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Business ethics refer to the socially determined set of moral principles which should govern business activities.

(a) Promotion 

(b) Incorporation 

(c) Subscription of capital 

(d) Commencement of Business

(a) Equity share capital 

(b) Retained earnings.

The share in the share capital of the company.

The ideal quick ratio is 1:1

“A promoter is the one, who undertakes to form a company with reference to a given object and sets it going and takes the necessary steps to accomplish that purpose.” —Justice C.J. Cokburn.

“A promoter is the person conscious of the possibility of transforming an idea into a business capable of yielding a profit; who brings together various persons concerned and who finally, superintendents the various steps necessary to bring the new business into existence.” —Arthur Dewing

A Departmental Store is a fixed shop large retailer establishment offering a wide variety of products, classified into well defined departments, aimed at satisfying practically every customers, need under one roof.

Any industry located in a rural area produces any goods, renders any service with or without the use of power and in which the fixed capital investment per head or worker is specified by the Central Government from time to time.

Licensing is a contractual arrangement in which one firm grants access to its patents, trade senates or technology to an other firm in a foreign country for a faecaloid regality.

Grant of rights by one party to another for use of technology, trade mark and patents relating to services in return of the agreed payment for a certain period of time.

A Bill of lading is an official receipt or document issued by the shipping company as an evidence that the company has accepted the goods carrying to the designated destination. it is issued by the shipping company it the exporter or his agent.

(a) An economic activity : Business is done to earn profits by producing and exchanging goods and services. 

(b) Production or procurement of goods and services : Business involves production or procurement of goods and services having utility for consumers. 

(c) Sale or exchange of goods and services : Exchange of goods and services on regular basis for price. 

(d) Profit earning : Business is done with an objective to maximise profits by producing and exchanging the goods and services for price.

(a) Consolidation.

(b) Stock piling.

(c) Value–added services.

(d) Price stabilisation.

Detailed Answer : 

(a) Consolidation : Warehouse receives and consolidates material, goods from different production plants and dispatches the same to a particular customer on a single transportation shipment. 

(b) Stock piling : The next function of warehousing is the seasonal storage of goods to select businesses. They are made available to business depending on customers' demand. 

(c) Value-added services : Certain value-added services are also provided by the warehouses such as in transit mixing, packaging and labelling. Grading of goods according to quantity and dividing goods in smaller lots is also done. 

(d) Price stabilisation : By adjusting the supply of goods with the demand situation, warehousing performs the function of stabilising prices.

Features of an MNC are explained below :

(i) Huge Assets and Turnover:

Because of operations on a global basis, MNCs have huge physical and financial assets. This also results in huge turnover (sales) of MNCs. In fact, in terms of assets and turnover, many MNCs are bigger than national economies of several countries.

(ii) International Operations Through a Network of Branches:

MNCs have production and marketing operations in several countries; operating through a network of branches, subsidiaries and affiliates in host countries.

(iii) Unity of Control:

MNCs are characterized by unity of control. MNCs control business activities of their branches in foreign countries through head office located in the home country. Managements of branches operate within the policy framework of the parent corporation.

(iv) Mighty Economic Power:

MNCs are powerful economic entities. They keep on adding to their economic power through constant mergers and acquisitions of companies, in host countries.

(v) Advanced and Sophisticated Technology:

Generally, a MNC has at its command advanced and sophisticated technology. It employs capital intensive technology in manufacturing and marketing.

(vi) Professional Management:

A MNC employs professionally trained managers to handle huge funds, advanced technology and international business operations.

(a) Acceptance of deposit.

(b) Lending of funds.

(c) Cheque facilities.

(d) Remittances funds.

(e) Allied services.

Detailed Answer : 

The main functions of commercial banks are described below : 

(a) Collection of deposits : One of the basic and primary functions of commercial banks is that they accept deposits from their clients. The depositors can withdraw their money from their accounts in the form of cash or through cheques and drafts. 

(b) Granting loans : Banks grant loans to industry, trade and commerce. The banks lend the money which they get in the form of deposits. The funds lent out by banks help in the development of trade and industry. 

(c) Collection of cheques and bills : Banks collect the cheques for their customers drawn on other banks. To collect cheques, banks have clearing houses. In case of local houses, the banks take no extra charges. For collecting outstation cheques, banks charge a commission. Banks also accept bills of exchange and encash them by charging a commission called discount before the maturity date. 

(d) Agency functions : Banks pay insurance premium on behalf of their clients. They also collect dividend, premium, interest, pension, etc. on behalf of customers and credit the same in their accounts.

(a) Huge capital resources.

(b) Foreign collaboration.

(c) Advanced technology.

(d) Product innovation.

Detailed Answer : 

(a) Huge capital resources : These enterprises are characterised by possessing huge financial resources and the ability to raise funds from different sources. They may issue equity shares, debentures or bonds to the public. They are also in a position to borrow from financial institutions and international banks. 

(b) Foreign collaboration : MNCs usually enter into agreement with companies of host countries on the terms of sale of technology, use of brands names, etc. helping them to expand and diversify their business. 

(c) Advanced technology : These enterprises possess technological superiorities in their methods of production. They are able to conform to international standards and quality specifications. This leads to industrial progress of the country in which such corporations operate since they are able to optimally exploit local resources and raw materials. Computerisation and other inventions have come due to the technological advancements provided by MNCs. 

(d) Product innovation : These enterprises are characterised by having highly sophisticated research and development departments engaged in the task of developing new products and superior designs of existing products.

(a) Huge capital.

(b) Foreign collaboration.

(c) Advanced technology.

(d) Product innovation.

Detailed Answer : 

(a) Huge capital resources : These enterprises are characterised by possessing huge financial resources and the ability to raise funds from different sources. They may issue equity shares, debentures or bonds to the public. They are also in a position to borrow from financial institutions and international banks. 

(b) Foreign collaboration : MNCs usually enter into agreement with companies of host countries on the terms of sale of technology, use of brands names, etc. helping them to expand and diversify their business.

(c) Advanced technology : These enterprises possess technological superiorities in their methods of production. They are able to conform to international standards and quality specifications. This leads to industrial progress of the country in which such corporations operate since they are able to optimally exploit local resources and raw materials. Computerisation and other inventions have come due to the technological advancements provided by MNCs. 

(d) Product innovation : These enterprises are characterised by having highly sophisticated research and development departments engaged in the task of developing new products and superior designs of existing products.

A mate's receipt is receipt issued by the commanding officer of the ship when the cargo is loaded on board.

(a) Market standing.

(b) Innovation.

(c) Productivity.

(d) Earning profits.

Detailed Answer : 

Objectives of business : 

(a) Market standing : Market standing refers to the position of an enterprise in relation to its competitors. A business enterprise must aim at standing on stronger footing in terms of offering competitive products to its customers and serving them to their satisfaction. 

(b) Productivity : Productivity is calculated by comparing the value of outputs with the value of inputs. It is used as a measure of efficiency. In order to ensure continuous survival and progress, every enterprise must aim at greater productivity by the best use of available resources. 

(c) Earning profits : One of the objectives of business is to earn profits on the capital employed. Profitability refers to profit in relation to capital investment. Every business must earn a reasonable profit which is so important for its survival and growth. 

(d) Physical and financial resources : Any business requires physical resources like plants, machines, offices, etc., and financial resources, i.e., funds to be able to produce and supply goods and services to its customers. The business enterprise must aim at acquiring these resources according to their requirements and use them efficiently.

Capital budget is used to determine whether an organisation’s long term investment plans are worth pursuing, whereas cash budget determines when income will be sufficient to cover expenses and when the company will need to seek outside financing.

A super market is a large retailing business unit, selling wide variety of consumer goods.

Detailed Answer :

A super market is a large retailing business unit selling wide variety of consumer goods on the basis of low margin appeal, wide variety and assortment, self-service and heavy emphasis on merchandising appeal.

Example of Extractive Industry is Mining.

Correct option (b) Unlimited liability.

(c) Nil

Current ratio = Current asset/Current liability, if its 1 that means Current  Asset = Current liability

While net working capital = (receivable + inventory + cash - payable).

A project's profitability index is equal to the ratio of the present value of a project's future cash flows to the project's   initial cash outlay

The discount rate at which two projects have identical net present values is referred to as Fisher's rate of intersection. 

Tan α = 5/12  

From trig ratio [triangle]  Tan alpha = Opposite side/Adjacent side = 5/12  

Hence,  Hypotenuse = √(5² + 12²) = √(25+144) = √169 = 13

Sec α = 1/cos α = hypotenuse/adjacent side = 13/12

Sec α = 13/12

A wave produced for a small interval of time is called Pulse.

Each particle in a wave propagated within a slinky or a thread Vibrates.

(d) All of the above

A pulse is Generated in a small part of the medium.

(b) Sitar produces longitudinal waves and air produces transverse waves

(b) Longitudinal wave

Waves produced in water are Transverse waves.

Spirogyra is not found in sea because Sea water has a lot of salts.

We see trees with needle like leaves in mountaineous regions. These are called Conifer.

(c) Flowered plants may be trees

(a) Mycelium

(d) Angiosperm

(b) It has algae

Immature cockroaches are also called Nymph.

Virus is odd one.

(c) Anal style

(a) Periplanita Americana

(c) Mouth, Clitellium, Segment, Anus

(d) Multicellular without notochord

Shark doesn’t belong to mammalia.

(b) It keeps the body warm

(a) Carolus Linnaeus