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Correct option is (d) Gitanjali Express

Correct option is (b) 22%

Correct option is (c) English

Wrong Pair: Dr Mohan Rao – polio

(i) In 1962, the first successful open heart surgery was performed under the leadership of Dr. N. Gopinath at Christian Medical College Hospital at Vellore in Tamil Nadu.

(ii) In 1971, kidney transplant was successfully performed at the Christian Medical College hospital at Vellore in Tamil Nadu. Dr Johny and Dr Mohan Rao transplanted the kidney donated by a living person into the patient’s body.

(i) The invention of the ‘Jaipur Foot’ has transformed the lives of the disabled in India. Before 1968, if a person lost a leg in an accident, he had to suffer for the rest of his life. 

(ii) In order to remedy the situation, Dr Pramod Sethi designed and manufactured artificial limbs, noses and ears, with the help of the skilled craftsman Ramchandra Sharma.

(iii) These artificial body parts manufactured with the help of the Jaipur foot technology have made it easy for the differently abled to walk bare-foot on rough surfaces, rim, go cycling, work in the fields, climb trees, and even climb mountains, etc. 

(iv) They save on the expenses on shoes as there is no need for footwear on these artificial limbs. They can bend their legs at the knees and sit crosslegged. 

(v) These feet are also convenient while working in water or wet conditions.

(i) Dr Pramod Sethi designed and manufactured artificial limbs, noses and ears, with the help of the skilled craftsman Ramchandra Sharma.

(ii) These artificial body parts manufactured with the help of the Jaipur foot technology have made it easy for the differently-abled to walk bare-foot on rough surfaces, run, go cycling, work in the fields, climb trees, and even climb mountains, etc.

Wrong Pair : Objective of Sixth five year plan – Advanced technology

(i) In 1961, 82% of India’s population resided in villages. 

(ii) In 1971, the percentage was 80.01%. So far, the rural area has shouldered the responsibility of providing food grains and other raw material to urban areas, supplying labour to the industrial sectors of the city, and taking care of natural resources. 

(iii) There are three major challenges with reference to rural development, namely, bringing about economic development, developing facilities to meet social needs and finally bringing about a change of attitude in matters concerning society, culture and ways of thinking. 

(iv) It is equally necessary to expedite irrigation projects and bring about land reforms.

The Constitution of India states that the primary duty of the government is to raise the people’s standard of living, to ensure proper nutrition and to improve public health. The Ministry of Health and Social Welfare at the Centre helps the state governments in this regard. 

(i) To make primary health services as well as medical care available to rural people, the tribals and the poor was an objective of the Sixth Five Year plan. Efforts were made towards helping people maintain good health by giving recognition to Unani, Homoeopathy, Ayurveda and Naturopathy in addition to Allopathy. 

(ii) In 1962, the first successful open heart surgery was performed under the leadership of Dr N. Gopinath at Christian Medical College Hospital at Vellore in Tamil Nadu. Hence, it is no longer necessary to go abroad for such treatment. 

(iii) The invention of the ‘Jaipur Foot’ has transformed the lives of the disabled in India.

(iv) Before 1968, if a person lost a leg in an accident, he had to suffer for the rest of his life. In order to remedy the situation, Dr Pramod Sethi designed and manufactured artificial limbs, noses and ears, with the help of the skilled craftsman Ramchandra Sharma. 

(v) These artificial body parts manufactured with the help of the Jaipur foot technology have made it easy for the differently-abled to walk bare-foot on rough surfaces, run, go cycling, work in the fields, climb trees, and even climb mountains, etc. 

(vi) They save on the expenses on shoes as there is no need for footwear on these artificial limbs. They can bend their legs at the knees and sit crosslegged. 

(vii) These feet are also convenient while working in water or under wet conditions.

(i) According to our Constitution, all Indians are equal before the law, and they cannot be discriminated against on the basis of religion, race, caste, gender or place of birth.

(ii) All citizens have the right to freedom of speech and expression, freedom to assemble peacefully without arms, freedom to form associations, freedom to move, to live and settle down anywhere on Indian territory and to practice any occupation. 

(iii) Indian citizens living anywhere in India enjoy the right to nurture their language, script and culture.

(i) Since kidney transplant can now be performed in India, doctors have succeeded in saving patients’ lives. Such surgeries were not so common in India till 1971. 

(ii) But in 1971, it was successfully performed at the Christian Medical College hospital at Vellore in Tamil Nadu. 

(iii) Dr. Johny and Dr. Mohan Rao transplanted the kidney donated by a living person into the patient’s body. 

(iv) Nowadays, patients from underdeveloped countries come to India for such surgeries.

(i) The objective to establish the welfare state has been incorporated in the Constitution itself. India is the first country in the world to do so.

(ii) The social welfare programmes aim to make opportunities for full-time employment, health care, education and development available to all Indian citizens. 

(iii) It is necessary that opportunities for development reach women, children, the differently abled, the scheduled castes and tribes as well as other minorities. 

(iv) This was the greatest challenge facing the government during the post-independence period 

(v) That is why, on 14 June 1964, the government of India constituted the Ministry of Social Welfare. 

(vi) Under this ministry various programmes are implemented for nutrition and child development, social security and social protection, women’s welfare and development.

(i) Right from early times, having a baby is considered to be of utmost importance in the Indian family system. 

(ii) The support of ‘test-tube baby’ technology has been available to childless couples since 1978. 

(iii) It was under the supervision of Dr. Subhash Mukhopadhyaya that the experiment of the testtube baby was successfully carried out at Kolkata. 

(iv) This was the first successful attempt at artificial conception. A girl named Durga was born. 

(v) This technology helped to solve the problem of childless couples who wanted children.

Wrong Pair : Durga – Open heart surgery

(i) Urbanisation is a process of the concentration of population in a city or urban area. Increasing population is one major reason for urbanisation. 

(ii) A few other factors affecting urbanisation are air, water and the economic as well as social organisations necessary for community life. 

(iii) In the context of post-independence India, the increase in urban population is also due to factors such as a reduction in the mortality rate, industrialisation, unavailability of means of livelihood in rural areas, job opportunities in cities and the resulting migration.

The campaign of pulse polio immunisation was initiated because:

• Before 1978, every year, six Indian infants out of every 10 who were bom faced fatal health problems in the very first year of their birth. 
• The immunisation programme was taken up to overcome the threat of polio, measles, tetanus, TB, diphtheria, and whooping cough. 
• The ‘pulse polio’ immunisation programme started in 1995 has controlled polio.

Wrong Pair : Gitanjali Express – Pune-Mumbai route

Rural electrification is essential because: 

(i) Electricity is essential for the development of rural areas. Automatic pumps are needed to water the fields. 

(ii) Electricity is also needed to preserve perishable food items such as milk, eggs, fruits, and vegetables, to run fertilizer projects and for fans and TV, and for lights for studying at night. 

(iii) During the first five-year plan, electricity had been provided to three thousand villages in India. By 1973, it reached 1,38,646 villages. From 1966, it was decided to supply more electricity for pumps and borewells. 

(iv) ‘Rural Electrification Corporation’ was established in 1969.

Wrong Pair : Ministry of Social welfare established in -1962

(i) Keeping in mind the goal of rural development, the collective development scheme has come into force. 

(ii) Plans were made for improving farming technology, increasing the area of irrigated land, extending educational facilities, enacting the laws for land reform under this scheme. 

(iii) It also aimed at increasing agricultural produce as well as expanding the means of transport, health services and scope for education in the rural areas. 

(iv) The government undertook this work through the medium of Gram Panchayats which included the people from all castes and tribes. 

(v) To achieve this, the Gram Panchayats, Panchayat Samitis and Zilla Parishads were empowered with more authority.

(i) It is necessary to give priority to facilities for public hygiene and health-care. 

(ii) Even today the rural population faces problems related to year round provision of drinking water, toilets, open drainage, narrow roads, inadequate electrification and lack of facilities for medical treatment.

(iii) There is a lack of good quality educational facilities from primary level to higher education, centres for recreation and libraries. That is why it is necessary to give special attention to rural areas.

(i) The objective to establish the welfare state has been incorporated in the Constitution itself. 

(ii) The social welfare programmes aim to make opportunities for full-time employment, health care, education and development available to all Indian citizens. Indian society is riddled with large scale economic, social, educational and cultural inequalities. 

(iii) However, it is necessary that opportunities for development reach women, children, the differentlyabled, the scheduled castes and tribes as well as other minorities. 

(iv) Hence on 14th June 1964, the government of India constituted the Ministry of Social Welfare. Under this ministry, various programmes are implemented for nutrition and child- development, social security and social protection, women’s welfare and development.

(i) In 1961, 82% of India’s population resided in villages. In 1971, the percentage was 80.01%.

(ii) So far, the rural area has shouldered the responsibility of providing food grains and other raw material to urban areas, supplying labour to the industrial sectors of the city, and taking care of natural resources. 

(iii) However there are three major challenges with reference to rural development, namely, bringing about economic development, developing facilities to meet social needs and finally bringing about a change of attitude in matters concerning society, culture and ways of thinking. 

(iv) It is also equally necessary to expedite irrigation projects and bring about land reforms.