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51.

The Creutzfeld-Jacob disease attacks the ______________(a) heart(b) lungs(c) kidney(d) brainThe question was posed to me by my school teacher while I was bunking the class.The question is from Chemical Basis of Life topic in division Chemical Basis of Life of Cell Biology

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Right option is (d) BRAIN

Explanation: The Creutzfeld-Jacob disease (CJD) is a RARE and fatal disorder that attacks the brain and causes a loss of MOTOR coordination and DEMENTIA.
Discussion
52.

Which of the following steroids is a precursor of hormones such as testosterone, progesterone and estrogen?(a) Collagen(b) Glycogen(c) Cholesterol(d) GlycerolThis question was posed to me by my school teacher while I was bunking the class.Enquiry is from Chemical Basis of Life in division Chemical Basis of Life of Cell Biology

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The correct ANSWER is (c) Cholesterol

To EXPLAIN: Steroids are built on a four-ringed hydrocarbon skeleton. Cholesterol is a steroid and is FOUND majorly in animal cell MEMBRANES, it is also a PRECURSOR in the synthesis of various steroid hormones such as testosterone, progesterone and estrogen.
Discussion
53.

The longest known polypeptide is of the muscle protein called __________(a) chitin(b) myoglobin(c) titin(d) papainThe question was asked in an online quiz.I'd like to ask this question from Chemical Basis of Life topic in chapter Chemical Basis of Life of Cell Biology

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Discussion
54.

Margarine is formed using unsaturated vegetable fats by _________________(a) oxidation(b) catalysis(c) hydrogenation(d) leachingThe question was asked during an interview for a job.Query is from Chemical Basis of Life in division Chemical Basis of Life of Cell Biology

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Right choice is (c) hydrogenation

Explanation: SOLID SHORTENINGS such as margarine are formed by chemically reducing the double bonds present in polyunsaturated vegetables with hydrogen ATOMS. This hydrogenation process also converts some of the cis-double bonds to trans-double bonds which are straight rather than kinked; called partially hydrogenated or trans-fats.
Discussion
55.

Eukaryotic subunits are not capable of self-assembly.(a) True(b) FalseI had been asked this question during an interview.I need to ask this question from Self-assembling Macromolecules in division Chemical Basis of Life of Cell Biology

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Correct OPTION is (a) True

Explanation: Ribosomal subunits of BACTERIA are capable of self-assembly whereas those of eukaryotes are not. Transient ASSOCIATION of PROTEINS is required in the in vitro synthesis of EUKARYOTIC ribosomes that don’t even end up in the final product.
Discussion
56.

Tobacco Mosaic Virus consists of one long molecule of ______________(a) DNA(b) Carbohydrates(c) Glycerol(d) RNAI had been asked this question in final exam.Query is from Self-assembling Macromolecules in chapter Chemical Basis of Life of Cell Biology

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The correct choice is (d) RNA

Explanation: In 1955 at the University of California, it was demonstrated that TMV PARTICLES consist of one long MOLECULE of RNA which is 6600nucleotides long wound in a helical capsule made of 2130 identical PROTEIN subunits.
Discussion
57.

Which of the following conventions is used to denote the presence of carbonyl group in left/right in the chemical structure of a carbohydrate?(a) Positive/ negative(b) -1/ +1(c) L/ R(d) L/ DThe question was posed to me in homework.This key question is from Chemical Basis of Life in portion Chemical Basis of Life of Cell Biology

Answer» CORRECT CHOICE is (d) L/ D

For explanation: When carbonyl group as in ketone or aldehyde is located on the left side the molecule is represented with a PREFIX ‘L-‘, for example L- glyceraldehyde; if present on the right prefix ‘D-‘ is added.
Discussion
58.

Purines and pyrimidines are different molecules.(a) True(b) FalseThis question was addressed to me by my school teacher while I was bunking the class.My doubt stems from Chemical Basis of Life in division Chemical Basis of Life of Cell Biology

Answer» RIGHT option is (a) True

Best EXPLANATION: Purines and pyrimidines are the two types of nitrogenous BASES found in NUCLEIC acids. Pyrimidines are small molecules consisting of one ring and purines are larger containing two rings in their molecules.
Discussion
59.

Histidine is a polar uncharged amino acid.(a) True(b) FalseI had been asked this question in final exam.The doubt is from Chemical Basis of Life topic in division Chemical Basis of Life of Cell Biology

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The correct answer is (b) False

For EXPLANATION: Histidine is considered a polar charged amino acid although it is not fully charged at physiological pH. The ability of Histidine to gain or lose a PROTON in physiological pH RANGES, it is an important residue in active sites of MANY proteins.
Discussion
60.

Ribosomes consist of RNA and _____________(a) carbohydrates(b) nucleic acids(c) proteins(d) nucleotidesThe question was asked during an online interview.The origin of the question is Self-assembling Macromolecules topic in section Chemical Basis of Life of Cell Biology

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The CORRECT choice is (C) PROTEINS

Best explanation: Ribosomes consist of DIFFERENT types of RNAs and proteins. Regardless of the source, all ribosomes contain TWO subunits of different sizes.
Discussion
61.

Which bonds are present in two neighboring amino acids?(a) Glycosidic bonds(b) Polypeptide bonds(c) Amide bonds(d) Hydrogen bondsI got this question in an internship interview.The above asked question is from Chemical Basis of Life in section Chemical Basis of Life of Cell Biology

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The correct answer is (b) POLYPEPTIDE bonds

Easiest explanation: Peptide bonds are present between two CONSECUTIVE amino acids. Carboxyl GROUP of one amino acid is BONDED to the amino group of neighboring amino acid, by the ELIMINATION of water.
Discussion
62.

How many carboxyl groups are present in fatty acids?(a) 1(b) 2(c) 3(d) 4I have been asked this question during an online interview.My doubt is from Chemical Basis of Life topic in division Chemical Basis of Life of Cell Biology

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The correct ANSWER is (a) 1

The explanation is: Fatty acids are long chain HYDROCARBONS containing only one carboxyl group at the end of the molecule. Three fatty acid chains link up via ester BONDS to a glycerol molecule to form TRIACYLGLYCEROL. The hydrocarbon chain of fatty acids is hydrophobic and the carboxyl group is HYDROPHILIC.
Discussion
63.

Enzymes in a cell can distinguish between L and D forms of sugar.(a) True(b) FalseThis question was addressed to me in quiz.The origin of the question is Chemical Basis of Life topic in section Chemical Basis of Life of Cell Biology

Answer» RIGHT answer is (a) True

Easy explanation: Enzymes present in a LIVING cell can differentiate between the D and L FORMS of sugar. Therefore, a cell uses only ONE of the stereoisomers. For example, only D-glucose is used.
Discussion
64.

Lipids cannot dissolve in _____________(a) organic solvents(b) chloroform(c) benzene(d) waterI had been asked this question by my college professor while I was bunking the class.The above asked question is from Chemical Basis of Life in section Chemical Basis of Life of Cell Biology

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Right answer is (d) water

For explanation: LIPIDS are VITAL biomolecules that have a characteristic PROPERTY of being able to dissolve in organic SOLVENTS such as benzene and CHLOROFORM and their inability to dissolve in water.
Discussion
65.

Which types of bonds are found in sugars?(a) amide(b) acidic(c) glycosidic(d) non-covalentI got this question in homework.Enquiry is from Chemical Basis of Life in chapter Chemical Basis of Life of Cell Biology

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Correct option is (c) glycosidic

The explanation is: Sugars are joined to one another by covalent glycosidic bonds that play a major ROLE in the FORMATION of large SUGAR MOIETIES. In these bonds carbon of one sugar molecule bonds with the hydroxyl GROUP of another sugar generating a –C-O-C- linkage.
Discussion
66.

Which of the following is released when a Hydrogen atom loses an electron?(a) Nucleus(b) Proton(c) Charge(d) IonThis question was addressed to me in an online interview.This intriguing question originated from Chemical Basis of Life topic in portion Chemical Basis of Life of Cell Biology

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Right answer is (b) Proton

The explanation is: WHENEVER a hydrogen atom releases a shared electron in solution, a proton is ALSO released. For EXAMPLE, acetic acid undergoes dissociation reaction to release acetate ION and a proton.
Discussion
67.

Carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions buffer which of the following?(a) Cytosol(b) Cytoplasm(c) Blood(d) LymphThe question was asked in class test.Origin of the question is Chemical Basis of Life topic in section Chemical Basis of Life of Cell Biology

Answer» RIGHT CHOICE is (c) Blood

To elaborate: CARBONIC acid and bicarbonate ions buffer the blood and hold its pH at 7.4. Carbonic acid is a weak acid and bicarbonate ions are BASIC in nature. A CHANGE in pH of the blood can lead to abnormalities.
Discussion
68.

What is the full form of pH?(a) Positive hydrogen(b) Potential Hydrogen(c) Positron(d) Proton of hydrogenI got this question in homework.The query is from Chemical Basis of Life topic in chapter Chemical Basis of Life of Cell Biology

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Correct ANSWER is (b) Potential Hydrogen

Explanation: The acidity of a compound is measured by the concentration of hydrogen ions and is expressed in terms of PH- potential hydrogen. pH equals NEGATIVE logarithmic concentration of PROTONS.
Discussion
69.

Fructose is a _____________(a) aldose sugar(b) ketose sugar(c) monosaccharide(d) polymerI got this question during a job interview.Question is from Chemical Basis of Life in division Chemical Basis of Life of Cell Biology

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Right answer is (b) ketose sugar

The best I can EXPLAIN: Fructose is a ketose sugar because the carbonyl GROUP (C==O) is located in an INTERNAL POSITION to form a ketone group. If the carbonyl bond is located at one end of the sugar it is CALLED aldose sugar.
Discussion