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We use SAMPLING and Quantization to convert analog images to digital images. An image has TWO things.

Digitizing of coordinates is called Sampling. That is, converting the coordinates of the analog images to the digital images.

Digitizing of Amplitude or Intensity is called Quantization. That is converting the Amplitude or Intensity of an analog image to a digital image.

Mach BAND Effect is an optical illusion. It emphasizes the differentiation between edges of the somewhat varying shades of GREY when they reach each other.
The extreme left SIDE is dark grey and it converts into the LIGHTER shades as they move to the right side of the plate.

A digital image is an image that is comprised of the ELEMENTS of the picture, they are also admitted as PIXELS. Each pixel is with the finite and the discrete numbers of the numerical representation which BELONG to its intensity and the gray LEVEL which is considered as it’s output from the functions of the two-dimensions that is feed by the input of spatial coordinates those are DENOTED by the x-axis and y-axis.

Dynamic Range is a RATIO of SMALL and large values that is ASSUMED by a certain quantity. It is used in signals, photography, sounds, and light. From a PHOTOGRAPHIC point of view, it is a ratio of minimum and maximum measuring light intensity or the lightest and darkest regions also CALLED color contrast.

A Color Model is a coordinate system and a SUBSET of visible COLORS. With "Color Model" we create a WHOLE range of colors from a limited set of primary colors like RGB (Red GREEN BLUE). Color Models are of two types: Additive and Subtractive.

LISP, PROLOG, C/C++, JAVA, and PYTHON.

The face recognition algorithm is BASICALLY the computer application that is used for tracking, detecting, IDENTIFYING, or verifying the human FACES simply from the image or the video that has been captured using the digital camera.

• PCA- Principal Component Analysis
• LBPH- Local BINARY Pattern Histograms
• k-NN (nearest neighbors) algorithm
• Eigen’s faces
• Fisher faces
• SIFT- SCALE Invariant Feature Transform
• SURF- Speed Up Robust Features

Image FILTERS used in OpenCV are:
Bilateral Filter, BLUR, BOX Filter, DILATE, Build Pyramid, ERODE, Filter2D, Gaussian Blur, Deriv, and Gabor Kernels, Laplacian, and Median Blur.

An OpenCV is open for all and free cross-platform where you get a library of real-time computer vision programming functions. It is developed by Intel and is mostly written in the C++ programming LANGUAGE. A JAVASCRIPT version is also available as OpenCV.js which is built for web platforms.

ARTIFICIAL Neural NETWORKS, RANDOM Forest, Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree Learning, Convolution Neural Networks, Boosting and Gradient Boosting Trees, Expectation-Maximization algorithm, Naive Bayes classifier, K-nearest neighboring algorithm.

COMPUTER VISION USES images and videos to understand a real-world scene. Just like HUMANS use eyes for capturing light, receptors in the brain for accessing it, and the visual cortex for processing it. Similarly, a computer understands images, videos, or a real-world scenario through MACHINE learning algorithms and AI self-learning programming.