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Saponification reaction is a highly exothermic reaction. The reaction mixture of this reaction is basic in nature and hence, this will turn red litmus blue.

(a) Pole : Centre of the reflecting surface of the mirror. 

(b) Centre of curvature : The centre of the hollow sphere of which the reflecting surface of mirror is a part. 

(c) Principal axis : Straight-line passing through the pole and the centre of curvature of a spherical mirror. 

(d) Principal focus : Incident rays parallel to principal axis, after reflection, either converge to or appear to diverge from a fixed point on the principal axis called principal focus of the spherical mirror.

The bulbs are usually filled with chemically inactive nitrogen and argon gas so that filament does not burn out and the life of filament is prolonged.

Electrostatics, as the name implies, is the study of stationary electric charges. A rod of plastic rubbed with fur or a rod of glass rubbed with silk will attract small pieces of paper and is said to be electrically charged. The charge on plastic rubbed with fur is defined as negative, and the charge on glass rubbed with silk is defined as positive.

(a) Connective
(b) Plasma
(c) RBC
(d) Platelets
(e) Neutrophils
(f) Eosinophils
(g) Basophils
(h) Lymphocytes
(i) Monocytes
(j) Bone or ligament or tendon

1. 13
2. Al
3. Valency is 3, the number of valence electrons = 3
4. Ion formed by X = Cation as it need to lose 3 electrons to acquire an octate electronic configuration.
5. Discoverer of proton is Goldstein and that of electron was JJ Thomson.

Industry refers to economic activities, which are connected with conversion of resources into useful goods. Industry is concerned with the production or processing of goods and materials as well as breeding and raising of animals. The term industry is used for activities in which mechanical appliances and technical skills are involved. The term industry is also used to mean groups of firms producing similar or related goods. Services such as banking and transport are also referred to as industries sometimes. Industries may be divided into three broad categories namely primary, secondary and tertiary.

(i) Primary Industries :These include all those activities, which are connected with the extraction and production of natural resources and reproduction and development of living organisms, plants etc.

These industries may be further subdivided as follow:-

(a) Extractive Industries: These industries extract or draw out products from natural sources. Extractive industries are suppliers of basic raw materials that are mostly products of the geographical or natural environment products of these industries are usually transformed into useful goods by manufacturing industries. Farming, mining, lumbering, hunting and fishing-operations are some important extractive industries.

(b) Genetic Industries: These industries are concerned with breeding of plants and animals for their use in further reproduction. Seeds and nursery companies, cattle breeding farms, poultry farms, and fish hatchery are examples of genetic industries.

(ii) Secondary industries: These are concerned with using and processing the materials, which have already been extracted by the primary sector to produce goods for final consumption or for further processing by other industrial units, e.g., the iron ore extracted by mining which is a primary industry, is processed into steel and hence, steel industry is a secondary industry. 

Secondary industries may be further divided as follows:

(a) Manufacturing Industries: These industries are engaged in producing goods for intermediate or final consumption through processing of raw materials and thus creating form utilities. Manufacturing industries may be further divided into four categories on the basis of method of operation for production.

• Analytical Industry Which analyses and separates different elements from the same materials, e.g., oil refinery.
• Synthetically Industry Which combines various ingredients into a new product, e.g., cements industry.

(b) Construction Industries: These industries are involved in the construction of buildings, dams, bridges, roads, tunnels and canals. Engineering and architectural skills play an important role in construction industries. These industries are important for infrastructure development.

(iii) Tertiary Industries: These comprise of support services to primary and secondary industries as well as activities relating to trade. These industries provide service facilities. These may be considered as a part of commerce because as auxiliaries to trade they assist trade. Transport, banking, insurance, warehousing, communication, packaging and advertising are examples of tertiary industries.

Negative effects of liberalisation and globalisation are:

• Free flow of capital: Liberalisation has improved flow of capital into the country which makes it inexpensive for the companies to access capital from investors. Lower cost of capital enables to undertake lucrative projects which they may not have been possible with a higher cost of capital pre-liberalisation, leading to higher growth rates.
• Destabilization of the economy: Tremendous redistribution of economic power and political power leads to Destabilizing effects on the entire Indian economy.
• Competition has increased for Indian firms.
• Threat from multinational corporations.
• Acquisitions and mergers are increasing day-by-day.

Commerce is considered as the backbone of industry because it performs the following functions :

1. Helps in eliminating the hindrances of persons.
2. Helps in eliminating the hindrances of place.
3. Helps in eliminating the hindrances of time.
4. Helps in eliminating the hindrances of finance.
5. Helps in eliminating the hindrances of risk.
6. Helps in eliminating the hindrances of information.

The correct option is (c) CH₄.

(i) With a regular hub, packets being sent simultaneously collide, causing retransmissions and thus delays. A switch, on the other hand, looks at the destination address, and sends the packet to that address on a separate wire, so no collision. Hence, it is called intelligent hub.

(ii) Repeaters are used in transmission systems to regenerate analog or digital signals distorted by transmission loss. Repeaters are generally used when transmission is to be done on long path.

(i) Open Source Software.

(ii) Hyper Text Transfer Protocol.

Select the child using the free hand tool 

Apply inverse selection 

Apply color change

A firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls the incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.

Cyber law or Internet law is a term that encapsulates the legal issues related to use of the Internet.

(a) Data sent from a website and stored on the users’ browser.

(b) Law handles the legal issues related to the use of Internet.

(c) A program or device used to prevent from unauthorized access.

4 GB maximum size of a TIFF file.

• improve efficiency in government process and service delivery mechanisms. 
• sync with the needs of a modern Government and has been conceived as the instrument for the Next Generation Government.
•  improve productivity, quality, resource management, turnaround time and increase transparency of government department 
• platform for personalized, role based, secure access to internal information for the employees or any valid points.

Harassment through emails and web chatting messages activity will be handled under cyber law.

(i) FTP 

(ii) TELNET

115, Rajdeep Apartments, 

L.T Road,

Pune-15

26^th February, 2018 

The Editor,

The Times of India, 

Pune-18

Subject : Noise pollution in our locality

Sir,

Through the columns of your newspaper I would like to draw the kind attention of the concerned authorities towards increasing problem of noise pollution. It is causing great damage to the health problem of the city. It leads to irritation, loss of sleep, rest and peace. It is harmful to physical and mental health of people. Frequent loud noise affects the working efficiency of the people. Persistent noise pollution causes a loss of sense of hearing.

Increasing noise pollution is a big threat to the health and fitness of the people. If the noise pollution is allowed to go unchecked, it may rob the people of their hearing capacity. Increasing number of vehicles on the roads, rising number of factories, construction work, loudspeakers used on various occasions, rock and pop music etc. are various factors responsible for causing noise pollution. Noise control laws are openly violated.

It is high time that the authorities should awake against the danger of noise pollution. They should strictly enforce the noise control laws. The noise producing factories located in the residential areas should be shifted to faroff places without any delay. The use of loudspeaker should be stopped after a specific time. Above all, public should become aware and cooperative against the danger of noise pollution because without public cooperation, authorities cannot make much difference.

It is earnestly hoped that concerned authorities will take immediate and urgent necessary action against those responsible for noise pollution to relieve the people from the harmful effects of noise pollution.

Thanking you, 

 Yours faithfully, 

 Sohan Kumar

                  Mahabaleshwar

Mahabaleshwar is a beautiful hill station known for its perfect weather all year round. The jungles of Mahabaleshwar are known for their density and a stunning arrray of birds and wildlife. It is 220 km from Mumbai. The first Governor of Mahabaleshwar, Sir John Malcolm established the hill station as a recreational gateway in 1829.

(1) How to reach there : Mahabaleshwar is located 32 kms from ‘Wai’. The nearest city is ‘Satara’, located 55 km away from Mahabaleshwar. This hill station is connected by NH-4 and various bus services (MSRTC) and private taxis can be used to shuttle between Pune, Mumbai, Satara and Mahabaleshwar. The nearest railway station is situated in the city of Satara. Once in the city, private cars and/or cabs as well as state run buses are available for a direct trip to Mahabaleshwar.

(2) Accommodation facilities : There are holiday homes and hotels to suit every budget and satisfy every palate.

(3) What to see : Pratap Gadh which houses the tomb of Afzal Khan. Temples – Shri Shankar Mandir, Panchganga Mandir, Connaught Peak, Castle Rock, Wilson Point and Elphinstone Point. For adventure, activities like hiking, trekking and climbing are the major attractions.

(4) Shopping attractions : Main street is famous for fruit of choice like strawberries, raspberries, mulberries and even jams. Local shoes made of wood are also very popular, leather goods, tribal pieces of art etc.

(5) Specialities : The town is well-endowed with modern amenities such as ATM’s, restaurants, hotels as well as various places of worship. While at Mahabaleshwar one can also see a grand view of Krishna valley which is home to many significant temples.

Minimum price at which shares can be reissued = Rs.100 – Rs.60 = 40 

No, Maximum no. of partners as per The Companies Misc. Rule, 2014 is 50 persons

Rekha surrenders for Samiksha =1/4 x 3/6 =3/24 

Sunita surrenders for Samiksha = 1/3 x 2/6=2/18 

Teena surrenders for Samiksha = 1/5 x 1/6=1/30 

New share of Rekha = 3/6-3/24 =9/24 

New share of Sunita = 2/6-2/18 =4/18 

New share of Teena = 1/6-1/30 =4/30

Share of Samiksha = 3/24+2/18+1/30=97/360

New Ratio :- 9/24:4/18:4/30:97/360

135 : 80 : 48 : 97

(a) synonyms are needed, is located 

(b) given is noted 

(c) are looked up against the number 

(d) best suits the purpose, is chosen

Religion functions on the basis of men committing crimes or sins, subsequently repenting for it and then gaining subsequent pardon from a higher spiritual authority in lieu of his repentance. However, in the poem there is no such eventual pardon in sight as the Mariner is doomed to recount the story of his wrong deed for the eternity to come. The poem explores the horror emanating from the unmindful destruction of nature and its creatures. It teaches us to respect all forms of life otherwise no matter how much one repents, pardon cannot be expected as no higher spiritual authority will ever condone a wanton act of cruelty. In ‘The Rime of the Ancient Mariner’, the Ancient Mariner killed the Albatross which had helped the sailors. After this they started facing problems at the sea. The ship entered the silent sea where they had great difficulties. Other Mariners held him responsible for this and hung the dead Albatross around his neck, making him realize the sin he had committed. It was an act of reminding him that he had committed a heinous crime. 

Gestapo handled the Jews in a very inhuman way. According to the entries made by Anne, the Jews were taken to a big camp where they got almost nothing to eat and much less to drink as water was available only for one hour a day. There was only one toilet and sink for several thousand people. The heads of women and children were often shaved off. 

Gestapo treated them in a very harsh and cruel way. Mr. Alfred Dussel told the residents of the secret annexe that many Jews had been subjected to a dreadful fate. Every night, the grey green military vehicles cruised the streets and knocked at every door to ask for the Jews. if the Jews were found there, they were immediately taken away from that place, exactly like the slave-hunting of old days. The Jews found there were bullied and beaten until they nearly died. They were so cruel that they didn't spare anyone whether he was sick, or elderly, they did not even spare babies or pregnant women. They all were supposed to march to their death.

In her 1903 autobiography, 'The Story of My Life', Helen Keller has mentioned about her love of the country and outdoor sports like sailing and canoeing. She enjoyed them the most in moonlights. As a student of Wright-Humson School, she had taken riding lessons. Camping trips, walks in a fragrant garden, and spins on her tandem bicycle were among her favourite outdoor activities. But even more enjoyable to Keller was rowing in her canoe. In fact, she learnt swimming and rowing when she was very young and practically lived in her canoe during the summers as an adult. Nothing gave her great pleasure than to take her friends out for rowing. She found pleasure in rowing by the scent of water grasses and lilies, and of bushes that grow on the shore. She would know the resistance of water when the oars were evenly poised and would tell when she would pull against the current. She liked to contend with wind and wave. It was exhilarating for her to go skimming, lightly over glistening, tilting waves, and to feel the steady, imperious surge of the water.

Helen Keller was a girl with extraordinary talents despite being a specially abled child. She was an optimist and the struggles of life could not waver her firm determination and indomitable courage and this helped her lead a successful life. Her mentor and guide, Miss Anne Sullivan played an important role in the life. Her life became dark and silent at a very young age but her determination and perseverance made her overcome this also and she learnt how to speak. She taught her to be courageous. Helen Keller had an undying sportsman spirit and never felt defeated. She learnt climbing trees, swimming and had love for outdoor sports like sailing, cycling, canoeing etc. Once, she become distressed when she was summoned by the investigative committee on the charges of plagiarism. It was like a dark land in the garden of her childhood but her teacher’s, guidance restored her confidence and she moved ahead in her life. She never felt shy because of her being impaired. Rather she was alive to life and enjoyed to the utmost. Her ability and strength to surpass all her disabilities make her an appealing character who is liked by one and all.

(a) should be made 

(b) should be left 

(c) should not be displayed in public 

(d) should not be touched

Let x suitcase of type I 

y suitcase of type II is manufactured 

Objective function is maximize profit Z = 30x + 25y 

Subject to constraints are 

3x + 3y ≤ 18 (machine A constraint) 

3x + 2y ≤ 15 (machine B constraint) 

x, y ≥ 0 (non-negative constraint)

RNA polymerase III is responsible for transcription of tRNA and the initiator tRNA gets linked with the amino acid methionine.

The initiator tRNA, which is charged with amino acid methionine, reaches the smaller subunit of ribosome. Its anticodon UAC recognises the codon AUG on mRNA and binds by forming complementary base pairs. The large subunit of ribosome joins the smaller subunit and initiates translation.

(i) Fiscal Deficit less interest payments.

(a) Profit of a public sector undertaking.

An intermediate good refers to that good which is purchased during the year by a firm from another for the purpose of further production/resale. 

(c) as on any point of time

Demand deposits are the deposits which can be withdrawn on demand by the depositors from banks.  

Average Propensity to Consume can never be zero.

(i)  CRR, 

(ii) SLR, 

(iii)  Bank Rate, 

(iv)  Repo rate, 

(v)  Reverse repo rate 

(ii) Margin Requirements

UNITY OF COMMAND  -as the priciple states that one subordinate should get order only from one individual superior. So in case of a military  this principle is resembled.

The primary need of every organisation is that its administrative system should be effective. Only that administrative system is called effective where the managers can take balanced and quick decisions. In order to take such decisions, sufficient information and authority should be available.  

This is made possible with the help of the principles of management. For example, the principle of ‘authority and responsibility’ advocates granting of sufficient authority, while the principle of scalar chain advocates making adequate provision for providing information.

Economic Objectives: 

Economic objectives of business refer to the objective of earning profit and also other objectives that are necessary to be pursued to achieve the profit objective, which include, creation of customers, regular innovations and best possible use of available resources.

(i) Profit Earning: Profit is the lifeblood of business, without which no business can survive in a competitive market. In fact profit making is the primary objective for which a business unit is brought into existence. Profits must be earned to ensure the survival of business, its growth and expansion over time. 

Profits help businessmen not only to earn their living but also to expand their business activities by reinvesting a part of the profits. In order to achieve this primary objective, certain other objectives are also necessary to be pursued by business, which are as follows:

(a) Creation of customers:

A business unit cannot survive unless there are customers to buy the products and services. Again a businessman can earn profits only when he/she provides quality goods and services at a reasonable price. For this it needs to attract more customers for its existing as well as new products. This is achieved with the help of various marketing activities.

(b) Regular innovations: 

Innovation means changes, which bring about improvement in products, process of production and distribution of goods. Business units, through innovation, are able to reduce cost by adopting better methods of production and also increase their sales by attracting more customers because of improved products.

Reduction in cost and increase in sales gives more profit to the businessmen. Use of power looms in place of handlooms, use of tractors in place of hand implements in farms etc. are all the results of innovation. 

(c) Best possible use of resources: 

As we all know, to run any business we must have sufficient capital or funds. The amount of capital may be used to buy machinery, raw materials, employ men and have cash to meet day-to-day expenses. Thus, business activities require various resources like men, materials, money and machines. The availability of these resources is usually limited. 

Thus, every business should try to make the best possible use of these resources. Employing efficient workers. Making full use of machines and minimizing wastage of raw materials, can achieve this objective.

Some of social objectives are: 

1. Supply of good quality products and fair prices: The business should ensure that there is regular supply of products with fair quality and at reasonable prices. Supply of adulterate goods, inferior quality goods, are detrimental to survival of business. 

2. Avoidance of unfair trade practices: Business enterprises should not indulge in anti-social and unfair trade practices like black market, adulteration, etc. So, every business or organization should aim to avoid undesirable activities. 

3. Generation of employment opportunities: Every business enterprise should create sufficient employment opportunities without any discrimination as to caste, religion, sex, etc. 

4. Protection of environment: Business enterprises should take all reasonable steps to check and protect environment. It must make proper arrangement for disposal of effluents, smoke, waste, etc. in order to avoid various types of pollution. 

5. Worker performance and attitude: Worker performance and attitude determine their contribution towards productivity and profitability of enterprise. Therefore, every enterprise must be aim at improving its workers performance. It should also try to ensure a positive attitude on part of workers. 

6. Social Responsibility: It refers to obligation of business firms to contribute resources for solving social problems and work in socially desirable manner. 

c) there is more systematic risk involved for the common stock. 

Business intelligence (BI) is the collection of strategies and tools used to analyze business information. Business intelligence projects are significantly more effective when they combine external data sources with internal data sources for actionable insight. 

Business analytics, also known as advanced analytics, is a term often used interchangeably with business intelligence. However, business analytics is a subset of business intelligence since business intelligence deals with strategies and tools while business analytics focuses more on methods. Business intelligence is descriptive while business analytics is more prescriptive, addressing a problem or business question. 

Competitive intelligence is a subset of business intelligence. Competitive intelligence is the collection of data, tools, and processes for collecting, accessing, and analyzing business data on competitors. Competitive intelligence is often used to monitor differences in products.

Business Intelligence used in the techniques :

Measurement 

Many business intelligence tools are used in measurement applications. They can take input data from sensors, CRM systems, web traffic, and more to measure KPIs. For example, solutions for a facilities team at a large manufacturing company might include sensors to measure the temperature of key equipment to optimize maintenance schedules. 

Analytics 

Analytics is the study of data to find meaningful trends and insights. This is a very popular application of business intelligence tools since it allows businesses to deeply understand their data and drive value with data-driven decisions. For example, a marketing organization could use analytics to determine the customer segments most likely to convert to a new customer. 

Reporting 

Report generation is a standard application of business intelligence software. BI products can now seamlessly generate regular reports for internal stakeholders, automate critical tasks for analysts, and replace the need for spreadsheets and word-processing programs. 

For example, a sales operations analyst might use the tool to produce a weekly report for her manager detailing last week’s sales by geographical region—a task that took far more effort to do manually. With an advanced reporting tool, the effort required to create such a report decreases significantly. In some cases, business intelligence tools can automate the reporting process entirely.

a) adding a 5 percent risk premium to the firm's before-tax cost of debt

b) this is consistent with the goal of maximizing shareholder value

b) 1 = bonds; 2 = preferred stock; 3 = common stock. 

The component cost of preferred stock to Lei-Feng, Inc. would be closest to 10.4 percent