Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

(i) Herbarium : A store house of collected plant specimens that are dried, pressed and preserved on sheets.

(ii) Botanical gardens : Specialized gardens having collections of living plants for reference.

(iii) Museum : Have collections of preserved plant and animal specimens for study and reference.

(iv) Zoological parks : Places where wild animals are kept in protected environments under human care and which enables us to learn about their food habits and behaviour.

(v) Key : Used for identification of plants and animals based on their similarities and dissimilarities.

Diploblastic animals : Animals in which the cells are arranged in two embryonic layers namely ectoderm and endoderm. E.g. Coelenterates 

Triploblastic animals : Animals in which the cells are arranged in 3 embryonic layers namely ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. E.g. Platyhelminthes to chordates.

One systole and one diastole together constitute a cardiac cycle.

(a) Tetany : Rapid spasms in muscles due to low Ca⁺⁺ in body fluids. 

(b) Arthritis : Inflammation of joints.

Pattern of arrangement of leaves on the stem or branch. 

Types of phyllotaxy : Alternate, Opposite and whorled.

The structural and functional unit of Kidneys is Nephrons.

Joints are points of contact between bones or between bones and cartilages. 

Types : Fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial.

Nephridia are excretory organs in earthworms 

Types : Septal, integumentary and pharyngeal

(a) They are heterotrophic eukaryotic organisms either parasitic or saprophytic.

(b) They are either unicellular (yeast) or multicellular, filamentous.

(c) The body consists of long slender, thread like structure called hyphae.

(d) The network of hyphae is called mycelium.

(e) Hyphae of some members are coenocytic (multinucleated).

Physiological effects of Cytokinins : Helps to produce new leaves, chloroplast in leaves, lateral shoot growth, adventitious shoot formation, helps to overcome apical dominance, promotes nutrient metabolism which helps in the delay of leaf senescence. 

 Detailed Answer:

Physiological effects of Cytokinins are :

• They promote cell division.
• They promote the growth of lateral branches by inhibiting apical dominance.
• They help to produce new leaves, chloroplast in leaves, lateral shoot growth. 
• They promote formation of adventitious shoot. 
• They help in delaying senescence by promoting nutrient mobilization. 
• Cytokinins help to overcome apical dominance. 
• They promote nutrient mobilization, which helps in delay of leaf senescence.

Diploblastic animals in which cells are arranged in two embryonic layers namely outer ectoderm and inner endoderm.

Animals in which cells are arranged in three embryonic layers namely outer ectoderm, inner endoderm and middle mesoderm.

Epithelial tissue, Connective tissue, Muscular tissue, Neural tissue.

The hormones which inhibit (retard) growth rate.

Ex : Abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene.

Charles Darwin, based on his observations during a sea voyage around the world in the ship H.M.S. Beagle. He observed varying degrees of similarities between existing life forms and those that existed millions of years ago. He gave the theory of ntural selection. According to it those populations which are better fit (reproductively fit) in an environment will be selected by nature and will survive more. Adaptability is inherited and fitness is the end result of ability to adapt and get selected by nature.

Alfred Sturtevant used the frequency of recombination between gene pairs on the same chromosome as a measure of the distance between genes and mapped their position on the chromosome. 

(a) Incomplete dominance. 

(b) Dominance (law).

If DDT leaches from the agricultural field, it gets into the water body (the concentration is 0.0003 ppm) and enters the food chain: zooplanktons (0.04 ppm) → small fish (0.05 ppm) → large fish (2 ppm) → any fish eating bird (5 ppm). 

Concentration of DDT increases along the food chain, reaching a high level in the top carnivore bird. 

DDT concentration disturbs Ca++ metabolism, egg shells become thin, premature breaking resulting in decline in bird population.

(a) Tidal volume : It is the volume of air inspired or expired during a normal respiration.

(b) Expiratory capacity : It is the total volume of air a person can expire after a normal inspiration.

Animals which excrete nitrogenous wastes as uric acid.

Ex : Reptiles, birds, and snails and insects

Osteoporosis is an age related disorder, in which bones weaken and fracture more easily. For women, a drop in estrogen at the time of menopause is a major cause of bone loss. For men, a drop in testosterone as they age can cause bone loss.

The pattern of arrangement of leaves on the stem or branches is known as phyllotaxy. 

It is of three types :

Alternate, Opposite and Whorled. 

(a) Alternate : Only one leaf at each node arranged alternately.

(b) Opposite : Two leaves are arranged in pairs at each node opposite to each other.

(c) Whorled : Three or more leaves arise at each node in whorls.

(a) Induces parthenocarpy

(b) Promotes stem elongation.

(c) Promotes cell division and cell elongation.

(d) Maintains apical dominance : The growing apical bud inhibits the growth of lateral bud. The phenomenon is called apical dominance.

(e) Prevents premature falling of leaves, flowers and fruits.

(f) Used as weedicide/herbicide

Leptotene

Zygotene

Pachytene

Diplotene

Diakinesis

(i) Heat is formed by burning of fuel in an engine. This heat energy is converted into mechanical energy. 

(ii) In an electric generator. Mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy

According to conservation of energy,"Energy can neither be created nor destroyed''. It can be transformed from one form to it's another form. Total energy before and after transformation remains the same.

(a) Tissue 

(b) Differentiation 

(c) Tendors. 

(d) Guard cells.

Amoeba is a unicellular organism. All the processes of living being are performed in this organism. Plasma membrane is flexible. So amoeba can take its food from surroundings. This process is called endocytosis.

Corrosion is a process in which metals, are deteriorated by action of air, moisture, chemicals etc.

Corrosion of Iron is called a Rust (Fe₂O₃. 2H₂O). 

Corrosion of iron is a serious problem because it leads to wastage of tonnes of iron every year and lot of money is spent to repair or replace it. 

Silver turns black as it reacts with H₂S present in air and form a layer of Ag₂S.

Angle of incidence i = (A + δm)/2

Concept : i + e = A + δ
But at minimum angle of deviation, i = e

Pairs of curves for different materials and same intensity radiations are graphs (1, 3) and ( 2, 4).

Concept: Stopping potential depends on (i) nature of material (ii) frequency of radiation.

If cells are in oppositions

E_net = E₁ – E₂
= (200 – 10)V = 190V
Current I =E_net/R_eq = 190/38 = 5A

Not a Normal Resident

Reason: As their centre of economic interest lies in the foreign country.

False: It is a flow concept as it is measured over a period of time.

The Principal 

Ramjas Sr. Sec. School 

Anand Parvat

New Delhi. 

5th January 2019 

Sub: Arranging special coaching in English

Sir,

I am the monitor of X ‘A’ class. On behalf of my class, I have to make a request. Our teacher of English was bed-ridden and was on leave for a month. Our Pre-board exams are approaching and our syllabus is not vet completed. If he finishes the course in a hurry, we shall not understand the lessons fully. 

We shall be highly obliged and thankful to you if you arrange extra coaching classes in English so that we get enough time to practice and learn our lessons fully.

Thanking you,

Your obediently

XXXXXXX

No, it is not necessary that machine purchased is a capital good. It will depend upon its use. 

1. If a sewing machine is purchased by a tailor, then it is a fixed asset of the tailor and considered to be a capital good. But the same machine purchased by a consumer household is considered to be a durable use consumer goods. 

2. If a car purchased by a taxi driver as a taxi or if purchased by a firm for use in its business is a capital good. But the same car purchased by a consumer household is a durable use consumer goods. Note: So, finally, the end user of a good determine, whether it is capital good or durable use consumer goods. If an end user of a durable goods is a producer, it is a capital good. If an end user of a durable goods is a consumer household, it is a durable use consumer goods. 

So, capital goods are only those durable goods which are used as producer goods, not as consumer goods.

No, the Economy is not in a state of equilibrium at Rs. 1500 crores Given Consumption function, 

C = 200 + 0.5Y 

Investment expenditure (I) = 400 crore 

At the equilibrium level 

Y= C + I 

Substituting the values from the question: 

Y= {200 + 0.5Y} + 400 

Y - 0.5Y = 600 

0.5Y = 600 

Y = 600/0.5 = 1200 

The equilibrium level of income is Rs.1200 crores. The given income Rs.1500 crore is greater than equilibrium level of income. Therefore, the economy is not in equilibrium. 

The various steps for calculating national income through income method are:  

Step 1: Identify and classify the production units:  

All the producing enterprises employing various factors of production are identified and classified into primary secondary and tertiary sectors.  

Step 2: Estimate the factor income paid by each sector:  

The factor incomes paid by each sector are classified under the following heads:  

(i) Compensation of employees; 

(ii) Rent and Royalty; 

(iii) Interest; 

(iv) Profit; and 

(v) Mixed Income.  

Step 3: Calculate Domestic Income (NDPFC):  

When factor incomes of all the sectors are summed up, we get domestic income (NDP_FC). In short, NDP_FC = Compensation of Employees + Rent and Royalty + Interest + Profit + Mixed Income  

Step 4: Estimate net factor income from abroad (NFIA) to arrive at National Income:  

In the final step, NFIA is added to domestic income to arrive at National Income (NNP_FC), i.e. NNP_Fc = NDP_Fc + Net factor income from abroad.

The Aggregate Demand (AD) function is given as : 

 AD = C + I 

 AD = {C' +b(Y)} + I 

C' = 50 

(Given) 

 b or MPC = 1 – MPS = 1 – 0.2 = 0.8 

Substituting the values of c and b in AD function, we get : 

 AD = {50 + 0.8 (4000)} + 100 = Rs. 3,350 crores 

Aggregate Demand is Rs. 3,350 crores 

There are six function of money are:

(i) A Medium of Exchange

(ii) A Measure of Value

(iii) A Store of Value

(iv) The Basis of Credit:

(v) A Unit of Account:

(vi) A Standard of Postponed Payment

A Medium of Exchange: The only alter­native to using money is to go back to the barter system. However, as a system of ex­change the barter system would be highly impracticable today. For example, if the baker who supplied the green-grocer with bread had to take payment in onions and carrots, he may either not like these foodstuff or he may have sufficient stocks of them.

A Measure of Value: Under the barter system, it is very difficult to measure the value of goods. For example, a horse may be valued as worth five cows or 100 quintals of wheat, or a Maruti car may be equivalent to 10 two- wheelers. Thus one of the disadvantages of the barter system is that any commodity or service has a series of exchange values.

(d) Fiscal deficit is the sum of primary deficit and interest payment. 

Profits of LIC, a public enterprise is a revenue receipt of the government. 

Reverse Repo Rate is the rate at which central bank of a country (RBI in India) borrows funds from commercial banks within the country. 

The two conditions of producer’s equilibrium are: 

(i) Marginal Cost should be equal to Marginal Revenue (MC = MR) 

(ii) Marginal Cost should be rising at the point of equilibrium.

Producer will be at equilibrium, producing 4^th units of output because it satisfies both the conditions of equilibrium. 

(i) If MC is less than MR i.e. at any output level less than 4 units, it is profitable for the producer to produce more units till MC becomes equal to MR. 

When MC becomes greater than MR after the MR = MC condition, i.e. at 5^th units, production of each additional unit is sold at a loss, which leads to decline in profits for the producer. 

Money Multiplier = 1/LRR = 1/20% = 5.

False.

Reason: It is a statement of “Estimated’ (and not actual) receipts and payments of the government.