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5601.

Give the structural formula of each of theButan-2-ol

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SOLUTION :`H_3 C - CH_2 - oversetunderset(|)(OH)(C)H - CH_3`
Discussion
5602.

Give the structural formula of each of the An isomer of butane

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SOLUTION :`H_3C - oversetunderset(|)(CH_3)(C)H - CH_3`
Discussion
5603.

Give the structural formula of each of the 2-Methylpropane

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SOLUTION :`H_3C - oversetunderset(|)(CH_3)(C)H - CH_3`
Discussion
5604.

Give the structural difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons with an example each.

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Solution :`{:("Saturated hydrocarbons"," Unsaturated hydrocarbons "),("They have a single BOND ","They have DOUBLE or triple "),("between CARBON atoms ","BONDS between carbon atoms "):}`
`underset("Methane")(H-underset(H)underset(|)OVERSET(H)overset(|)(C )-H) "" underset("Ethane")(H-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)(C )-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)(C )-H)`
Discussion
5605.

Give thesalientfeaturesof " Modern atomictheory".

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Solution :An atomis nolongerindivisible:
(i) Atomsof thesameelementmayhavedifferentatomicmass . E.gisotopes`""_(17)Cl ^(35) ,""_(17)Cl ^(37)`.
(ii) ATOMS ofdifferentelementsmayhavesameatomicmasses, e.gIsobars`""_(18)Ar ^(40), S_(20)Ca ^(40) ` .
(III)Atomsof oneelementcan betransmutedintoatomsof otherelements . Atomis nolongerindestrutiblediscoveryof artificialtransmutation .
(iv )Atomsmaynotalwayscombinein a simplewholenumberratio. e.gGlucose`C_(6) H_(12)O_(6) `
(v )Atomis thesmallestparticlethat takepartin achemicalreaction .
(vi )Massof anatomcan beconvertedintoenergy. E`=mc ^(2) ` .
Discussion
5606.

Give the salient features of ''Modern atomic theory''.

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Solution :The salient FEATURES of ..Modern atomic theory.. are,
(i) An atom is no longer indivisible.
ii. Atoms of the same ELEMENT may have different atomic mass.
iii. Atoms of different element may have same atomic masses.
iv. Atoms of one elemen can be transuted into atoms of other elements. In other WORDS, atom is no longer INDESTRUCTIBLE.
v. Atoms may not always combine in a SIMPLE whole number ratio.
vi. Atom is the smallest particle that takes part in a chemical reaction.
vii. The mass of an atom can be converted into energy `[E=mc^(2)]`.
Discussion
5607.

Give the reason why copper is used to make hot water tanks but steel (an alloy of iron) is not.

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Solution :This is because IRON present in steel reacts with steam to form ferrosoferric oxide WHEREAS copper has no action with water. As a result of it, the body of the steel tank BECOMES weaker and weaker in case of iron and not in case of copper.
`3FE(s)+4H_(2)O(g)overset(DELTA)hArrunderset("Ferrosoferric oxide")(Fe_(3)O_(4)(s))+4H_(2)(g)`
Discussion
5608.

Give the principle behindhydraulic washing .

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SOLUTION :The DIFFERENCEIN the densitiesor specificgravitiesof the ORE and GANGUE is the main principlebehindthis method.
Discussion
5609.

Give the number of group and the period, of theelement having three shells with three electronsin valence shells.

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SOLUTION :GROUP = 13, PERIOD = 3
Discussion
5610.

Give the number of elements in 2^(nd)and5^(th) period in Modern Periodic Table.

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SOLUTION :`2^(nd)` period has 8 elements, `5^(TH)` Period has 18 elements.
Discussion
5611.

Give the names of the functional groups: (i) -OH (ii) -overset(|)C=O

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SOLUTION :(i) ALCOHOLIC GROUP (II) Ketonic group.
Discussion
5612.

Give the names of the functional groups : a) -CHO b) -C=O c) -OH d) -COOH

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SOLUTION :a) Aldehydic GROUPS B) ketonic groups c) Alcoholicd) CARBOXYLIC
Discussion
5613.

What is meant by alkali? Give two examples.

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SOLUTION :SODIUM HYDROXIDE (NaOH) and POTASSIUM hydroxide (KOH).
Discussion
5614.

Give the names of the following functional groups : (i) -OH (ii) -COOH

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SOLUTION :(i) ALCOHOLIC GROUP (ii) CARBOXYLIC acid group.
Discussion
5615.

Give the names of the following functional groups : (i) - OH (ii) -COOH.

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SOLUTION :(i) ALCOHOLIC GROUP (II) CARBOXYLIC group.
Discussion
5616.

Give the names of the following compounds : (i) CH_(3) - CH_(2) -CH_(2) -CH(OH)-CH_(3) (ii) CH_(3)-CH_(2)-CH_(2)-COOH

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SOLUTION :(i)2- PENTANOL (ii) Butanoic acid
Discussion
5617.

Give the name of the reaction which is used in the conversion of vegtable oils into soap.

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SOLUTION :SAPONIFICATION
Discussion
5618.

Give the name and structure of the simplest ketone .

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
5619.

Give the IUPAC names of the H_3C - (CH_3)(C)H - CH_3

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SOLUTION :2-Methylpropane
Discussion
5620.

Give the IUPAC names of the H_3C - CH_2 - undersetoverset(|)(OH)(C)H - CH_2 _ CH_3

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SOLUTION :Pentan-3-ol
Discussion
5621.

Give the IUPAC names of the H_2undersetoverset(|)(Cl)(C) - undersetoverset(|)(Cl)(C)H_2

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SOLUTION :1,2-Dichloroethane
Discussion
5622.

Give the IUPAC names of the CH_3 - oversetunderset(|)(H)(C) = O

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SOLUTION :ETHANOL
Discussion
5623.

Give the IUPAC names of the CH_3 - COOH

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SOLUTION : ETHANOIC ACID
Discussion
5624.

Give the IUPAC names of the CH_3 - C -= C - CH_3

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SOLUTION :But-2-yne
Discussion
5625.

Give the IUPAC names of the CH_2 = CH - CH_3

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SOLUTION :Prop-1-ene
Discussion
5626.

Give the IUPAC name of formic acid.

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SOLUTION :Methanoic ACID.
Discussion
5627.

Give the IUPAC name of C_2H_5COCH_3.

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SOLUTION :BUTANONE.
Discussion
5628.

Give the formula of a crystal of copper sulphate.

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SOLUTION :`CuSO_(4) . 5H_(2)O`
Discussion
5629.

Give the example of metal and nonmetal existing in liquid state.

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SOLUTION : LIQUID metal : Mercury (Hg) and GALLIUM (Ga): Liquid NON metal : Bromine (Br)
Discussion
5630.

Give the equations for the following conversions A to E.

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Solution :(A) `ZnSO_(4)+MgCO_(3)toZnCO_(3)+MgSO_(4)`
(B) `ZnCO_(3)+2HNO_(3)toZn(NO_(3))_(2)+CO_(2)+H_(2)O`
( C) `Zn(NO_(3))_(2)+2NH_(4)OHtoZn(OH)_(2)+NH_(4)NO_(3)`
(D) `Zn(OH)_(2)overset("Heat")toZnO+H_(2)O`
(E) `ZnO+H_(2)SO_(4)toZnSO_(4)+H_(2)O`
Discussion
5631.

Give the equation for the preparation of each of the following salts from the starting material given Potassium sulphate from potassium hydroxide solution.

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SOLUTION :`2KOH+H_(2)SO_(4)toK_(2)SO_(4)+2H_(2)O`
Discussion
5632.

Give the equation for the preparation of each of the following salts from the starting material given Lead chloride from lead carbonate (two equations).

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SOLUTION :`PbCO_(3)+2HNO_(3)toPb(NO_(3))_(2)+CO_(2)+H_(2)O`
`Pb(NO_(3))_(2)+2HCl toPbCl_(2)+2HNO_(3)`
Discussion
5633.

Give the equation for the preparation of each of the following salts from the starting material given Iron(III) chloride from iron.

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SOLUTION :`2Fe+2Cl_(2)to2FeCl_(3)`
Discussion
5634.

Give the equation for the preparation of each of the following salts from the starting material given Copper sulphate from copper (II) oxide.

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SOLUTION :`CuO+dilH_(2)SO_(4)toCuSO_(4)+H_(2)O`
Discussion
5635.

Give the differences between electrolytic reduction and reduction with carbon.

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
5636.

Give the difference between Ore and Mineral.

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
5637.

Give the chemical equation for the reaction the occurs between iron and copper sulphate solution.

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SOLUTION :`Fe+ CuSO_(4) to FeSO_(4) + Cu`
Discussion
5638.

Give the characteristic tests for the following gases. (a) CO_(2)""(b) SO_(2) (c) O_(2)""(d) H_(2)

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Solution :(a) Test for `CO_(2)` gas (LIME water test ) When `CO_(2)` gas is passed through lime water, it turns milky due to the formation of INSOLUBLE calcium carbonate.
`underset(underset("(colourless)")("Lime water"))(Ca(OH)_(2)(aq))+underset(underset("DIOXIDE")("Carbon"))(CO_(2))to underset(underset(underset("(white)")("carbonate"))("Carbon"))(CaCO_(3)(s))+underset("Water")(H_(2)O)`
If the gas is in excess, milkiness disappears due to the formation of soluble calcium bicarbonate.
`underset(underset("dioxide")("Carbon"))(CO_(2))+underset("Water")(H_(2)O)+underset(underset("carbonare")("Calcium"))(CaCO_(3))to underset(underset(underset("(soluble)")("bicarbonate"))("Calcium"))(Ca(HCO_(3))_(2))`
(b) Test for `SO_(2)` gas
(i) Sulphur dioxide gas turns moist litmus papar blue to red because `SO_(2)` is acidic in nature.
(ii) Sulphur dioxide gas turns acidified POTASSIUM dichromate (vi) solution from orange to green.
`underset(underset("dichromate")("Potassium"))(K_(2)Cr_(2)O_(7))+3SO_(2)+H_(2)SO_(4)to underset(underset("sulphate")("Chromium"))(Cr_(2)(SO_(4))_(3))+K_(2)SO_(4)+H_(2)O`
(c) Test for `O_(2)` gas When a wooden splinter is brought near the mouth of the gas jar containing oxygen gas, it burns BRIGHTLY as oxygen is the supporter of combustion.
`underset("Wood")(C)+underset("Oxgen")(O_(2))to underset(underset("dioxide")("Carbon"))(CO_(2))+"Heat +Light"`
(d) Test for `H_(2)` gas Hydrogen gas burns in the presence of air or oxygen with a pop sound when a burning candle is brought near it.
Discussion
5639.

Give the characteristic tests for the following gases: (i) CO_(2) (ii) SO_(2) (iii) O_(2) (iv) H_(2)

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Solution :The characteristic test for
(i) Carbon dioxide `(CO_(2))` gas TURNS lime water milky when passed throught it due to the formation of insoluble calcium carbonate.
`underset("Lime water")(CA(OH)_(2))+underset("dioxide")underset("Carbon")(CO_(2))rarrunderset("carbonate")underset("Calcium")(CaCO_(3))+H_(2)O`
(ii) Sulphur dioxide `(SO_(2))` gas when passed through acidic potassium permanganate solution (purple in colour) turns it colourless because `SO_(2)` is a strong reducing agent.
`undersetundersetunderset(("Purple"))("permanganate")("Potassium")(2KMnO_(4))+2H_(2)O+underset("dioxide")underset("Sulphur")(5SO_(2))rarrundersetundersetunderset(("Colourless"))("sulphate")("Potassium")(K_(2)SO_(4))+undersetundersetunderset(("Colourless"))("Sulphate")("Manganese")(2MnSO_(4))+2H_(2)SO_(4)`
(iii) The EVOLUTION of oxygen `(O_(2))` gas during a reaction can be confirmed by bringing a burning candle near the month of the test tube containing the reaction mixture. The intensity of the flame increases because oxygen supports burning.
(iv) Hydrogen `(H_(2))` gas burns with a POP sound when a burning candle is brought near it.
Discussion
5640.

Give the characteristic test for the following gases. SO_(2)

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SOLUTION :DECOLOURISES ACIDIFIED POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE
Discussion
5641.

Give the characteristic tests for the following gases : (a) CO_(2)(b) SO_(2) (c) O_(2)(d) H_(2)

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Solution :(a) `CO_(2)` gas : It is a COLOURLESS and odourless gas. When passed through lime water, it will initially become milky.
`Ca(OH)_(2)(aq) + CO_(2)(g) + H_(2)O(aq) to underset("(Colourless)")(Ca(HCO_(3))_(2)(aq))`
(b) `SO_(2)` gas : It is a colourless but a pungent smelling gas. The gas when passed through an acidified solution of potassium permanganate (pink) will decolourise it.
`underset("(Pink)")(2KMnO_(4)) + 5SO_(2) + 2H_(2)O to K_(2)SO_(4) + 2MnSO_(4) + 2H_(2)SO_(4)`
Similarly, the gas when passed through an acidified solution of potassium dichromate (orange) will make it light green.
`underset("(Orange)")(K_(2)Cr_(2)O_(7)) + 3SO_(2) + H_(2)SO_(4) to K_(2)SO_(4) + underset("(Light green)")(Cr_(2)(SO_(4))_(3) +) H_(2)O`
(c) Oxygen gas : The gas is a supporter of combustion. It can be TESTED by bringing a burning or smouldering match-stick near the MOUTH of the test tube from which the gas escapes. The match-stick will burn more brightly.
(d) Hydrogen gas : The gas itself is COMBUSTIBLE. It will burn with a pop sound when a burning candle or match-stick is brought near it.
`2H_(2)(g) + O_(2) (g) to 2H_(2)O(g)`
Discussion
5642.

Give the characteristic test for the following gases. O_(2)

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SOLUTION :Rekindles GLOWING SPLINTER
Discussion
5643.

Give the characteristic test for the following gases. CO_(2)

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Solution :When passed through LIME WATER, it TURNS lime water milky.
Discussion
5644.

Give the characteristic test for the following gases. H_(2)

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SOLUTION :Burns with a POP sound and PUTS off FLAME.
Discussion
5645.

Give the balanced chemical equation of the following reactions: (i) Neutralization of NaOH with ethanoic acid. (ii) Evolution of carbon dioxide by the action of ethanoic acid with the NaHCO_(3). (iii) Oxidation of ethanol by acidified potassium dichromate. (iv) Combustion of ethanol.

Answer»

Solution :(i) Neutralization reaction:
`underset("Acetic acid")(CH_(3)COOH)+underset("Sodium HYDROXIDE")(NaOH)rarrunderset("Sodium acetate")(CH_(3)COONa)+H_(2)O`
(II) Evolution of `CO_(2)`:
`CH_(3)COOH+NaHCO_(3)rarrCH_(3)COONa+H_(2)O+CO_(2)`
(iii) Oxidation of ethanol by `K_(2)Cr_(2)O_(7)`:
`CH_(3)CH_(2)OHunderset(2[O])overset(K_(2)Cr_(2)O_(7)|H^(+))rarrunderset("ETHANOIC acid")(CH_(3)COOH)+H_(2)O`
(iv) Combustion of ethanol:
`C_(2)H_(5)OH+3O_(2)rarr2CO_(2)+3H_(2)O`
Discussion
5646.

Give the balanced chemical equations for the Reaction used in black and white photography

Answer»

Solution :`2AgBr(s) OVERSET("SUNLIGHT")to 2Ag(s)+Br_(2)(G)`
Discussion
5647.

Give the balanced chemical equations for theFormation of water from H_(2) andO_(2)

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SOLUTION :`2H_(2)(G) +O_(2)(g) to 2H_(2)O(I)`
Discussion
5648.

Give the balanced chemical equations for theReaction of oxidation of glucose

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Solution :`C_(6)H_(12)O_(6)(s) +6O_(2) (G) to 6CO_(2)(g)+ 6H_(2)O(g)+"Energy"`
Discussion
5649.

Give suitable reasons for the following statements: (i) Rain water conducts electricity but distilled water does not. (ii) We feel burning sensation in the stomach when we over seat. (iii) A tarnished copper vessels regain its shine when rubbed with lemon. (iv) The crystals of washing soda change to white powder on exposure to air.

Answer»

SOLUTION :(i) Distilled water does not conduct electricity because it does not contain any IONIC compound like acids, bases or salts dissolved in it.
(ii) When we over eat, excess of acid is produced in the stomach which causes burning sensation.
(iii) COPPER vessels tarnish due to formation of basic copper carbonate which gets neutralized when rubbed with lemon and the copper vessels regains its shine.
(iv) WASHING soda is sodium carbonate decahydrate which when exposed to air loses 10 MOLECULES of water and changes to white powder.
Discussion
5650.

Give suitable reason for the following statements : (i) We feel burning sensation in the stomach when we overeat. (ii) The crystals of washing soda change to white powder on exposure to ait. (iii) An aqueous solution of sodium chloride is neutral but an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate is basic .

Answer»

SOLUTION :(i) When we overeat excess of acid is PRODUCED in the STOMACH which causes burning sensation.
(ii) Washing soda is sodium carbonate decahydrate which when exposed to air loses 10 MOLECULES of water and changes to white powder .
(iii) Sodium chloride is salt of strong acid HCL and strong base NaOH, so it is neutral .
Sodium carbonate is a salt of weak acid `H_(2)CO_(3)` and strong base NaOH, so it is basic .
Discussion