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101.	If the parity bit takes value one then the summation of code-word gives(a) Even result(b) Odd result(c) Even & Odd result(d) None of the mentionedThe question was posed to me in an interview.Enquiry is from Structured Sequence topic in division Channel Coding of Digital Communications
Answer» Correct choice is (a) Even result To EXPLAIN: The parity BIT TAKES on the value of one or zero to ensure that the SUMMATION of all the bits in the code-word yields even or odd result.

102.	The ratio of redundant bits to data bits is called as(a) Code rate(b) Redundancy rate(c) Symbol rate(d) Transmission rateThe question was asked in homework.My doubt is from Structured Sequence in chapter Channel Coding of Digital Communications
Answer» Correct option is (b) REDUNDANCY RATE To explain I would say: The ratio of redundant BITS to data bits is called as redundancy of the code and the ratio of data bits to TOTAL bits is called as code rate.

103.	In Gaussian channel demodulator ______ decision is made.(a) Hard(b) Soft(c) Hard & Soft(d) None of the mentionedI got this question in an online interview.My enquiry is from Structured Sequence topic in portion Channel Coding of Digital Communications
Answer» RIGHT OPTION is (B) Soft The explanation: In Gaussian CHANNEL demodulator consists of continuous alphabet or quantized approximation thus soft decision is made.

104.	In binary symmetric channel, in the demodulator_____ decision is made.(a) Hard(b) Soft(c) Hard & Soft(d) None of the mentionedThis question was posed to me during an interview for a job.My enquiry is from Structured Sequence topic in section Channel Coding of Digital Communications
Answer» The correct option is (c) Hard & Soft The BEST I can EXPLAIN: In binary SYMMETRIC channel the demodulator consists of only two discrete elements. THUS it makes hard or firm decision.

105.	Which decoders are less complex?(a) Soft decision decoder(b) Hard decision decoder(c) Hard & Soft decision decoder(d) None of the mentionedThis question was posed to me in homework.This question is from Structured Sequence topic in division Channel Coding of Digital Communications
Answer» Right answer is (b) Hard DECISION DECODER For EXPLANATION: The design of a SOFT decision decoder is more complex than the design of hard decision decoder.

106.	Structured sequences are(a) Block codes(b) Convolutional codes(c) Turbo codes(d) All of the mentionedI had been asked this question in class test.The above asked question is from Structured Sequence topic in portion Channel Coding of Digital Communications
Answer» CORRECT choice is (d) All of the mentioned To EXPLAIN I would say: Structured sequences are those which add structured REDUNDANCY to the SOURCE code. Examples are turbo CODES, block codes, and convolutional codes.

107.	Which code requires minimum Eb/N0?(a) Orthogonal(b) Biorthogonal(c) Simplex(d) All of the mentionedThe question was asked in an online interview.My question comes from Waveform Coding topic in section Channel Coding of Digital Communications
Answer» The CORRECT choice is (c) Simplex Easiest EXPLANATION: A simplex code REPRESENTS the minimum energy EQUIVALENT and it requires minimum Eb/N0 for a specified symbol error rate.

108.	Which codes perform better?(a) Orthogonal(b) Biorthogonal(c) Orthogonal & Biorthogonal(d) None of the mentionedI had been asked this question in my homework.Question is from Waveform Coding topic in division Channel Coding of Digital Communications
Answer» RIGHT answer is (B) Biorthogonal The explanation is: SINCE the antipodal vector has a better distance PROPERTY than the orthogonal SIGNALS, biorthogonal codes perform better than the orthogonal codes.

109.	Transorthogonal code is obtained by(a) Deleting last digit of each orthogonal codeword(b) Deleting first digit of each orthogonal codeword(c) Doubling each digit of orthogonal codeword(d) Taking negative of each digit of orthogonal codewordThe question was posed to me in an interview for internship.My doubt is from Waveform Coding topic in chapter Channel Coding of Digital Communications
Answer» CORRECT option is (b) DELETING first digit of each orthogonal codeword The EXPLANATION is: A code GENERATED from an orthogonal set by deleting the first digit of each codeword is called as transorthogonal code or SIMPLEX code.

110.	Biorthogonal codes needs ________ bandwidth as orthogonal codes.(a) Equal(b) Double(c) Half(d) TripleThis question was addressed to me in final exam.This interesting question is from Waveform Coding topic in section Channel Coding of Digital Communications
Answer» Correct CHOICE is (c) Half The explanation: BIORTHOGONAL codes PERFORM better than the ORTHOGONAL codes and it needs only half the bandwidth as orthogonal codes.

111.	Examples of structured sequences are(a) Block codes(b) Convolutional codes(c) Turbo codes(d) All of the mentionedI have been asked this question during an online interview.Question is from Waveform Coding topic in chapter Channel Coding of Digital Communications
Answer» RIGHT answer is (d) All of the mentioned Best explanation: Some examples of structured sequence or structured REDUNDANCY CODES are block codes, convolutional codes and turbo codes.

112.	In orthogonal signalling as k increase there is(a) Improved error performance(b) Degraded error performance(c) Improved bandwidth(d) None of the mentionedThis question was addressed to me in an online quiz.This interesting question is from Waveform Coding in portion Channel Coding of Digital Communications
Answer» The correct choice is (a) IMPROVED ERROR performance To EXPLAIN I would SAY: In orthogonal signalling as k increases there is improved error performance or a reduction in required Eb/N0 at the expense of bandwidth.

113.	Antipodal signals are(a) Mirror images(b) 1800 apart(c) One is negative of the other(d) All of the mentionedThe question was posed to me in quiz.The question is from Waveform Coding in chapter Channel Coding of Digital Communications
Answer» Correct choice is (d) All of the mentioned The explanation is: ANTIPODAL SIGNALS are MIRROR IMAGES, one is negative of the other and they are 1800 APART.

114.	Orthogonal vectors are(a) Perpendicular to each other(b) Their dot product must be zero(c) One signal cannot interfere with the other(d) All of the mentionedI have been asked this question by my college professor while I was bunking the class.I'm obligated to ask this question of Waveform Coding in chapter Channel Coding of Digital Communications
Answer» The CORRECT option is (d) All of the mentioned Best EXPLANATION: Orthogonal signals are perpendicular to each other, the INNER or dot product between those two signals must equal ZERO, one vector has zero projection over the other because they do not share same signal space.

115.	Channel coding relates to area such as(a) Waveform coding(b) Structured sequence(c) Waveform coding & Structured sequence(d) None of the mentionedI have been asked this question by my school principal while I was bunking the class.Question is from Waveform Coding in division Channel Coding of Digital Communications
Answer» The correct answer is (C) Waveform coding & Structured sequence For explanation: Channel coding can be partitioned into two area of studies, ONE is waveform coding or signal DESIGN and the other is a structured sequence or structured REDUNDANCY.

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