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(d) Blu-ray disc

Correct answer is (d) RAM

PROM:

PROM is a memory on which data can be written only once. 

EPROM: 

EPROM is a memory on which ultra violet rays are used to clear its contents and making it possible to reprogram the memory.

Correct answer is (c) 256

Microprocessors are classified based on the following criteria: 

1. The width of data that can be processed. 

2. The instipction set.

USB 3.0 is the third major version of the Universal Serial Bus (USB) standard to connect computers with other electronic gadgets. USB 3.0 can transfer data up to 5 Giga byte/second. USB 3.1 and USB 3.2 are also released.

Computer memory is the storage space in the computer, where data and instructions are stored. There are two types of accessing methods to access (store or retrieve) the memory. They are sequential access and random access. In sequential access, thd memory is accessed in an orderly manner from starting to end. But, in random access, any byte of memory can be accessed directly without navigating through previous bytes.

Computer memory is the storage space in the computer, where data and instructions are stored. There are two types of accessing methods to access (read or write) the memory.

They are sequential access and random access. In sequential access, the memory is accessed in an orderly manner from starting to end. But, in random access, any byte of memory can be accessed directly without navigating through previous bytes.

Access time is the time delay or latency between a request to an electronic system, and the access being completed or the requested data returned.

Flash Memory:

1. The flash memory allows data to be written or erased in blocks. 

2. Flash memory is faster in performance.

EEPROM: 

1. The EEPROM requires data to be written or erased one byte at a time. 

2. EEPROM is slower in performance.

Cache memory:

The cache is a very high speed, expensive piece of memory, which is used to speed up the memory retrieval process. The idea of introducing a cache is that, this extremely fast memory would store data that is frequently accessed and if possible, the data that is spatially closer to it. This helps to achieve the fast response time.

Random-access memory / main memory:

RAM is a volatile memory, which me Answer: that the information stored in it is not permanent. As soon as the power is turned off, whatever data that resided in a RAM is lost. It allows both read and write operations.

Hard Disk:

Hard disk is a magnetic disk on which we can store computer data. In general, hard disks are less portable than floppies, although it is possible to port by removable hard disks. Two types of removable hard disks are disk packs and removable catridges.

Compact disk: 

A CD or CD-ROM is made from 1.2 millimeters thick, polycarbonate plastic material. A thin layer of aluminium or gold is applied to the surface. CD data is represented as tiny indentations known as “pits” , encoded in a spiral track moulded into the top of the polycarbonate layer. The areas between pits are known as “lands”. A motor within the CD player rotates the disk. The capacity of an ordinary CD-ROM is 700MB.

Digital versatile Disc (DVD): 

A DVD (Digital Versatile Disc or Digital Video Disc) is an optical disc capable of storing up to 4.7 GB of data, more than six times what a CD can hold. DVDs are often used to store movies at a better quality than with a VHS. DVDs can also have interactive menus and bonus features such as deleted scenes and commentaries. Like CDs, DVDs are read with a laser.

(d) VGA connector

(d) Microprocessor

A Microprocessor’s performance depends on the following characteristics: 

1. Clock speed 

2. Instruction set

3. Word size.

1. Clock Speed:

Every microprocessor has an internal clock that regulates the speed at which it executes instructions. The speed at which the microprocessor executes instructions is called the clock speed. Clock speed is measured in MHz (Mega Hertz) or in GHz (Giga Hertz).

2. Instruction Set:

A command which is given to a computer to perform an operation on data is called an instruction. Basic set of machine level instructions that a microprocessor is designed to execute is called as an instruction set. This instruction set carries out the following types of operations: Data transfer, Arithmetic operations, Logical operations, Control flow, Input/output.

3. Word Size: 

The number of bits that can be processed by a processor in a single instruction is called its word size. Word size determines the amount of RAM that can be accessed by a microprocessor at one time and the total number of pins on the microprocessor. Total number of input and output pins in turn determines the architecture of the microprocessor.

Correct answer is (c) Pentium III

Secondary Storage Devices: 

The secondary storage devices are used to store data that is of larger size which can be accessed later. Since the main memory is costly, the size is generally very limited in a computer. A portion of a secondary storage which can serve as an extension of the main memory and can perform its job is called as virtual memory.

Hard Disks: 

Hard disk is a magnetic disk on which you can store computer data. The term hard is used to distinguish it from a soft, or floppy disk. Hard disks can store more data and are faster than floppy disks. A hard disk, for example, can store anywhere from 10 megabytes to several gigabytes, whereas most floppies have a maximum storage capacity of 1.4 megabytes. In general, hard disks are less portable than floppies, although it is possible to port by removable hard disks. There are two types of removable hard disks: disk packs and removable cartridges.

Compact Disc (CD): 

A CD or CD-ROM is made from 1.2 millimeters thick, polycarbonate plastic material. A thin layer of aluminum or gold is applied to the surface. CD data is represented as tiny indentations known as “pits” , encoded in a spiral track moulded into the top of the polycarbonate layer. The areas between pits dre known as “lands”. A motor within the CD player rotates the disk. The capacity of an ordinary CD-ROM is 700MB.

Digital Versatile Disc (DVD): 

A DVD (Digital Versatile Disc or Digital Video Disc) is an optical disc capable of storing up to 4.7 GB of data, more than six times what a CD can hold. DVDs are often used to store movies at a better quality than with a VHS. DVDs can also have interactive menus and bus features such as deleted scenes and commentaries. Like CDs, DVDs are read with a laser.

The disc can have one or two sides, and one or two layers of data per side; the number of sides and layers determines how much it can hold. A 12 cm diameter disc with single sided, single layer has 4.7 GB capacity, whereas the single sided, double layer has 8.5 GB capacity.

The 8 cm DVD has 1.5 GB capacity. The capacity of a DVD-ROM can be visually determined by noting the number of data sides of the disc. Double-layered sides are usually gold-coloured, while single-layered sides are usually silvercoloured, like a CD.

Flash Memory Devices: 

Flash memory is an electronic (solid-state) nonvolatile computer storage medium that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. They are either EEPROM or EPROM. Examples for Flash memories are pendrives, memory cards etc.

Flash memories can be used in personal computers, Personal Digital Assistants (PDA), digital audio players, digital cameras and mobile phones. Flash memory offers fast access times. The time taken to read or write a character in memory is called access time. The capacity of the flash memories vary from 1 Gigabytes (GB) to 2 Terabytes (TB).

Blu-Ray Disc: 

Blu-Ray Disc is a high-density optical disc format similar to DVD. Blu-ray is the type of disc used for PlayStation games and for playing highdefinition (HD) movies. In the past, there were other standards for such movies. A double-layer Blu-Ray disc can store up to 50GB (gigabytes) of data.

This is more than 5 times the capacity of a DVD, and above 70 times of a CD. The format was developed to enable recording, rewriting and playback of high-definition video (HD), as well as storing large amounts of data. DVD uses a red laser to read and write data. But, Blu-ray uses a blue-violet laser to write. Hence, it is called as Blu-Ray.

Correct answer is (a) clock speed

Correct answer is (d) Address bus

Correct answer is (c) word size

(d) Determined by the processor used.

Computer Organisation: 

Computer organisation deals with the hardware components of a computer system. It includes input / output devices, the central processing unit, storage and primary memory.

Computer Architecture: 

Computer architecture deals with the engineering considerations involed in designing a computer

(b) Computer architecture