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InterviewSolution
This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your Class 11 knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 2351. |
What is Lewis base..?? |
| Answer» Ohhh???hn piche to mera bhi h syllabus.. but padhai is time thik chal rii???<br>Atomic or molecular chemical species having a highly localized HOMO (The Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital) act as Lewis bases. These chemical species have the ability to donate an electron pair to a given Lewis acid in order to form an adduct, as discussed earlier. The most common Lewis bases are ammonia, alkyl amines, and other conventional amines. Commonly, Lewis bases are anionic in nature and their base strength generally depends on the pKa of the corresponding parent acid. Since Lewis bases are electron-rich species that have the ability to donate electron-pairs, they can be classified as nucleophiles. Similarly, Lewis acids can be classified as electrophiles (since they behave as electron-pair acceptors). | |
| 2352. |
Which out of NH3 and NF3 has greater dipole moment and why? ? |
| Answer» achhi chal rii☺apki??<br>Mai vdiyaa ? aap kese ho??<br>The dipole moment of NH3 is higher in comparison to NF3.REASON The F i.e. fluorine is more electronegative than N and pulls the electrons . As the number NF bonds is 3 the 3 F atoms pull the electrons. The resulting electronegative forces decrease the dipole moment. | |
| 2353. |
What is direct process |
| Answer» The Direct Process, also called the Direct Synthesis, Rochow Process, and Müller-Rochow Process is the most common technology for preparing organosilicon compounds on an industrial scale. It was first reported independently by Eugene G. Rochow and Richard Müller in the 1940s. | |
| 2354. |
How many significant figures in 0.250 number |
| Answer» 3<br>3<br>3<br>3 significant figure<br>3 | |
| 2355. |
Lewis symbols |
| Answer» A electron dot sym<br>During the chemical combination,the electrons involved of an outermost shell is called as valence electron.Lewis introduced a simple notation to represent this valence electron.These notations are called as Lewis symbols or electron dot symbol. | |
| 2356. |
State le chateliers principle |
| Answer» Le Chatelier\'s principle states that when a system in chemical equilibrium is disturbed by a change of temperature, pressure, or a concentration, the system shifts in equilibrium composition in a way that tends to counteract this change of variable. | |
| 2357. |
What is hund rule? |
| Answer» Aufbau principle tells us that the lowest energy orbitals get filled by electrons first. After the lower energy orbitals are filled, the electrons move on to higher energy orbitals. The problem with this rule is that it does not tell about the three 2p orbitals and the order that they will be filled in.According to Hund’s rule:\tBefore the double occupation of any orbital, every orbital in the sub level is singly occupied.\tFor the maximization of total spin, all electrons in a single occupancy orbital have the same spin.An electron will not pair with another electron in a half-filled orbital as it has the ability to fill all its orbitals with similar energy. Many unpaired electrons are present in atoms which are at the ground state. If two electrons come in contact they would show the same behaviour as two magnets do. The electrons first try to get as far away from each other as possible before they have to pair up. | |
| 2358. |
What is the difference between valency and oxidation number? |
| Answer» 1. Valency is the maximum no. of electrons which an atom can lose or gain while oxidation no. is the actual no. of electrons which the element lose or gain to form a molecule.2. Valency is the property of an isolated atom while oxidation state is calculated for an atom is present in a molecule i.e, in a bonded state.3. Valency of an element remains the same while its oxidation state may be different in different molecules. | |
| 2359. |
Why does cl express negative charge in Nacl but positive charge in cl2O7 |
| Answer» Cl express positive charge in cl2o7 because it is oxacids | |
| 2360. |
Define molecular mass.. |
| Answer» Molecular mass of an element is defined as the sum of the masses of the elements present in the molecule. Molecular mass is obtained by multiplying the atomic mass of an element with the number of atoms in the molecule and then adding the masses of all the elements in the molecule. Let us see an example: carbon dioxide.The molecular mass of carbon dioxide\xa0CO2\xa0= atomic mass of carbon + 2 × (atomic mass of oxygen)= 12.011 u + 2 × (16.00 u)= 44.011 u | |
| 2361. |
Draw the Lewis structure of CO3-2 |
| Answer» In the Lewis structure, the outermost orbit electrons of each atom is shown. The Lewis structure for\xa0CO32−\u200b\xa0is shown in the figure.<br>the Lewis structure, the outermost orbit electrons of each atom is shown. The Lewis structure for\xa0CO32−\u200b\xa0is shown in the figure. | |
| 2362. |
Prove that del (h= qp) to enthalpy nutrilisation |
| Answer» The enthalpy is defined by H = E + pV for a change in the states of system ΔH = Δ (E + pV) = ΔE + Δ (pV) = ΔE + pΔV + VΔp ....(i) 1st law of thermodynamics states that ΔE = q + W = q - pΔV ....(ii) From equations (i) and (ii) ΔH = q - pΔV + pΔV + VΔp = q + VΔp When the pressure is constant, Δp = 0, and thus VΔp = 0, therefore ΔH = q (at constant pressure) or, ΔH = qPRead more on Sarthaks.com - https://www.sarthaks.com/602390/with-the-help-of-first-law-of-thermodynamics-and-the-definition-h-e-pv-prove-that-h-qp | |
| 2363. |
What type of orbitals can overlap to form a covalent bond |
| Answer» Half-filled atomic orbitals containing electrons with opposite spin. | |
| 2364. |
Name the electrons which take part in bond formation |
| Answer» Only the electrons present in the outer shell, also known as the valence electrons take part in the formation of chemical bonds.<br>Valence electron | |
| 2365. |
Name and draw structure of two compounds which can form intra molecular hydrogen bonding. |
| Answer» 2 compounds which can form intra molecular hydrogen bonding are-1). Ethylene glycol 2). Ortho-nitro phenol Sorry can\'t draw structure here.? | |
| 2366. |
Born haber cycle for NaCl. Please explain the terms used. |
| Answer» Born Haber process or more commonly referred to as Born Haber cycle is a method that allows us to observe and analyze energies in a reaction. It mainly helps in describing the formation of ionic compounds from different elements. The methodology further enables us to understand the overall reaction process through a series of steps.\xa0Born-Haber cycle was introduced in the year 1919 by German scientists named Fritz Haber and Max Born. Born Haber cycle is mainly used to calculate the lattice energy. It also involves several steps or processes such as electron affinity, ionization energy, sublimation energy, the heat of formation and dissociation energy | |
| 2367. |
What does these symbols represent? (Thermodynamics). Please define also.1). ∆H° 2). ∆fH° 3). ∆rH |
| Answer» ∆rH for a reaction is defined as the difference between ∆fH value of products and ∆fH value of reactants.∆H is negative for exothermic reactions which evolve heat during the reaction and∆H is positive for endothermic reactions which absorb heat from the surroundings. | |
| 2368. |
Electronic configurations of Cu and Cr? |
| Answer» The Electronic configuration of Cr and Cu are given below ⇒\xa01. Cr = 24 = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 4p⁶ 4s¹ 3d⁵2. Cu = 29 = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 4p⁶ 4s¹ 3d¹⁰\xa0These electronic configuration are exceptional because electrons entered in 3-d orbitals without filling the 4s orbitals complete.Reason for the Exceptions ⇒ It is said that d orbitals can be stable if it is half filled or full filled.Thus, In the given case, electrons reaches near the half filled and full filled thus due to the attraction one electrons from the s orbitals came in d orbitals.<br>Electronic configuration of Chromium, with atomic number\xa024=1s22s22p63s23p64s13d5.Electronic configuration of Copper, with atomic number\xa029=1s22s22p63s23p64s13d10. | |
| 2369. |
Methods of Purification of water experiment |
| Answer» \xa0Distillation is the process of obtaining a pure liquid from solution.The vapours of the liquid are cooled to get pure liquid.\xa0\xa0\xa0Distillation of water involves the boiling of water and the vapours form are condensed in condenser.Condensation of water vapours gives pure water. | |
| 2370. |
Write the type of hybrid orbitals associated with B in BF3 and P in PCl5 |
| Answer» Boron forms three equivalent sp2 hybrid orbitals . phosphorus forms five sp3d hybrid orbitals | |
| 2371. |
Why free rotation about a sigma bond is not possible?? |
| Answer» Free rotation around a bond is possible when the bond is formed by linear overlap. Hence there is free rotation around a sigma bond. There is no free rotation around a bond formed by parallel overlap. Thus, there is no free rotation around a pi-bond. | |
| 2372. |
Which is more stable O2 or N2 and why? |
| Answer» Molecular orbitals of nitrogen and oxygen is as below:\xa0Nitrogen molecule has 14 electrons. So the electron distributions in molecular orbital are as below\xa0N2\xa0= σ1s2\xa0σ*1s2 σ2s2\xa0σ*2s2 σ2px2 π(2py22pz2) \xa0Bond order = (No. of electrons in bonding orbitals - No. of electrons in bonding orbitals)/2 =(10-4)/2 = 3\xa0Oxygen molecule has 16 electrons. So the electron distributions in molecular orbital are as below\xa0O2\xa0= σ1s2\xa0σ*1s2 σ2s2\xa0σ*2s2 σ2px2 π(2py22pz2) π*(2py1\xa02pz1)Bond order= (10-6)/2 = 2\xa0As bond order of nitrogen is more than that of oxygen, nitrogen is more stable than oxygen. | |
| 2373. |
What is resonance and resonating structures? |
| Answer» ResonanceIt is given by\xa0Heisenberg.He took a molecule of ozone. Its structure was represented as:According to the structure, it is clearly seen that it has one double bond and another single bond. So, obviously the bond lengths will be different. For double bond between oxygen atoms, the bond length is 121pm and for single bond it is 148pm.Resonance structures: Is defined as difference between actual bond energy and energy of most stable resonating structures.\xa0\tResonance averages the bond characteristics of a molecule as a whole.\tResonance stabilizes the molecule because energy of the resonance hybrid is less than the energy of any canonical forms. | |
| 2374. |
Find out which of the following molecules does not exist:i) Be2ii) C2 |
| Answer» See..this concept is cleared by MOT (Molecular Orbital Theory)U can google it<br>Be has electronic configuration 1S2,2S2\xa0and s orbital is completely filled and doesn\'t require any electron to complete its orbital.Hence, Be2\xa0doesn\'t exist at all. | |
| 2375. |
Explain why CCl4 has a zero dipole moment although C-Cl bonds are polar? |
| Answer» CCl4 molecule has zero dipole moment although the c-cl bond are polar this is because the shape of the molecule is tetrahedral and this make it very symmetrical and the four polar bond cancel out each other. so they have zero dipole moment. | |
| 2376. |
Why FeCl3 has greater covalent character than FeCl2? |
| Answer» According\xa0to\xa0Fajans\xa0rule....The\xa0charge\xa0on\xa0the\xa0ion\xa0increases\xa0the\xa0covalent\xa0character\xa0also\xa0increases\xa0because.a\xa0high\xa0charge\xa0containing\xa0cation\xa0can\xa0polarise\xa0the\xa0anion\xa0more\xa0easilyas\xa0in\xa0fecl3\xa0the\xa0charge\xa0of\xa0fe\xa0is\xa0+3\xa0and\xa0the\xa0charge\xa0of\xa0fe\xa0in\xa0FeCl2\xa0is\xa0+2the\xa0charge\xa0of\xa0fe\xa0in\xa0FeCl3\xa0is\xa0more\xa0so\xa0fecl3\xa0is\xa0more\xa0covalent | |
| 2377. |
Why ethyl alcohol is completely soluble in water? |
| Answer» The presence of -OH group helps in formation of hydrogen bonding. This helps in solubility of ethanol in water. | |
| 2378. |
Limitations of Arrhenius concept |
| Answer» (i) Limited scope: Arrhenius concept is limited to aqueous medium only. It fails to explain the behaviour of acids and bases in a non-aqueous solvent like ammonia,sulphur dioxide,alcohol, etc.(ii) According to Arrhenius, the acidic and basic properties are due to H+\xa0and OH–ions respectively. However, these ions do not exist as such that readily get hydrated and represented as H+\xa0(aq) and OH–\xa0(aq).(iii) It fails to explain the acidic nature of CO2, SO2, SO3, N2O5\xa0which do not contain any hydrogen.(iv) It fails to explain the basic nature of CaO, NH3,Na2CO3\xa0which do not contain any hydroxyl group. | |
| 2379. |
Electronic configuration of Cr and Cu? |
| Answer» Electronic configuration of Chromium, with atomic number\xa024=1s22s22p63s23p64s13d5.Electronic configuration of Copper, with atomic number\xa029=1s22s22p63s23p64s13d10. | |
| 2380. |
Y GeX4 is more stable than GeX2 |
| Answer» As we know Germenium Ge has the ground state electron configuration of 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s2, 3d10, 4p2Now in the condition of GeX2 the two electrons are removed from the p shell,and in case of GeX4 the more two electrons are removed from 4s shell because it has low energy than d shell and the rest configuration remains same .Now according to the question GeX4 is more stable because it does not have a full valence so it is unfilled valance so GeX4 is more stable than GeX2.On the other hand,in pbx2 , oxidation state of pb =+2 and pbx4 , oxidation state of pb =+4 we know ,oxidation state of +2 is more stable than +4 . due to inert pair effect. | |
| 2381. |
Equilbrium hota kya hai |
| Answer» Jab reaction ki gibbs energy minimum ho jati hai toh reaction agge nahi jata orr ek jagah rukk jata hai toh use state ko equillibrium kaha jata hai<br>Hy<br>Jis reaction m reactant aur product m koi change nhi hota | |
| 2382. |
Electronic configuration of Cu+ |
| Answer» [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹ | |
| 2383. |
What is Boyle law |
| Answer» Boyle’s LawBoyle’s law was stated by Robert Boyle.It states that at constanttemperature, the pressure of a fixednumber of moles nof gasvaries inversely with its volume.k1\xa0= Proportionality constant.It depends upon the amount and temperature of gas. It also depends upon the units in which p as well v are expressed.Let volume V1\xa0is occupied at pressure P1\xa0and temperature T1.Again volume V2\xa0is occupied at pressure P2\xa0and temperature T2. Mathematically, as per Boyle’s law:P1\xa0V1= P2\xa0V2\xa0= ConstantP1/P2 = V2/V1<br>Boyle’s Law\tBoyle’s law was stated by Robert Boyle.\tIt states that at constanttemperature, the pressure of a fixednumber of moles nof gasvaries inversely with its volume.k1\xa0= Proportionality constant.\tIt depends upon the amount and temperature of gas. It also depends upon the units in which p as well v are expressed.\tLet volume V1\xa0is occupied at pressure P1\xa0and temperature T1.\tAgain volume V2\xa0is occupied at pressure P2\xa0and temperature T2. Mathematically, as per Boyle’s law:P1\xa0V1= P2\xa0V2\xa0= ConstantP1/P2\xa0\xa0= V2/V1\xa0 | |
| 2384. |
What is an ionic bond. Mention the factors which affect it. |
| Answer» The bond formed by the transference of electrons from one atom to another is called as ionic bond.The conditions required for the formation of stable ionic bond are:1)the value of ionisation enthalpy should be low.2)the value of electron gain enthalpy should be greater negative 3) lattice enthalpy should be high<br>The electrostatic force of attraction which holds the two oppositely charged ions together is called the ionic bond.Ionic bond and factors affecting it\tIt is formed by transfer of electrons.\tIt is formed between metal and no metal.\tIn it metal always loses electrons and non-metal always accepts electron. | |
| 2385. |
What is sp3 hybridization explain by taking methane as an example. |
| Answer» During the formation of methane molecule the carbon atom undergoes sp3 hybridization in the excited state by mixing one 2s and three 2p orbitals to furnish four half filled sp3 hybrid orbitals which are oriented in tetrahedral symmetry in space around the carbon atom. Each of these sp3 hybrid orbitals forms a σsp3-s bond with one hydrogen atom. Thus carbon forms four σsp3-s bonds with four hydrogen atoms.Methane molecule is tetrahedral in shape with 109°28 bond angle. | |
| 2386. |
What is ionization enthaply , electronegativity and how they vary in the periodic table |
| Answer» The amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron from outermost shell found in an isolated gaseous state to form a cation is called as ionization enthalpy. The tendancy of an element to attract the bond pair of an electrons of another atom is called as electronegativity Variation in ionisation enthalpy:1)As we go down the group.,the ionisation enthalpy should be low because of high shielding effect.2)As we move left to right in a period the ionisation enthalpy should be high due to high nuclear chargeVariation in electronegativity :1)As we go down the group the electronegativity decreases due to greater atomic size and less attractive force2)as we moving left to right in a period the electronegativity increase due to smaller atomic size and more force of attraction<br>Ionization Enthalpy of elements is the amount of energy that an isolated gaseous atom requires to lose an electron in its ground state. Losing of electrons results in the formation of cations. | |
| 2387. |
what is the main difference between sp^3 and sp hybridisation state?? |
| Answer» sp Hybridizationsp hybridization is observed when one s and one p orbital in the same main shell of an atom mix to form two new equivalent orbitals. The new orbitals formed are called\xa0sp hybridized orbitals.\xa0It forms linear molecules with an angle of 180°\tThis type of hybridization involves the mixing of one ‘s’ orbital and one ‘p’ orbital of equal energy to give a new hybrid orbital known as a sp hybridized orbital.\tsp hybridization is also called diagonal hybridization.\tEach sp hybridized orbital has an equal amount of s and p character, i.e., 50% s and p character.sp3\xa0HybridizationWhen one ‘s’ orbital and 3 ‘p’ orbitals belonging to the same shell of an atom mix together to form four new equivalent orbital, the type of hybridization is called a\xa0tetrahedral hybridization or sp3. The new orbitals formed are called\xa0sp3\xa0hybrid orbitals.\tThese are directed towards the four corners of a regular\xa0tetrahedron\xa0and make an angle of 109°28’ with one another.\t\xa0The angle between the sp3 hybrid orbitals is 109.280\tEach sp3\xa0hybrid orbital has 25% s character and 75% p character.\tExample of sp3\xa0hybridization:\xa0ethane\xa0(C2H6), methane.<br>In sp³ hybridization 4 orbital required,should have 4 valence electrons in total <hr>in sp (sp¹) hybridization, 2 orbital requiredhave 2 valence electrons | |
| 2388. |
Cris n trans? |
| Answer» Cis and trans are two geometrical isomers.See in a chiral carbon if the same groups are on the same side with respect to central atom then it is cis ..On the other hand, if the two same groups are present on the opposite sides ir different sides with respect to central atom then it is trans geometry<br>Hii ?<br>Hello aadu gm<br>Cis** ? | |
| 2389. |
Where is bohrs model in ncert textbookIs it the same as Bohrs model for hydrogen atom |
| Answer» Yes<br>It is same as Bohr model | |
| 2390. |
Formula of z,lone pair ,bond pair |
| Answer» | |
| 2391. |
Explain molecules |
| Answer» A molecule is defined as the smallest unit of a compound that contains the chemical properties of the compound. Molecules are made up of groups of atoms. Describing the structure of an atom, an atom is also sub-divided into smaller units. Protons, electrons, and neutrons are sub-particles of an atom. The protons and neutrons are contained inside the nucleus of the atom and electrons revolve around the nucleus.Protons are positively charged particles whereas electrons are negatively charged particles. Neutrons do not carry any charge. So we can say that the nucleus is positively charged due to the presence of protons. The nucleus is a bulk mass at the centre of an atom. Atoms are largely vacant. | |
| 2392. |
Why do we write the electronic configuration of Sc(example) like [Ar] 3d¹4s²? Why not [Ar] 4s²3d¹ ? |
| Answer» Because this is how we arranges them. 4s²3d¹is also right but to make easy we generally prefer 3d¹4s² | |
| 2393. |
Magnetic Quantum no. Niklne la easy method |
| Answer» Magnetic quantum no=2l+1 where l=no of subshells. | |
| 2394. |
What is third law of thermodynamics? |
| Answer» Thanks dude ☺<br>The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a perfect crystal at a temperature of zero Kelvin (absolute zero) is equal to zero.Entropy, denoted by ‘S’, is a measure of the disorder/randomness in a closed system. It is directly related to the number of microstates (a fixed microscopic state that can be occupied by a system) accessible by the system, i.e. the greater the number of microstates the closed system can occupy, the greater its entropy. The microstate in which the energy of the system is at its minimum is called the ground state of the system.At a temperature of zero Kelvin, the following phenomena can be observed in a closed system:\tThe system does not contain any heat.\tAll the atoms and molecules in the system are at their lowest energy points.Therefore, a system at absolute zero has only one accessible microstate – it’s ground state. As per the third law of thermodynamics, the\xa0entropy\xa0of such a system is exactly zero. | |
| 2395. |
What is autoionization of water |
| Answer» Since acids and bases react with each other, this implies that\xa0water\xa0can react with itself! While that might sound strange, it does happen water molecules exchange protons with one another to a very small extent. We call this process the\xa0autoionization, or self-ionization, of\xa0water. | |
| 2396. |
Equilibrium ???? |
| Answer» Mujhe friend request bhejo Facebook me...Facebook id - Ritesh Raj(ritt)<br>Nice to meet you sona<br>The state at which rate of forward reaction becomes equal to the rate of backward reaction is called equilibrium<br>Equilibrium representa a state of process in which the properties like temperature, Pressure, concentration of the system do not show any change with the passage of time. | |
| 2397. |
Which mean paramagnetic and diamagnetic |
| Answer» Diamagnetic\xa0means the atoms or molecules has no unpaired electrons or spins. Hence, that\xa0substance does not get attracted to magnetic field when placed in it.For example, Cl-, N2Paramagnetic\xa0means the atoms or molecules has one or more unpaired electrons or spins. Hence, that\xa0substance gets attracted to magnetic field when placed in it.For example, O2 | |
| 2398. |
What are alkynes...? |
| Answer» Acha<br>Apna Facebook id batana<br>Kaise ho bro<br>In this triple bond is present between carbon atoms (C C bond).The hybridisation is sp and the general formula involved is CnH2n\xa0-2.\t\xa0The lowest member of alkynes is: simplest compound that is CH CH (ethyne).\tThe common name of it is acetylene.\tIt has high Bond dissociation energy, as there is triple bond present therefore the energy is high of the order 823 KJ/mol.\tDue to this reason the acetylene is mixed with O2\xa0and the flame is used for welding purpose. | |
| 2399. |
Alcohol belongs to which functional group....? |
| Answer» The structure of the\xa0alcohol functional group\xa0is R−OH. Aldehyde is the\xa0functional group\xa0in which one alkyl\xa0group\xa0is bonded to the carbonyl atom. The structure of the aldehyde\xa0functional group\xa0is –CHO. | |
| 2400. |
Give generalization concerning the equilibrium mixture |
| Answer» (i) If Kc > 103, products predominates over reactants i.e; if Kc is very large, the reaction proceeds nearly to completion.\xa0(ii) If Kc < 10-3, reactants predominates over products i.e; if Kc is very small, the reaction proceeds rarely.\xa0(iii) If Kc is in the range of 10-3 to 103, appreciable concentration of both reactants and products are present.\xa0<br>(i) If Kc > 103, products predominates over reactants i.e; if Kc is very large, the reaction proceeds nearly to completion.\xa0(ii) If Kc < 10-3, reactants predominates over products i.e; if Kc is very small, the reaction proceeds rarely.\xa0(iii) If Kc is in the range of 10-3\xa0to 103, appreciable concentration of both reactants and products are present. | |