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(1) They were important for guarding frontiers. 

(2) They were useful for health facilities.

(1) With the expansion of British power in India, the Indian merchants, middlemen and suppliers of goods became part of the cities. 

(2) With the expansion of railway the Indian merchants started establishing their industries in the cities. 

(3) The rich Indian agents and middlemen got built courtyard houses near bazaars. 

(4) Indian merchants purchased large tract of land in the cities for future investment and profit. 

(5) They started copying western style of life.

(1) New cities developed as Jamalpur, Breilley, and Waltair. 

(2) Some industrial centres developed.

(1) In villages' people made a living by agriculture and domesticating animals. 

(2) In cities people belong to various professions as services trade, shop keeping, industries.

(1) Kanpur specialized in leather, woolen and textiles. 

(2) Jamshedpur specialized in iron and steel.

(1) The British wanted to live in separate and protected settlements away from Indians. 

(2) They wanted clean and hygienic city free from all diseases.

(1) British administration was based on datas and information. 

(2) For professional activities they wanted to know more about trading activities. 

(3) They wanted to control speed and spread of cities. 

(4) For strongness of administration they liked to preserve records. 

(5) For spreading public facilities records were compulsory. 

(6) Records were important for experiences & proper and efficient sale.

(1) Setting a city close to the sea coast was a main concern for commercial objectives. 

(2) For security point of view they wanted to live in separate and highly protected settlements. 

(3) Preparing maps were highly imperative in order to understand the landscape and topography. 

(4) Creating open places in the city was a good way to make the city healthier. 

(5) To make sufficient funds for maintenance of the cities was another concern.

(1) Lacked the coherence, 

(2) extreme poverty and extreme prosperity, 

(3) people got opportunities of meeting. 

(4) New social groups, 

(5) demands of many professionals, 

(6) spread of middle class, 

(7) expression of views by many means, 

(8) growth of general awareness, influence of woman, 

(10) changes in traditional norms. Poors own culture, many struggles in life.

(1) The new colonial cities were centres of political authority and economic activities. 

(2) For commercial activities godowns, mercantile offices, insurance agencies, transport depots and banking establishments were established. 

(3) The major colonial cities served as port cities. Ships were loaded and deloaded there. 

(4) Main administrative offices of the company were established away from the seashore. 

(5) Because of the rapid expansion of the railway colonial cities were linked with rest of India. Railway stations, railway workshops and railway colonies started emerging in cities. 

(6) Hill stations were developed for billeting troop, guarding frontiers and mounting attack on enemy. They also functioned as a sanitorium. 

(7) Public places like the town halls, parks and cinema halls started coming into existence. 

(8) Forts, government offices, educational institutions, religious structures, and commercial depots were constructed for growing economy. 

(9) British constructed clubs for meeting and entertainment.

(1) With the decline of Mughal power, the towns associated with their administration started declining. 

(2) The regional capitals Lucknow, Hyderabad, srirangapattanam, and Poona started gaining importance. 

(3) The traders, administrators, artisans and other people, in search of work and patronage, began to reside in new capitals. 

(4) With acquiring political control, the east India Company rapidly developed Madras, Calcutta and Bombay

(1) The British gained information about white and nonwhite people living in various towns. 

(2) British gained information about expansion of cities. 

(3) They got knowledge about living standard of the people. 

(4) British got knowledge about many diseases. 

(5) The census data provided information about age, sex, caste and occupation. 

(6) The census data could be converted into social data.

(1) To study urbanization 

(2) To know historical changes.