficient / juggling many fronts / entering specialized professional fields (d) Education / joining universities and colleges / breaking traditional barriers (e) (i) spectacular (ii) accelerate (iii) resurgence (f) Showcasing their abilities, potential, talents, energy (g) Female literacy affects human development index / presence of educated woman in family (h) Society cannot progress without women not participating in national movements.

2933.

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow: 1. The most spectacular and in many ways the most fundamental social change that the Gandhian movement effected in India is in respect of the position of women. Undoubtedly, women in ancient India enjoyed a much higher status than their descendents in the 18th and 19th century. From the earliest days, there have been many notable women in India – poets, scholars, administrators, social reformers and leaders of various movements. In fact, the 18th century produced women like Ahalyabai Holkar whose administration of Indore state was considered a model for all of India.2. Today’s woman is a highly self directed person, a life to the sense of her dignity and the importance of her functions in the private domestic domain and the public domain of the world of work. It has been brought to light across the globe that no enduring solution of society’s most threatening social, economic, environmental and political problems could be found without the participation and empowerment of women. The 1995 World Summit for Social Development had also emphasized the pivotal role of women in eradicating poverty and mending the social fabric. The Constitution of India had conferred on women equal rights and opportunities – political, social, educational and of employment. However, oppressive traditions, superstitions, exploitations and stereo typed mind sets keep them away from enjoying the rights and opportunities bestowed on them. One of the major reasons is the lack of literacy and awareness among women. Education is the main instrument through which we can narrow down the prevailing inequality and accelerate the process of economic and political change in the status of women.3. The role of women in a society is very important. Women’s education is the key to a better life in the future. A World Bank study says that educating girls is not a charity; it is good economics. The report also goes on to state that the economic and social returns on investments in education for the girls are substantial and probably greater than those for boys. As the female population forms nearly half of the national population, the poor performance on the front of female literacy considerably affects the human development index of the nation. Society would progress only if the status of women is respected and the presence of an educated woman in the family would ensure education of the family itself. Hence, education and empowerment of women are closely related.4. Swami Vivekananda rightly said, “It is impossible to think about the welfare of the world unless the condition of women is improved. It is impossible for a bird to fly on only one wing.” Women are not born, but made. It would.only be apt to analyze the position and space Indian women occupy today, and comparing it to the times sixty years ago when the country had just gained independence. With the women participating in nationalist movements to being pushed into the domestic household space, to their resurgence as the super-woman today, women in our country have seen it all.5. Women of India have started recognizing their true potential by breaking traditional barriers and earning a respectable position in the society. There is no arena which remains unconquered by them, be political, sport, technology, entertainment or even innovators. The modern Indian woman does not let social constraints to keep her behind, but prioritizes her education, her home and her career before anything else. Today, she is so deft and self sufficient that she can be easily called a super-woman juggling many fronts single handedly. They are proving their metal not only on the home front but also in their respective professions. They are joining universities and colleges in large numbers and entering specialized professional fields like engineering, medicine, space, research and development and the defense forces.6. Thus, the path towards total gender empowerment may be full of potholes but over the years women have made great strides in many areas with notable progress in reducing the gender gap.Questions:-(a) What keeps women away from enjoying the rights and opportunities due to them?(b) How does the education of women contribute to a nation’s economics?(c) In what ways can today’s Indian women be called ‘super-women’?(d) How has the modern Indian woman been able to bridge the gender gap?(e) Identify words from the passage which mean the following –(i) Amazing (para 1)(ii) Hasten (para 2)(iii) Revival (para 4)(f) What does ‘proving their metal’ phrase mean?(g) In what way is education and empowerment of women closely related?(h) Justify this statement in its contextual terms – ‘It is impossible for a bird to fly only on one wing’.

Answer»

(a) Oppressive traditions / superstitions / exploitation / stereotype mind sets / lack of literacy and awareness

(b) Substantial returns / social returns / human development index / education of family

(c) Breaking traditional barriers / self sufficient / juggling many fronts / entering specialized professional fields

(d) Education / joining universities and colleges / breaking traditional barriers

(e) (i) spectacular

(ii) accelerate

(iii) resurgence

(f) Showcasing their abilities, potential, talents, energy

(g) Female literacy affects human development index / presence of educated woman in family

(h) Society cannot progress without women not participating in national movements.

Discussion

2934.	The following passage has not been edited. There is one error in each of the lines. Write the error and the correction in your answer book against the correct blank number. Remember to underline the word that you have supplied. The first one has been done as an example:(a) Dance is an art form is(b) well-known, for dance as a(c) therapy is not known in many(d) Dance therapy involves a synthesis(e) of the grace and vigour on Indian(f) classical or folk dance movement(g) into a innovative holistic therapy.
Answer» Error Correction (b) for but (c) in to (d) a the (e) on of (f) or and (g) a an

2934.

The following passage has not been edited. There is one error in each of the lines. Write the error and the correction in your answer book against the correct blank number. Remember to underline the word that you have supplied. The first one has been done as an example:(a) Dance is an art form is(b) well-known, for dance as a(c) therapy is not known in many(d) Dance therapy involves a synthesis(e) of the grace and vigour on Indian(f) classical or folk dance movement(g) into a innovative holistic therapy.

Answer»

Error Correction

(b) for but

(c) in to

(d) a the

(e) on of

(f) or and

(g) a an

Discussion

2935.	What is the difference between a protagonist and an antagonist?
Answer» a protagonist s a leading actor who supports a cause,while the antagonist is his adversary who creates hurdle in his path of glory.a protagonist gets our love and sympathy whereas the antagonist gets our hatred and anger.

Discussion

2936.	Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow: " I leant upon a coppice gateWhen front was spectre - grayAnd winter’s dregs made desolate The weakening eye of day?(a) Name the poem and poet (b) What is the significance of ‘gate’ in relation to the time the poem was written? (c) Name and explain the figure of speech in the last line of the extract. (d) What are the features of the season that have been described here? (e) What is the mood of the poet?
Answer» (a) The Darkling Thrush / Thomas Hardy (b) entry and exit point to a new century. (c) Metaphor - Sun compared to eyes (d) Description of winter - frost all over - spectre gray - desolate picture - setting sun further weakened by the surroundings. (e) Poet shares the gloom and the dullness that surround him - cheerless existence – fervourless

2936.

Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow: " I leant upon a coppice gateWhen front was spectre - grayAnd winter’s dregs made desolate The weakening eye of day?(a) Name the poem and poet (b) What is the significance of ‘gate’ in relation to the time the poem was written? (c) Name and explain the figure of speech in the last line of the extract. (d) What are the features of the season that have been described here? (e) What is the mood of the poet?

Answer»

(a) The Darkling Thrush / Thomas Hardy

(b) entry and exit point to a new century.

(c) Metaphor - Sun compared to eyes

(d) Description of winter - frost all over - spectre gray - desolate picture - setting sun further weakened by the surroundings.

(e) Poet shares the gloom and the dullness that surround him - cheerless existence – fervourless

Discussion

2937.	Which focal points of drama seem most important in Street theatre?
Answer» The role of dialogue is to reveal character and add layers to the drama.In a play, practically the entire story is carried out on the shoulders of the dialogue. dialogue has to fit the tone and the pacing of the entire work, and it must be written in a way that it can be uttered much more easily. First and foremost, dialogue unveils characters. A playwright needs to have a good idea who his main players are and who they will become at the end of the play, inside and out. Characters in a play speak through their own vocabulary, accent, and life experiences.

2937.

Which focal points of drama seem most important in Street theatre?

Answer»

The role of dialogue is to reveal character and add layers to the drama.In a play, practically the entire story is carried out on the shoulders of the dialogue. dialogue has to fit the tone and the pacing of the entire work, and it must be written in a way that it can be uttered much more easily.

First and foremost, dialogue unveils characters. A playwright needs to have a good idea who his main players are and who they will become at the end of the play, inside and out. Characters in a play speak through their own vocabulary, accent, and life experiences.

Discussion

2938.	Mention any three legislative powers of the President of India.
Answer» Three legislative powers of the President of India are: (i) The President is not a member of either house of the Parliament. But she is an integral part of the legislative process. She plays an important role in making of laws. (ii) The President has the power to dissolve the Lok -Sabha. She can summon joint sitting of both houses of Parliament. (iii) The President has the power to send messages to either house of the Parliament either regarding any pending bill or any other matter.

2938.

Mention any three legislative powers of the President of India.

Answer»

Three legislative powers of the President of India are:

(i) The President is not a member of either house of the Parliament. But she is an integral part of the legislative process. She plays an important role in making of laws.

(ii) The President has the power to dissolve the Lok -Sabha. She can summon joint sitting of both houses of Parliament.

(iii) The President has the power to send messages to either house of the Parliament either regarding any pending bill or any other matter.

Discussion

2939.	Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow: “ Oh! In such moments can I crush The grass beneath my feet?Ah no; the grass has then a voiceIts heart – I hear it beat”(a) Name the poem and the poet. (b) What does the poet mean by such moments? (c) What has triggered such moments? (d) What can’t ‘I’ bear to crush the grass beneath his feet?(e) What is the most outstanding quality expressed in these lines?
Answer» (a) A walk by Moonlight/Henry Derozio (b) moments of deep spiritual insight /heightened sensitivity - when poet feels that he is allied to the bliss of nature he experiences (c) A walk by Moonlight with friends (d) he is awakened to the fact that Nature has life - it has a purpose to stir us (e) sensitivity

2939.

Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow: “ Oh! In such moments can I crush The grass beneath my feet?Ah no; the grass has then a voiceIts heart – I hear it beat”(a) Name the poem and the poet. (b) What does the poet mean by such moments? (c) What has triggered such moments? (d) What can’t ‘I’ bear to crush the grass beneath his feet?(e) What is the most outstanding quality expressed in these lines?

Answer»

(a) A walk by Moonlight/Henry Derozio

(b) moments of deep spiritual insight /heightened sensitivity - when poet feels that he is allied to the bliss of nature he experiences

(c) A walk by Moonlight with friends

(d) he is awakened to the fact that Nature has life - it has a purpose to stir us

(e) sensitivity

Discussion

2940.	Why is the growth rate in agriculture decelerating? How did the Government of India make efforts to modernise agriculture? Explain.
Answer» (i) The Indian government is going ahead with reduction in the public investment in the agriculture sector particularly in irrigation, power, rural roads, market and mechanisation. (ii) Subsidy on fertilisers is decreased leading to increase in the cost of production. (iii) Reduction in import duties on agricultural products have proved detrimental to agriculture in the country. (iv) Farmers are withdrawing their investment from agriculture causing a downfall in the employment in agriculture.

2940.

Why is the growth rate in agriculture decelerating? How did the Government of India make efforts to modernise agriculture? Explain.

Answer»

(i) The Indian government is going ahead with reduction in the public investment in the agriculture sector particularly in irrigation, power, rural roads, market and mechanisation.

(ii) Subsidy on fertilisers is decreased leading to increase in the cost of production.

(iii) Reduction in import duties on agricultural products have proved detrimental to agriculture in the country.

(iv) Farmers are withdrawing their investment from agriculture causing a downfall in the employment in agriculture.

Discussion

2941.	Discuss the broad guidelines to be kept in mind while devising ways for political reforms in India.
Answer» There are some broad guidelines to be kept in mind while devising ways for political reforms in India. These are (i) Just by introducing new laws, we cannot overcome challenges to democracy. Democratic reforms must be carried out mainly by political activists, parties, movements and politically conscious citizens. (ii) Any legal change must look at what results it will have on politics. Sometimes, the results may be counter productive. For example, many states have banned people who have more than two children from contesting the Panchayat elections. This has resulted in denying opportunity to many poor and women. (iii) The Right to Information Act is a good example of a law that empowers the people to find out what is happening in the government, and acts as watchdog of democracy. Such laws help to control corruption. (iv) The most important concern should be to increase and improve the quality of political participation by ordinary citizens.

2941.

Discuss the broad guidelines to be kept in mind while devising ways for political reforms in India.

Answer»

There are some broad guidelines to be kept in mind while devising ways for political reforms in India. These are

(i) Just by introducing new laws, we cannot overcome challenges to democracy. Democratic reforms must be carried out mainly by political activists, parties, movements and politically conscious citizens.

(ii) Any legal change must look at what results it will have on politics. Sometimes, the results may be counter productive.

For example, many states have banned people who have more than two children from contesting the Panchayat elections. This has resulted in denying opportunity to many poor and women.

(iii) The Right to Information Act is a good example of a law that empowers the people to find out what is happening in the government, and acts as watchdog of democracy. Such laws help to control corruption.

(iv) The most important concern should be to increase and improve the quality of political participation by ordinary citizens.

Discussion

2942.	As the author sits in the garden, what questions does the mind speculate on? What is the effect of such questions on the essay?
Answer» Whether hum is in itself delightful or if its delightfulness depends on its surroundings or whether it depends on its association with past springs. Beauty of 'Hum' is affirmed by general voice of mankind - essay deals with the pleasure of reminiscences - how it transforms man and makes life delightful for him - awakens man's senses.

Discussion

2943.	Read the story given below and answer the questions that follow:- I was driven one afternoon in November, 1896, by a rain of such chilling copiousness that any shelter was preferable to exposure. Now I found myself upon an apparently abandoned road which I had chosen as the shortest cut to Arkham, overtaken by the storm at a point far from any town, and confronted with no refuge save the antique and repellent wooden building which blinked with bleared windows from between two huge leafless elms near the foot of a rocky hill. Distant though it is from the remnant of a road, this house none the less impressed me unfavorably the very moment I espied it.I had somehow taken it for granted that the house was abandoned, yet as I approached it I was not so sure, for though the walks were indeed overgrown with weeds, they seemed to retain their nature a little too well to argue complete desertion. Therefore instead of trying the door I knocked, feeling as I did so a trepidation I could scarcely explain. As I waited on the rough, mossy rock which served as a door-step, I glanced at the neighboring windows and the panes of the transom above me, and noticed that although old, rattling, and almost opaque with dirt, they were not broken. The building, then, must still be inhabited, despite its isolation and general neglect. However, my rapping evoked no response, so after repeating the summons I tried the rusty latch and found the door unfastened. Inside was a little vestibule with walls from which the plaster was falling, and through the doorway came a faint but peculiarly hateful odor.I entered, carrying my bicycle, and closed the door behind me. Ahead rose a narrow staircase, flanked by a small door probably leading to the cellar, while to the left and right were closed doors leading to rooms on the ground floor.Leaning my cycle against the wall I opened the door at the left, and crossed into a small low-celled chamber but dimly lighted by its two dusty windows and furnished in the barest and most primitive possible way.On the basis of your understanding of the passage answer the following :(a) What does the author mean when he says, “ this house nonetheless impressed me unfavorably” (b) What kind of weather is described in the beginning of the passage?(c) Why did he think that the house was abandoned? (d) What was the condition of the house? (e) Why did he enter the room? (f) Find out a word from the story which means the same as --”not clear because of mist /dirt etc.
Answer» (a) Because he was scared and didn’t want to go inside the house . b. It was raining heavily. (c) It was Distant from the remnant of a road . (d) The house was old, rattling, and almost opaque with dirt, they were not broken. The latch was rusty and. Inside was a little vestibule with walls from which the plaster was falling, and through the doorway came a faint but peculiarly hateful odor. (e) It was raining heavily and there was no other place to seek shelter. (f) opaque

2943.

Read the story given below and answer the questions that follow:- I was driven one afternoon in November, 1896, by a rain of such chilling copiousness that any shelter was preferable to exposure. Now I found myself upon an apparently abandoned road which I had chosen as the shortest cut to Arkham, overtaken by the storm at a point far from any town, and confronted with no refuge save the antique and repellent wooden building which blinked with bleared windows from between two huge leafless elms near the foot of a rocky hill. Distant though it is from the remnant of a road, this house none the less impressed me unfavorably the very moment I espied it.I had somehow taken it for granted that the house was abandoned, yet as I approached it I was not so sure, for though the walks were indeed overgrown with weeds, they seemed to retain their nature a little too well to argue complete desertion. Therefore instead of trying the door I knocked, feeling as I did so a trepidation I could scarcely explain. As I waited on the rough, mossy rock which served as a door-step, I glanced at the neighboring windows and the panes of the transom above me, and noticed that although old, rattling, and almost opaque with dirt, they were not broken. The building, then, must still be inhabited, despite its isolation and general neglect. However, my rapping evoked no response, so after repeating the summons I tried the rusty latch and found the door unfastened. Inside was a little vestibule with walls from which the plaster was falling, and through the doorway came a faint but peculiarly hateful odor.I entered, carrying my bicycle, and closed the door behind me. Ahead rose a narrow staircase, flanked by a small door probably leading to the cellar, while to the left and right were closed doors leading to rooms on the ground floor.Leaning my cycle against the wall I opened the door at the left, and crossed into a small low-celled chamber but dimly lighted by its two dusty windows and furnished in the barest and most primitive possible way.On the basis of your understanding of the passage answer the following :(a) What does the author mean when he says, “ this house nonetheless impressed me unfavorably” (b) What kind of weather is described in the beginning of the passage?(c) Why did he think that the house was abandoned? (d) What was the condition of the house? (e) Why did he enter the room? (f) Find out a word from the story which means the same as --”not clear because of mist /dirt etc.

Answer»

(a) Because he was scared and didn’t want to go inside the house . b. It was raining heavily.

(c) It was Distant from the remnant of a road .

(d) The house was old, rattling, and almost opaque with dirt, they were not broken. The latch was rusty and. Inside was a little vestibule with walls from which the plaster was falling, and through the doorway came a faint but peculiarly hateful odor.

(e) It was raining heavily and there was no other place to seek shelter.

(f) opaque

Discussion

2944.	Describe any three broad guidelines for devising ways and means for political reforms in India.
Answer» One important political reforms should be done for improving democracy in India. These are (i) A law should be made to regulate the internal affairs of political parties. Political parties should maintain a register of its members, to hold open elections, to follow its own Constitution, etc. (ii) Political parties can be monitored by ordinary citizens, pressure groups, media, etc. Pressure on political parties can be done through petitions, publicity and agitation. (iii) The quality of democracy depends on the degree of public participation. It is difficult to reform politics if ordinary citizens do not directly participate in politics and simply criticise it from outside. Thus, the participation of common people in politics is necessary for democracy.

2944.

Describe any three broad guidelines for devising ways and means for political reforms in India.

Answer»

One important political reforms should be done for improving democracy in India. These are

(i) A law should be made to regulate the internal affairs of political parties. Political parties should maintain a register of its members, to hold open elections, to follow its own Constitution, etc.

(ii) Political parties can be monitored by ordinary citizens, pressure groups, media, etc. Pressure on political parties can be done through petitions, publicity and agitation.

(iii) The quality of democracy depends on the degree of public participation. It is difficult to reform politics if ordinary citizens do not directly participate in politics and simply criticise it from outside. Thus, the participation of common people in politics is necessary for democracy.

Discussion

2945.	How was Anne responsible for Marian's and her own unhappiness and inadequacy? Which incident becomes an eye - opener for them? How does it help Anne transform into a perfect mother?
Answer» Anne's predicament - trying to protect /save her child - did not allow her child to bloom. Every time she succumbed to her thoughts, daughter's inability / shortcomings came forward - overprotective ways of Anne - Despondent. Freda's arrival - the two girls playing so well - perfect, brighter. Eye - opener for Anne.

Discussion

2946.	Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: Yoga Tourism opens up tremendous opportunities as it is for everyone. People of all generations and fitness levels can find classes suitable for them.The practice of Yoga also helps one to achieve peace and tranquility through focused training. At the time when job responsibilities, kids’ needs, spouse’s demands, and never-ending to-do lists can easily overwhelm us, yoga teaches us to relax, de-clutter our minds, and create a space for ourselves where we can be happy and at peace with ourselves.There are many forms of ‘yoga’ one can pursue, depending on one’s preferences and lifestyles. There is relaxation yoga where breathing exercises and meditation techniques are stressed upon; there is power yoga for those who are looking to increase their body’s stamina and resistance power; there is prenatal yoga for pregnant women, and there is Hatha Yoga for beginners who want to learn basic postures at a comfortable pace.We need to remember that 'Yoga' for Indians and 'Yoga' for foreigners is not the same thing. Many American yoga students, for example, are fiercely independent and self-reliant. For some, yoga is a not-too-strenuous way to lose fat effectively, or reduce their stress. For others, yoga might mean doing strenuous postures to become more flexible, firm up their abs, or attain slender muscularity. Others might be looking for ways to reverse the onset of lifestyle diseases like diabetes and arthritis. This commodification of 'Yoga' is crucial today, if you want to earn from it.June 21 has created an opportunity for the entire Indian travel and tourism fraternity to boost inbound tourism to the country. Yoga tours are already being conducted regularly, with clientele from France, USA, Germany, Russia, and several other countries. With the World Yoga Day branding, the Yoga is now known all over the world, and the niche tourism products in the field with dedicated Yoga packages are bound to do well in such a scenario. Yoga tourism is not only good for ashram services sector but also for hospitality sector in general. Besides foreign tourists, corporate houses and companies from India and abroad popularly opt for Yoga sessions for their employees as offsite training programmes. It presents several more opportunities for those who are working for the tourism industry.Here is a word of caution though. Despite all the branding and marketing efforts, Yoga tourism can only pick up when we offer quality to the tourists. India has an edge over countries because the trips to India are moderately priced and offer several budget options too. It is also believed to be the country where roots of Yoga lie. If you can build upon premise, and offer world-class services and real results to wellness ourists, you are bound to do well as Yoga tourism operator, trainer or service provider.On the basis of your understanding of the passage answer the following:--(a) Would you want to visit a country for yoga tourism? Why or why not? (b) What drawbacks do you think yoga tourists might find in India? (c) How are power yoga and relaxation yoga different? (d) How can yoga tourism be encouraged in India?(e) Find words from the passage which mean the same as the following:- (i) calmness (ii) capable of bending
Answer» (a) No , there is no need to visit other countries specially when India is so rich in Yoga . (b) The foreigners do not find yoga too-strenuous way to lose fat effectively, or reduce their stress. For them yoga means doing strenuous postures to become more flexible, firm up their abs, or attain slender muscularity. Others might be looking for ways to reverse the onset of lifestyle diseases like diabetes and arthritis. (c) In relaxation yoga breathing exercises and meditation techniques are stressed upon; whereas in power yoga body’s stamina and resistance is increased (d) when we offer quality to the tourists (e) (i) tranquility , (ii) flexible

2946.

Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: Yoga Tourism opens up tremendous opportunities as it is for everyone. People of all generations and fitness levels can find classes suitable for them.The practice of Yoga also helps one to achieve peace and tranquility through focused training. At the time when job responsibilities, kids’ needs, spouse’s demands, and never-ending to-do lists can easily overwhelm us, yoga teaches us to relax, de-clutter our minds, and create a space for ourselves where we can be happy and at peace with ourselves.There are many forms of ‘yoga’ one can pursue, depending on one’s preferences and lifestyles. There is relaxation yoga where breathing exercises and meditation techniques are stressed upon; there is power yoga for those who are looking to increase their body’s stamina and resistance power; there is prenatal yoga for pregnant women, and there is Hatha Yoga for beginners who want to learn basic postures at a comfortable pace.We need to remember that 'Yoga' for Indians and 'Yoga' for foreigners is not the same thing. Many American yoga students, for example, are fiercely independent and self-reliant. For some, yoga is a not-too-strenuous way to lose fat effectively, or reduce their stress. For others, yoga might mean doing strenuous postures to become more flexible, firm up their abs, or attain slender muscularity. Others might be looking for ways to reverse the onset of lifestyle diseases like diabetes and arthritis. This commodification of 'Yoga' is crucial today, if you want to earn from it.June 21 has created an opportunity for the entire Indian travel and tourism fraternity to boost inbound tourism to the country. Yoga tours are already being conducted regularly, with clientele from France, USA, Germany, Russia, and several other countries. With the World Yoga Day branding, the Yoga is now known all over the world, and the niche tourism products in the field with dedicated Yoga packages are bound to do well in such a scenario. Yoga tourism is not only good for ashram services sector but also for hospitality sector in general. Besides foreign tourists, corporate houses and companies from India and abroad popularly opt for Yoga sessions for their employees as offsite training programmes. It presents several more opportunities for those who are working for the tourism industry.Here is a word of caution though. Despite all the branding and marketing efforts, Yoga tourism can only pick up when we offer quality to the tourists. India has an edge over countries because the trips to India are moderately priced and offer several budget options too. It is also believed to be the country where roots of Yoga lie. If you can build upon premise, and offer world-class services and real results to wellness ourists, you are bound to do well as Yoga tourism operator, trainer or service provider.On the basis of your understanding of the passage answer the following:--(a) Would you want to visit a country for yoga tourism? Why or why not? (b) What drawbacks do you think yoga tourists might find in India? (c) How are power yoga and relaxation yoga different? (d) How can yoga tourism be encouraged in India?(e) Find words from the passage which mean the same as the following:- (i) calmness (ii) capable of bending

Answer»

(a) No , there is no need to visit other countries specially when India is so rich in Yoga .

(b) The foreigners do not find yoga too-strenuous way to lose fat effectively, or reduce their stress. For them yoga means doing strenuous postures to become more flexible, firm up their abs, or attain slender muscularity. Others might be looking for ways to reverse the onset of lifestyle diseases like diabetes and arthritis.

(c) In relaxation yoga breathing exercises and meditation techniques are stressed upon; whereas in power yoga body’s stamina and resistance is increased

(d) when we offer quality to the tourists

(e) (i) tranquility ,

(ii) flexible

Discussion

2947.	According to Nehru, why do people avoid action? How does danger add zest to life?
Answer» Man is afraid of action (of consequences) - they try to escape into the world of thought and imagination - afraid of the risk and danger that it entails. Danger adds rest to life - looks terrible only from a distance - not bad as one gets closer - a pleasant companion - enlivens life. Danger makes our perception keener - sense of accomplishment - joy of life becomes more intense. If thoughts are transformed into action - it becomes useless

Discussion

2948.	Einstein's third motivation will help to render that education which will remain even when one has forgotten everything he learned in school. Discuss how such motivation will be beneficial for students in general and why all schools should adopt such.
Answer» Einstein's third motivation will create a loving interest and a desire for truth & understanding - a pleasure in satisfaction, in work & in results. Knowledge of the value of the result to the community - awaken and strengthen psychological foundation.Schools should adopt such a form to induce pupils to diligent work - create pleasure in work - artist - like workmanship. - create child like desire for recognition to guide a child to important fields of society.

Discussion

2949.	How did the Invisible man meet his end?
Answer» A long chase down road - Port Burdock Kemp finds no help on the long road - a couple of road - laying labourers Kemp shouts for help - the men around blindly hit with shovels - the invisible man catches hold of Kemp - a big fight between the crowd and the Invisible man - savage kicking by the crowd - shout of the Invisible man heard "Mercy! Mercy!" The Invisible man was down lying and possibly dead. Slowly his body became visible. One could see his crushed chest and broken shoulders - dim outline of his battered feathers.

Discussion

2950.	Describe the episode of the unveiling of the stranger at Hall's Inn.
Answer» Argument between Mrs. Hall and the stranger about payment of bills - Mrs. Hall suspicious about the stranger's involvement in the burglary - also asks a few pertinent questions, how he entered the empty room and the noise constantly heard in his room - in utter frustration he revealed himself - removed the wrapper on his face - only a black empty space - hat, spectacles, bandages when fully removed - the sight of a headless body sent people fleeing in horror.

Discussion

Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

Write relationship of Freundlich’s adsorption isotherm.

Write the names of the monomers of the following polymers :(a) Nylon-6(b) Buna-N

Give reasons for the following observations : (a) Physisorption decreases with an increase in temperature.(b) Addition of alum purifies water.(c) Brownian movement stabilizes colloidal solutions.

Differentiate between somaclones and gametoclones. Who proposed the term somaclones?

What are the various interactions that stabilize a folded protein?

The laboratory scale design cannot be scaled up to industrial scale directly. Write any two points that need to be considered while going for industrial scale production.

How can the stability of protein be changed?

In a variant of chymotrypsin, Asp 102 is replaced by Glu 102. Do you expect the enzyme to retain activity? Schematically indicate the role of amino acid residues participating in catalysis.

What are various biosafety issues in microbial technology?

“Bombay was the commercial capital of colonial India.” Discuss.

“Madras was home to different communities.” Justify with suitable examples.

The terms Hindus and Muslims were not regarded as labels for religious communities before the 14th century”. Analyse.

Give reason:Magnesium and Beryllium do not give colour to the flame whereas other alkaline metals give.

Write the chemical reactions involved in the process of extraction of Gold. Explain the role of dilute NaCN and Zn in this process.

Give reasons :E° value for Mn3+/Mn2+ couple is much more positive than that for Fe3+/Fe2+.

Define rate of a reaction and specific rate constant.

What do you understand by the term ‘Green Revolution’?

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Explain the term ‘Development’. How is it linked with sustainability? Explain with example.

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What do you mean by conservatism? Highlight the main features of the beliefs.

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By what means does hand spun khadi provide large scale employment to weavers?

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Why do different persons have different notions of development? Which of the following explanation is more important and why?(a) because people are different.(b) because life situations of people are different

How social differences are based on accident of Birth?

What is the difference between a protagonist and an antagonist?

Which focal points of drama seem most important in Street theatre?

Mention any three legislative powers of the President of India.

Why is the growth rate in agriculture decelerating? How did the Government of India make efforts to modernise agriculture? Explain.

Discuss the broad guidelines to be kept in mind while devising ways for political reforms in India.

As the author sits in the garden, what questions does the mind speculate on? What is the effect of such questions on the essay?

Describe any three broad guidelines for devising ways and means for political reforms in India.

How was Anne responsible for Marian's and her own unhappiness and inadequacy? Which incident becomes an eye - opener for them? How does it help Anne transform into a perfect mother?

According to Nehru, why do people avoid action? How does danger add zest to life?

Einstein's third motivation will help to render that education which will remain even when one has forgotten everything he learned in school. Discuss how such motivation will be beneficial for students in general and why all schools should adopt such.

How did the Invisible man meet his end?

Describe the episode of the unveiling of the stranger at Hall's Inn.