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51.

Which of the following is not true about Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer?(a) It is of non-dispersive type(b) It is useful where repetitive analysis is required(c) Size has been reduced over the years(d) Size has increased over the yearsI got this question in a job interview.I would like to ask this question from Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectrometers topic in chapter Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer»

Correct OPTION is (d) Size has increased over the years

The best I can explain: FTIR is of non-dispersive type of instruments and is used for repetitive analysis. Initially, it was BULKY and the cost was high and hence, it was limited to a SPECIAL application. Now, the size has been REDUCED.

52.

Which of the following is not the function of the drive mechanism in Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer?(a) Movement of mirror to obtain a satisfactory interferogram(b) Acquire a good interferogram pattern(c) Allow 50% of the beam to pass(d) Keep the speed of the moving mirror constantThis question was addressed to me in a job interview.The above asked question is from Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectrometers topic in chapter Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer»

Correct option is (c) Allow 50% of the BEAM to pass

To explain: Drive mechanism does the FUNCTIONS SPECIFIED in the other OPTIONS. It the function of the beam splitter to allow 50% of the beam to pass through.

53.

Only pyroelectric transducer or pyroelectric crystals are used as detectors in Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR). What is the main reason for other types of thermal detectors are not being used in FTIR spectrophotometer?(a) Less accuracy(b) Slower response(c) Less precision(d) Less sensitivityThis question was addressed to me in an online interview.This intriguing question originated from Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectrometers in chapter Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer» RIGHT answer is (B) Slower response

The best I can explain: Other THERMAL detectors are not employed DUE to slower response of the detectors. Pyroelectric transducers or pyroelectric crystals are chosen for their high speed, accuracy, precision, sensitivity and resolution.
54.

Which of the following is not the advantage of Fourier Transform Spectrometers?(a) Signal to noise ratio is high(b) Information could be obtained on all frequencies(c) Retrieval of data is possible(d) Easy to maintainThis question was posed to me during an interview.The query is from Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectrometers in section Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer» RIGHT choice is (d) Easy to MAINTAIN

For EXPLANATION: The instrument is not easy to maintain and it is a DISADVANTAGE. The other disadvantage is that the cost is high.
55.

Which of the following has to be computed to determine transmittance and absorbance at various frequencies?(a) Ratio of signal and noise(b) Ratio of sample and reference spectra(c) Sample spectra(d) Reference spectraI had been asked this question in an interview.My question is taken from Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectrometers in chapter Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer»

Right CHOICE is (b) RATIO of sample and reference SPECTRA

The explanation: The ratio of sample and reference spectra NEEDS to be computed to determine transmittance and absorbance. First, reference interferogram is obtained and then the sample is obtained.

56.

In Michelson Interferometer, if the reflected and transmitted beams are in phase at the beam splitter, then maximum intensity will reach the detector.(a) True(b) FalseI got this question by my school principal while I was bunking the class.My doubt stems from Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectrometers in division Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer»

The correct option is (a) True

To explain I WOULD SAY: If the reflected and TRANSMITTED beams are in phase at the BEAM splitter then maximum intensity will reach the detector. If they are out of phase, then minimum intensity will reach the detector.

57.

Computer accepts analog signals directly.(a) True(b) FalseThis question was addressed to me in class test.Question is taken from Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectrometers topic in portion Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer»

Right answer is (b) False

For explanation: COMPUTER does not ACCEPT analog SIGNALS DIRECTLY. An A/D converter is REQUIRED to feed the signals to the computer.

58.

Which of the following is the reference that is generally used in FTIR interferometer?(a) Air(b) NaCl solution(c) Alcohol(d) Base solutionI have been asked this question during a job interview.My question is taken from Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectrometers topic in section Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer»

Right ANSWER is (a) AIR

The BEST explanation: Air is generally used as the reference. It is SCANNED for about 20 to 30 times and the results are stored in a computer.

59.

In Michelson’s interferometer, the frequency of the detector output can be determined by translating the _________ of movable mirror and the ___________ of monochromatic radiation.(a) Velocity, wavelength(b) Thickness, intensity(c) Length, velocity(d) Angle, intensityThe question was asked in a national level competition.The query is from Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectrometers topic in chapter Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer»

The CORRECT option is (a) VELOCITY, wavelength

Explanation: The frequency can be determined by translating the velocity of the MOVABLE mirror and the wavelength of monochromatic RADIATION. The reflected BEAM passes towards the movable mirror.

60.

The diagram given below is the representation of Fourier transform interferometer. Identify the missing block in the block diagram.(a) Pyroelectric crystal(b) Display(c) High speed plotter(d) A/D converterThis question was posed to me in an interview for job.My question is based upon Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectrometers in section Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer»

Correct choice is (d) A/D converter

For explanation: Computer does not ACCEPT analog signals directly. An A/D converter is REQUIRED to FEED the signals to the computer.

61.

In Michelson’s interferometer, the __________ of the detector output will depend upon the intensity of incoming radiation.(a) Velocity(b) Frequency(c) Amplitude(d) PhaseI had been asked this question in my homework.The above asked question is from Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectrometers in portion Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer»

Correct CHOICE is (c) AMPLITUDE

Explanation: In Michelson’s interferometer, the amplitude of the detector output will DEPEND upon the intensity of incoming RADIATION. If a movable mirror is moved uniformly, the output will be a sine wave.

62.

Which of the following is the principle of Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy?(a) Radiation is absorbed by non-excited atoms in vapour state and are excited to higher states(b) Medium absorbs radiation and transmitted radiation is measured(c) Colour is measured(d) Colour is simply observedThis question was addressed to me by my college professor while I was bunking the class.The question is from Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy topic in section Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer» CORRECT choice is (a) Radiation is absorbed by non-excited atoms in vapour STATE and are excited to higher states

To explain: Atoms in gaseous state absorb the radiation and are excited to a higher state. SINCE the higher state is unstable the atom RETURNS the ground state with the emission of radiation which is measured.
63.

Why is the computer necessary in Fourier Transform Spectrometer?(a) To display the detector output(b) To process the detector output(c) To determine the amplitude(d) To determine the frequencyI got this question during a job interview.My question comes from Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectrometers topic in chapter Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer»

Correct ANSWER is (b) To process the detector OUTPUT

For explanation: The computer is necessary to process the output of the detector. The Fourier Transform of output is determined using software using COMPUTERS.

64.

In Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, which of the following is the generally used radiation source?(a) Tungsten lamp(b) Xenon mercury arc lamp(c) Hydrogen or deuterium discharge lamp(d) Hollow cathode lampI got this question by my college professor while I was bunking the class.My question is taken from Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy in section Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer» RIGHT choice is (d) Hollow cathode lamp

To elaborate: Hollow cathode lamp is the source used in Atomic ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY. It EMITS stable and intense radiation.
65.

Which of the following is the function of the Flame or Emission system in Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy?(a) To split the beam into two(b) To break the steady light into pulsating light(c) To filter unwanted components(d) To reduce the sample into atomic stateI had been asked this question by my college director while I was bunking the class.This intriguing question originated from Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy in portion Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer» RIGHT answer is (d) To reduce the sample into atomic state

Easiest explanation: The function of Flame or Emission SYSTEM in Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy is to reduce the sample into atomic state. In Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, the PRODUCTION of atomic VAPOUR by flame is the most important phase.
66.

In Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, with what material is the cathode in Hollow cathode lamp constructed?(a) Tungsten(b) Quartz(c) Element to be investigated(d) AluminiumI got this question in an interview for internship.I want to ask this question from Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy in portion Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer»

Right ANSWER is (C) Element to be investigated

Easy explanation: The CATHODE in Hollow cathode lamp is CONSTRUCTED of the element to be investigated. The anode is made of tungsten.

67.

How can the intensity of radiation be increased in Hollow cathode lamp?(a) Addition of non-conductive protective shield of mica(b) Addition of nitrogen to neon or argon in the lamp(c) Increasing the pressure of the filling gas(d) Changing the metal of the anodeI had been asked this question during an internship interview.I need to ask this question from Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy topic in chapter Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer»

Correct option is (a) Addition of non-conductive protective shield of mica

The best explanation: The intensity of radiation is INCREASED in HOLLOW cathode LAMP by the addition of a non-conductive protective shield of mica. The protective shield can be made of glass too.

68.

Which of the following is the function of the chopper in Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy?(a) To split the beam into two(b) To break the steady light into a pulsating light(c) To filter unwanted components(d) To reduce the sample into atomic stateI have been asked this question by my school principal while I was bunking the class.This question is from Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy in portion Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer»

The correct option is (b) To break the STEADY light into a pulsating light

To elaborate: The function of the chopper in Atomic Absorption SPECTROSCOPY is to break the steady light into pulsating light. It is a rotating WHEEL PLACED between the flame and the source.

69.

Atomic absorption spectroscopy is also called as Absorption Flame Photometry.(a) True(b) FalseI got this question in a job interview.I need to ask this question from Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy topic in portion Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer»

Correct choice is (a) True

To ELABORATE: In ATOMIC Absorption Spectroscopy, SAMPLE is sprayed into the flame. Hence, it is CALLED Absorption Flame Photometry.

70.

Which of the following is not a component of the emission system in Flame photometer?(a) Burner(b) Atomiser(c) Fuel gases and their regulation(d) ChopperThe question was posed to me in final exam.This interesting question is from Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy topic in section Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer»

The correct option is (d) CHOPPER

Explanation: Chopper is not a component of the EMISSION system in Flame photometer. The PARTS of flame photometer are burner, ATOMISER, fuel GASES and their regulation and flame.

71.

Which of the following is the function of the atomiser in the emission system of Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy?(a) To split the beam into two(b) To break the steady light into pulsating light(c) To break large mass of liquid into small drops(d) To reduce the sample into atomic stateThis question was posed to me in examination.Asked question is from Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy in portion Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer»

The correct answer is (C) To break large mass of liquid into small drops

For EXPLANATION: The FUNCTION of atomiser in the EMISSION system of Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy is to break large mass of liquid into small drops. It ALSO introduces liquid sample into the flame at a stable rate.

72.

Which of the following is not a fuel used in flame photometry?(a) Acetylene(b) Propane(c) Hydrogen(d) Camphor oilThis question was posed to me in semester exam.Query is from Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy in portion Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer»

The correct answer is (d) Camphor oil

The best explanation: The commonly used fuel gases in flame PHOTOMETRY are ACETYLENE, propane and HYDROGEN. Oxygen supply is given to the fuel gases.

73.

Which of the following is not the requirement of a good flame in flame photometer?(a) Liquid sample must be evaporated to form solid residue(b) Solid residue must decompose to form atoms(c) Atoms must be produced such that they have the ability to get excited to higher states(d) Atoms must be produced such that they are in stable stateThe question was asked in my homework.Enquiry is from Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy topic in division Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer»

Correct answer is (d) ATOMS must be PRODUCED such that they are in stable state

The explanation is: Atoms must be produced such that they have the ABILITY to get excited to HIGHER STATES. These atoms in higher states return to ground state with the emission of photons.

74.

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy is used for the analysis of metals.(a) True(b) FalseThe question was asked in final exam.Enquiry is from Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy topic in division Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer»

Correct choice is (a) True

To explain: ATOMIC Absorption SPECTROSCOPY is used for the ANALYSIS of metals.

75.

Which of the following options explains the process of ‘sputtering’ that occurs in Hollow Cathode Lamp?(a) Positive ions collide with cathode surface and metal atoms from cathode are ejected(b) Negative ions collide with cathode surface and metal atoms from anode are ejected(c) Positive ions collide with negative ions and metal atoms from anode are ejected(d) Positive ions collide with negative ions and photons are ejectedThis question was posed to me in examination.The question is from Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy topic in portion Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer» RIGHT answer is (a) Positive IONS collide with CATHODE surface and metal ATOMS from cathode are ejected

To explain: When potential is applied across the electrode, the gas filled in tube ionises and flow of current occurs. Positive ions collide with negatively charged cathode surface and metal atoms from a cathode are ejected.
76.

At what pressure should the gases in the sealed tube be maintained in the Hollow cathode lamp?(a) 1 to 5 torr(b) 20 to 30 torr(c) 40 to 50 torr(d) 50 to 55 torrThis question was addressed to me during an online interview.I'd like to ask this question from Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy topic in portion Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer»

Right answer is (a) 1 to 5 torr

The best explanation: It consists of a cylindrical CATHODE and an ANODE made of tungsten. The tube is SEALED and neon and argon are filled at a PRESSURE of 1 to 5 torr.

77.

The diagram show below is the picture of Hollow cathode lamp. Identify the unmarked component.(a) Glass tube(b) Quartz window(c) Non- conducting glass(d) Mica shieldThe question was asked in semester exam.Question is taken from Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy in section Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer» CORRECT answer is (b) QUARTZ WINDOW

To ELABORATE: The unmarked portion is Quartz window. The window can be made of quartz or borosilicate GLASS.
78.

The function of pressure regulators in the emission system of flame photometer is to have a steady flame which is free from flickers.(a) True(b) FalseThe question was posed to me in exam.I want to ask this question from Flame Emission Photometers topic in division Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer»

Correct option is (a) True

Easiest explanation: The function of pressure REGULATORS is to have a steady FLAME which is FREE from FLICKERS. Pressure gauges indicate pressure.

79.

In Total consumption burner, only samples of particular droplet size will enter the burner.(a) True(b) FalseThe question was posed to me by my school teacher while I was bunking the class.Origin of the question is Flame Emission Photometers topic in division Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer»

The CORRECT option is (b) False

Explanation: Samples will ENTER the BURNER irrespective of their droplet size. Hence, it has the NAME Total consumption burner.

80.

Which of the following is the principle of Flame emission photometers?(a) Radiation is absorbed by non-excited atoms in vapour state and are excited to higher states(b) Medium absorbs radiation and transmitted radiation is measured(c) Colour and wavelength of the flame is measured(d) Only wavelength of the flame is measuredThe question was posed to me in an interview.Asked question is from Flame Emission Photometers in portion Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer» CORRECT answer is (C) Colour and wavelength of the flame is MEASURED

For EXPLANATION: In Flame emission photometers, colour and INTENSITY of the flame are measured. The intensity of light emitted when sample is introduced into the flame is also measured.
81.

In Flame emission photometers, the measurement of _____________ is used for qualitative analysis.(a) Colour(b) Intensity(c) Velocity(d) FrequencyThis question was posed to me in final exam.Question is taken from Flame Emission Photometers topic in chapter Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer»

The correct choice is (a) COLOUR

Easiest explanation: The colour and the WAVELENGTH of the flame are USED for qualitative analysis. It is used to determine the ELEMENT which is PRESENT in the sample.

82.

In Flame emission photometers, the measurement of _____________ is used for quantitative analysis.(a) Colour(b) Intensity(c) Velocity(d) FrequencyI had been asked this question in a national level competition.My question is taken from Flame Emission Photometers topic in chapter Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer»

Right CHOICE is (B) Intensity

For explanation I would say: The intensity of the FLAME is used for quantitative analysis. It is used to determine the AMOUNT of elements present in the sample.

83.

Which of the following is not an advantage of Laminar flow burner used in Flame photometry?(a) Noiseless(b) Stable flame for analysis(c) Efficient atomization of sample(d) Sample containing two or more solvents can be burned efficientlyI got this question in class test.This question is from Flame Emission Photometers in chapter Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer»

The correct option is (d) Sample CONTAINING two or more solvents can be BURNED EFFICIENTLY

Easiest explanation: Sample containing two or more solvents cannot be burned efficiently in Laminar flow burner. One more ADVANTAGE of laminar flow burner is that it allows steady movement of GAS flow.

84.

Laminar flow burner used in Flame photometers is also known as ____________(a) Turbulent burner(b) Premix burner(c) Total consumption burner(d) Nozzle mix burnerThis question was posed to me in quiz.My question is based upon Flame Emission Photometers topic in portion Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer»

The correct choice is (b) Premix burner

Easy explanation: LAMINAR FLOW burner USED in Flame photometers is ALSO known as Premix burner. Sample, fuel and oxidant are mixed THOROUGHLY before reaching the burner.

85.

Which of the following is not a detector used in Flame emission photometers?(a) Photronic cell(b) Photovoltaic cell(c) Photoemissive tube(d) ChromatogramThis question was posed to me during an online exam.This key question is from Flame Emission Photometers topic in section Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer»

Correct choice is (d) Chromatogram

The best I can EXPLAIN: Detectors used in FLAME EMISSION photometers are Photovoltaic cell and photo emissive tubes. Photovoltaic cell is ALSO known as photronic cell.

86.

Which of the following is the advantage of prism monochromators?(a) Dispersion is non-overlapping(b) Dispersion occurs in non-linear manner(c) Dispersion is overlapping(d) Dispersion occurs in a linear mannerThis question was posed to me in an interview.My enquiry is from Flame Emission Photometers in division Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer»

The CORRECT option is (a) Dispersion is non-overlapping

The explanation is: The ADVANTAGE of a prism is that dispersion that occurs is non-overlapping. The DISADVANTAGE is that it occurs in a non-linear MANNER.

87.

Which of the following is the advantage of grating monochromators?(a) Dispersion is non-overlapping(b) Dispersion occurs in non-linear manner(c) Dispersion is overlapping(d) Dispersion occurs in a linear mannerThis question was posed to me in an internship interview.Question is from Flame Emission Photometers topic in section Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer»

Right choice is (d) DISPERSION OCCURS in a linear manner

The BEST I can EXPLAIN: The advantage of the grating is that dispersion that occurs is linear. The DISADVANTAGE is that the dispersion is overlapping.

88.

Phototubes are more sensitive than photovoltaic cells.(a) True(b) FalseThe question was posed to me in an interview for internship.My question is taken from Flame Emission Photometers topic in portion Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer»

The CORRECT option is (a) True

For EXPLANATION: PHOTOTUBES are more sensitive than PHOTOVOLTAIC cells. Therefore, it can be used to measure low intensities.

89.

Which of the following is not an application of Flame emission photometers?(a) Analysis of biological fluids(b) Determination of sodium, potassium in soil(c) Determination of metals such as Mn, Cu(d) Analysis of complex mixturesThis question was posed to me at a job interview.My question is based upon Flame Emission Photometers in division Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer»

Correct ANSWER is (d) ANALYSIS of COMPLEX mixtures

The explanation: The applications of Flame emission photometers are the analysis of biological fluids, determination of sodium and potassium in soil and determination of METALS such as Mn and Cu. It is also USED for the analysis of plant materials and industrial cement.

90.

Given below is the diagram of Flame emission photometers. Identify the unmarked component.(a) Filter(b) Atomiser(c) Pressure regulator(d) BurnerThis question was posed to me during an interview.I want to ask this question from Flame Emission Photometers in chapter Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer»

The CORRECT answer is (d) Burner

The best explanation: The UNMARKED portion is Burner. Burner is where FLAME is obtained by mixing SAMPLE, fuel and oxygen.

91.

Given below is the diagram of evacuated glass tube of photo emissive tube. Identify the part which is indicated with a question mark.(a) Anode(b) Cathode(c) Grid(d) DynodeThis question was addressed to me in an interview for internship.This is a very interesting question from Flame Emission Photometers in division Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer»

The correct choice is (b) CATHODE

Best explanation: The cathode is formed of half CYLINDER. The anode is a metal RING near the centre of the glass.

92.

Which of the following is not an advantage of a photovoltaic cell which is used as a detector in Flame emission photometers?(a) Portable(b) No external supply(c) Robust in construction(d) Does not show fatigueI got this question in unit test.This intriguing question originated from Flame Emission Photometers topic in portion Colorimetry and Spectrometry of Analytical Instrumentation

Answer»

Right choice is (d) Does not SHOW fatigue

To EXPLAIN: It does show fatigue. It shows a DECREASE in RESPONSE with CONTINUED illumination.