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Correct option is (a) Schleiden and Schwann

To explain: Matthias Schleiden, a German botanist and Theodore Schwann, a British zoologist together formulated the CELL THEORY. It states that living things are composed cells, that the cell is the BASIC UNIT of life, and that new cells ARISE from existing cells.

The correct answer is (d) Synthesis of proteins

To explain: GOLGI BODIES are INVOLVED in the synthesis of glycoproteins and glycolipids. They are ALSO involved in the modifications and packaging of proteins received from the ENDOPLASMIC reticulum. It does not synthesize proteins.

The CORRECT option is (c) RUDOLPH VIRCHOW

To explain: Rudolph Virchow was the first scientist who explained that new CELLS arise from pre-existing cells. This FINDING was added into the cell theory which was originally formulated by Schleiden and Schwann.

Right CHOICE is (c) EUKARYOTIC cell contains membrane bound nucleus whereas prokaryotic cell don’t

To elaborate: Eukaryotic cell contains membrane bound nucleus whereas prokaryotic cell don’t. Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells contain nucleus (or NUCLEOLUS) which contains genetic MATERIAL in them i.e. both DNA and RNA in them.

The CORRECT choice is (d) Chloroplast is a single membrane bound organelles with stroma which contains a stack of thyllakoids called grana

Explanation: Plastids are the organelles PRESENT only in plant CELL and bear color imparting pigments. Plastids are of THREE kinds, NAMELY, leucoplasts, chromoplasts and chloroplasts. Chloroplast is a double membrane bound organelles with stroma which contains a stack of thyllakoids called grana.

The correct answer is (a) True

To ELABORATE: Excess alcohol INTAKE leads to fatigue of SER which RESULTS in harm to the body. SER helps in detoxification of harmful substances. Since, SER is PRESENT in large numbers in the liver, rapid detoxification takes PLACE in this region. At a certain point this results in SER fatigue and finally failure of liver.

The correct answer is (a) Tubulin

To explain I would say: CENTROSOME is a CELL organelle containing two structures CYLINDRICAL in shape, called CENTRIOLES. Centrioles LIE perpendicular to each other. The centrioles are composed of tubulin protein.

Right option is (C) 0.5μm to 1.0μm

Easiest explanation: Golgi bodies were NAMED after the scientist who discovered them, CAMILLO Golgi. Golgi bodies CONTAIN flat, disc – shaped sacs called cisternae. The diameter of the cisternae is 0.5μm to 1.0μm.

Right answer is (d) PLASMODESMATA

Explanation: Adjacent PLANT cells adhere to each other due to the presence of the MIDDLE lamella. HOWEVER, the plasmodesmata pass through the middle lamella and connect the cytoplasm of the TWO cells.

The correct choice is (c) It connects adjacent plant cells

To EXPLAIN I WOULD SAY: The middle lamella is a layer present between TWO plant cells which joins the cell walls of both the cells. It mainly contains calcium pectate. It is the first layer which is formed and deposited during cytokinesis.

The correct option is (a) 50S, 30S

The explanation is: Prokaryotes have a 70S ribosome and EUKARYOTES have an 80S ribosome. The 70S prokaryotic ribosome contains one LARGE 50S subunit and one SMALL 30S subunit. It is site of protein synthesis.

The correct option is (c) Rudolph Virchow

For EXPLANATION: Omnis cellula-e cellula, means that each cell is derived from a pre-existing cell by cell DIVISION. It is the CULMINATION of a profound insight of the late 19TH century and stated by the German pathologist Rudolf Virchow.

The correct choice is (b) False

The best explanation: The cytoskeleton is comprised of microtubules, MICROFILAMENTS and intermediate filaments. It is a network of these FILAMENTOUS proteins. The cytoskeleton provides MECHANICAL support and motility.

The correct CHOICE is (c) Satellite

The explanation is: Some chromosomes have SECONDARY constrictions which are non – STAINING, apart from the centromere. They give the appearance of a small fragment. This small fragment is known as a satellite.

Right option is (C) Axoneme

The best I can explain: The CYTOSKELETON is comprised of MICROTUBULES, microfilaments and intermediate filaments. It is a network of these filamentous proteins. Axoneme is PRESENT in flagella and cilia.

Right answer is (a) True

Easy explanation: The Golgi complex is made of SACS called cisternae. The FORMING face which faces the nucleus is convex or cis, while the maturing face which faces AWAY from the nucleus is CONCAVE or TRANS.

Correct CHOICE is (b) smooth ENDOPLASMIC reticulum

Easy explanation: Endoplasmic reticulum is of two types – smooth endoplasmic reticulum and ROUGH endoplasmic reticulum. The rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes present on its OUTER surface.

The CORRECT answer is (b) Theodore Schwann

Explanation: Theodore Schwann, a British zoologist, concluded from his studies that the cell wall was a unique feature of plant cells. He also observed VARIOUS types of animal cells and concluded that they were surrounded by a thin layer, which is the PLASMA MEMBRANE.

Correct option is (c) Mesosome

The best I can explain: FLAGELLA, PILI and fimbriae are structures present on the surface of the bacterial cell for various PURPOSES such as motility and ATTACHMENT. Mesosome is an INFOLDING of cell membrane, present in the cytoplasm.

Right option is (c) 1838

To explain: In the year 1838, the German botanist Matthias SCHLEIDEN observed the DIFFERENT types of cells present in the PLANT tissue of various PLANTS. Along with Schwann, he formulated the cell THEORY.

Correct CHOICE is (b) Higher the viscosity more is the rate of CYCLOSIS

Easy explanation: pH, temperature, viscosity, hormones and LIGHT are the factors effecting cyclosis. Lower the viscosity more is the rate of cyclosis. Cytoplasm plays the vital ROLE in respiration and contains dissolved NUTRIENTS. Cytoplasm controls the shape of the cell and dissolves waste product.

The CORRECT option is (b) False

The best explanation: Cells can have either one or more nuclei and SOMETIMES MIGHT not even nucleus. Based on the NUMBER of nuclei present cells are classified as anucleate, UNINUCLEATE and multi-nucleate.

The correct answer is (b) Golgi apparatus is freely distributed in animal cells and in plants fluid filled sac like structures called CISTERNAE that pile parallel to each other to form Golgi bodies

The EXPLANATION: They are absent in RBCs, sperm cell of PTERIDOPHYTES and Bryophytes. Golgi apparatus is freely distributed in plant cells and in animal cells fluid filled sac like structures called cisternae that pile parallel to each other to form Golgi bodies. There are three main components, namely, cisternae, TUBULES and vesicles.

Right option is (d) Vacuoles in plants are not membrane BOUND and therefore they occupy most of the cell

Best explanation: Vacuoles are FLUID filled membrane bound sacs. They consist of WATER and sap consisting of minerals, sugars, amino acids and proteins etc. The function of vacuoles differs from one organism to other. Vacuoles in plants occupy most of the cell because they act as storage UNITS of cells in plants.

Correct choice is (d) PROKARYOTIC CELLS contain either RNA or DNA

To EXPLAIN I would say: In a prokaryotic CELL membrane-bound organelles are absent. Monera is an EXAMPLE of prokaryotic cell. Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotic cells contain both RNA and DNA.

The correct answer is (c) German botanist

Explanation: MATTHIAS Schleiden was a German ZOOLOGIST. In the year 1838, he observed the differrnt types of cells present in plant tissue of various PLANTS. Along with Schwann, he formulated the CELL theory.

Right ANSWER is (d) The proteins that are present on the SURFACE of the plasma membrane are called integral proteins

The explanation: Plasma membrane is made of lipids and proteins. Lipids with HYDROPHOBIC and hydrophilic end are called AMPHIPATHIC lipids. The plasma membrane is a LIPID bilayer membrane. The proteins that are present on the surface of the plasma membrane are called integral proteins.