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The Indian Constitution mandates that the Indian states be

Traditional concept of "access to justice" as understood by common man is access to courts of law. For a common man, a court is the place where justice is meted out to him/her. But the courts have become inaccessible due to various barriers such as poverty, social, and political backwardness, illiteracy, ignorance, procedural formalities, and the like.

To get justice through courts one has to go through the complex and costly procedures involved in litigation. One has to bear the costs of litigation, including court fee and, of course, the lawyer's fee. A poor litigant who is barely able to feed himself will not be able to afford justice or obtain legal redressal for a wrong done to him, through courts. Further a large part of the population in India is illiterate and live in abject poverty. Therefore, they are totally ignorant about the court procedures, and are terrified and confused when faced with the judicial machinery. Thus, most of the citizens of India are not in a position to enforce their rights, constitutional or legal, which in effect generates inequality.

It is one of the most important duties of a welfare state to provide judicial and non-judicial dispute—resolution mechanisms to which all citizens have equal access for resolution of their legal disputes and enforcement of their fundamental and legal rights. Poverty, ignorance, or social inequalities should not become barriers to it.

The Judiciary is playing a significant role in providing justice to the underprivileged, indigent, and helpless individuals through public interest litigation. The legal aid network is taking firm roots and legal services functionaries are actively engaged in fulfilling the constitutional promise of equality before the law. The provision of legal aid to eligible persons, the speedy settlement of their legal disputes by counseling and conciliation and failing that by Lok Adalats rank high on the agenda of legal services functionaries, as high as running legal education awareness programs. Of course, we have miles to go before we can claim that the realm of equal justice for all has become a reality.

Q4. Which of the following is/are true regarding the pas-sage?

1. PIL provides justice to individuals.

2. Legal aid ensures equality.

3. Lok Adalats are organized for running legal education awareness programs.

4. Most of the citizens of India enforce their rights.

Q. निम्नलिखित प्रदूषकों पर विचार कीजिए:

उपरोक्त में से कौन-सा/से प्रदूषक वाहन उत्सर्जन में उपस्थित होते हैं?

Q. सागर नितल प्रसरण के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए:

उपरोक्त कथनों में से कौन सा/से कथन सही है/हैं?

अब अगर हम उस जगह बाकी आधे सीन की शूटिंग करते, तो पहले आधे सीन के साथ उसका मेल कैसे बैठता? उनमें से कन्टिन्युइटी नदारद हो जाती है- इस कथन के पीछे क्या भाव है?

Jude Felix is a famous Indian player in which sport?

What facilities do the government provide to Dalit and Adivasi children?

Politics
is more than what politicians do. Do you agree with this statement?
Give examples.

Q. भारतीय संविधान की निम्नलिखित में से कौन सी विशेषता भारतीय राज्य व्यवस्था को प्रकृति में संघीय बनाती है?

नीचे दिए गए कूटों का प्रयोग कर सही उत्तर का चयन कीजिए:

बालिका
मैना
ने
सेनापति
'हे'
को
कौन-कौन
से
तर्क
देकर
महल
की
रक्षा
के
लिए
प्रेरित
किया?

How
is judicial activism related to the protection of fundamental rights?
Has it helped in expanding the scope of fundamental rights?

Which of the following helpline number is incorrect?

All the sources given below contain _____water.

In each question below is given a statement followed by two assumptions numbered I and II. An assumption is something supposed or taken for granted. You have to consider the statement and the following assumptions and decide which which of the assumption(s) is/are implicit in the statement

Statement
Even after retirement from international cricket, the ‘Rawalpindi express’ is in the controversy again.This time he targeted Sachin Tendulkar through his book ‘controversially yours’, a news about Shoaib Akhtar.

Assumptions
I. Shoaib Akhtar does not play test cricket now.
II. One can target anybody through one’s write up.

तुम जहाँ रहते हो, उसके आस-पास कौन-कौन सी नदियाँ हैं? वे कहाँ से निकलती हैं और कहाँ तक जाती हैं? पता करो।

Identify the uncountable noun in the sentence.

Everything written down is of consequence and should be read carefully.

In the judiciary system, which is the highest court in the country?

रामस्वरूप
और
गोपाल
प्रसाद
बात-बात
पर
"एक
हमारा
ज़माना
था..."
कहकर
अपने
समय
की
तुलना
वर्तमान
समय
से
करते
हैं।
इस
प्रकार
की
तुलना
करना
कहाँ
तक
तर्कसंगत
है?

भरा-पूरा
परिवार
कैसे
सुखद
बन
सकता
है
और
कैसे
दुखद?
कामचोर
कहानी
के
आधर
पर
निर्णय
कीजिए।

निम्नलिखित
प्रश्न के उत्तर
(50-60 शब्दों
में)
लिखिए
−

समुद्र
के गुस्से की
क्या वजह थी?
उसने
अपना गुस्सा
कैसे निकाला?

How
is the sale of water by farmers to water dealers in Chennai affecting
the local people? Do you think local people can object to such
exploitation of ground water? Can the government do anything in this
regard?

In which case did the Supreme Court hold that the Right to Life is a Fundamental Right under Article 21 of the Constitution?

The
Japanese Constitution was made when the US occupation army was still
in control of Japan after its defeat in the Second World War. The
Japanese constitution could not have had any provision that the US
government did not like. Do you see any problem in this way of making
the constitution? In which way was the Indian experience different
from this?

Statement:Should there be reservation of jobs in the organization in the private sector also in the public sector undertaking in India?

Argument:

I. Yes, this would give more opportunities of development to the weaker sections of the society and thus help reduce the gap between the affluent and the downtrodden in India.

II. No, the private sector does not get any government assistance and therefore, they should not be saddled with such policies.

III. No, now where else in the world such a practice is being followed.

IV. No, the management of the private sector undertaking would not agree to such compulsions.

Identify the wrong statement in the following.

How
can laws ensure that markets work in a manner that is fair? Give two
examples to support your answer.

State any four situations in which court may order to dissolve a Partnership Firm.

Look at the wordings of the two documents given below. The first column is from the 1990 Nepal Constitution. The second column is from the more recent interim Constitution of Nepal.

What is the difference in who exercises ‘Executive Power’ in the above two Constitutions of Nepal? Keeping this in mind, why do you think Nepal needs a new Constitution today?

The static electric field inside a dielectric medium with relative permittivity. ${ϵ}_r=2.25$, expressed in cylindrical coordinate system is given by the following expression

$E={\hat{a}}_{r}2+\left({\hat{a}}_{\phi }\frac{3}{r}\right)+{\hat{a}}_{z}6$

where ${\hat{a}}_r,{\hat{a}}_{\phi },{\hat{a}}_z$ are unit vectors along r,$\phi$ and z directions, respectively. If the above expression represents a valid electrostatic field inside the medium, then the volume charge density associated with this field in terms of free space permittivity, ${\epsilon }_0$ in SI unit is given by:

The ‘Champions of the Earth Award’ is given by:

'चैंपियंस ऑफ द अर्थ अवार्ड' द्वारा दिया जाता है:

Find
out some examples of different views within the same religion.

Pick the correctly punctuated option for the sentence.

in 1948 mother teresa asked for and received permission from the pope to live outside of the convent.

Read
the following news report and,

√ Identify
the governments at different levels

√ Identify
the role of Supreme Court

√ What
elements of the working of judiciary and executive can you identify
in it?

√ Identify
the policy issues, matters related to legislation, implementation and
interpretation of the law involved in this case.

Centre,
Delhi join hands on CNG issue

By
Our Staff Reporter, The Hindu 23 September 2001

NEW
DELHI, SEPT. 22. The Centre and the Delhi Government today agreed to
jointly approach the Supreme Court this coming week… for
phasing out of all non-CNG commercial vehicles in the Capital. They
also decided to seek a dual fuel policy for the city instead of
putting the entire transportation system on the single-fuel mode
“which was full of dangers and would result in disaster.’’

It
was also decided to discourage the use of CNG by private vehicle
owners in the Capital. Both governments would press for allowing the
use of 0.05 per cent low sulphur diesel for running of buses in the
Capital. In addition, it would be pleaded before the Court that all
commercial vehicles, which fulfill the Euro-II standards, should be
allowed to ply in the city. Though both the Centre and the State
would file separate affidavits, these would contain common points.
The Centre would also go out and support the Delhi Government’s
stand on the issues concerning CNG.

These
decisions were taken at a meeting between the Delhi Chief Minister,
Ms. Sheila Dikshit, and the Union Petroleum and Natural Gas Minister,
Mr. Ram Naik.

Ms.
Dikshit said the Central Government would request the court that in
view of the high powered Committee appointed under Dr. R.A. Mashelkar
to suggest an “Auto Fuel Policy”’ for the entire
country, it would be appropriate to extend the deadline as it was not
possible to convert the entire 10,000-odd bus fleet into CNG during
the prescribed time frame. The Mashelkar Committee is expected to
submit its report within a period of six months.

The
Chief Minister said time was required to implement the court
directives. Referring to the coordinated approach on the issue, Ms.
Dikshit said this would take into account the details about the
number of vehicles to be run on CNG, eliminating long queues outside
CNG filling stations, the CNG fuel requirements of Delhi and the ways
and means to implement the directive of the court.

The
Supreme Court had …refused to relax the only CNG norm for the
city’s buses but said it had never insisted on CNG for taxis
and auto rickshaws. Mr. Naik said the Centre would insist on allowing
use of low sulphur diesel for buses in Delhi as putting the entire
transportation system dependent on CNG could prove to be disastrous.
The Capital relied on pipeline supply for CNG and any disruption
would throw the public transport system out of gear.

Every person has a fundamental right to be defended by a lawyer under

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:
The evolution of Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) trend has been as profound as it has been rapid. It represents the more visible sign that the boundaries between personal life and work life are blurring. The 9 am – 5 pm model of working solely from office has become archaic and increasingly people are working extended hours from a range of locations. At the very heart of this evolution is the ability to access enterprise networks from anywhere and anytime. The concept of cloud computing serves effectively to extend the office out of office. The much heralded benefit of BYOD is greater productivity. However, recent research has suggested that this is the greatest myth of BYOD and the reality is that BYOD in practice poses new challenges that may outweigh the benefits. A worldwide survey commissioned by Fortinet chose to look at attitude towards BYOD and security from the users point of view instead of the IT managers. Specifically the survey was conducted in 15 territories on a group of graduate employees in their early twenties because they represent the first generation to enter the workplace with an expectation of own device use. Moreover, they also represent tomorrow’s influences and decision makers. The survey findings reveal that for financial organizations, the decision to embrace BYOD is extremely dangerous. Larger organizations will have mature IT strategies and policies in place. But what about smaller financial businesses? They might not have such well developed strategies to protect confidential data.
Crucially, within younger employee group, 55% of the people share an expectation that they should be allowed to use their own devices in the workplace or for work purposes. With this expectation comes the very real risk that employees may consider contravening company policy, banning the use of own devices. The threats posed by this level of subversion cannot be overstated. The survey casts doubt on the idea of BYOD leading to greater productivity by revealing the real reason why people want to use their own devices. Only 26% of people in this age group cite efficiency as the reason they want to use their own devices, while 63% admit that the main reason is so they have access to their favourite applications. But with personal applications so close to hand, the risks to the business must surely include distraction and time wasting. To support this assumption 46% of people polled acknowledged time wasting as the greatest exposure to theft or loss of confidential data. Clearly, from a user perspective there is great deal of contradiction surrounding BYOD and there exists an undercurrent of selfishness where users expect to use their own devices, but mostly for personal interests. They recognize the risks to the organization but are adamant that those risks are worth taking.

Which of the following is not true about BYOD?

Which of the following is/are correct about MGNREGA Act. 2005?

Code:

Write
one reason why you think the constitution’s safeguards to
protect minority communities are very important?

Fiscal policy refers to the policy of government regarding taxation public expenditure and ____.

The Head of State in the Parliamentary System of government is

Some seats are reserved in the Parliament for

बड़े
भाई साहब छोटे
भाई को क्या
सलाह देते थे
और क्यों?

Select the option which matches incorrectly with traditional and modern farming measures.

By the end of which century did the Indian legal profession begin to emerge and demand respect in colonial courts?