Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.

1.

In a temperature control system, what conversion in signal takes place?(a) Digital to Analog(b) Analog to Digital(c) Error to Digital(d) Error to AnalogI have been asked this question in an international level competition.I'd like to ask this question from Classification of Control Systems topic in section Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer»

The correct option is (b) Analog to DIGITAL

To elaborate: In a temperature CONTROL system, analog to digital CONVERSION of signals take place. Automatic systems don’t understand analog signals as they only take digital inputs in the FORM of 0 & 1 so we use a analog to digital converter which converts the signal.

2.

When comparing operating cost of hydraulic systems to pneumatic systems, generally they are.(a) More expensive to operate(b) Less expensive to operate(c) Cost is same to operate(d) Cost is not requiredThe question was asked in my homework.Origin of the question is Pneumatic Systems topic in section Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer»

Right option is (b) LESS expensive to operate

Easy explanation: OPERATING cost that is the cost of the operating or using it practically in DAILY life and operating cost of HYDRAULIC systems to pneumatic systems is less.

3.

When comparing first cost of hydraulic systems to pneumatic systems, generally they are:(a) More expensive to purchase(b) Less expensive to purchase(c) Cost is same(d) Cost is not requiredI have been asked this question in class test.Question is from Pneumatic Systems in chapter Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer»

Right answer is (b) Less expensive to purchase

The best explanation: OPERATING COST that is the cost of the operating or using it practically in DAILY life and operating cost of HYDRAULIC systems to PNEUMATIC systems is less.

4.

5/2 way single solenoid valve has:(a) 2 ports 2 positions(b) 5 ports 2 positions(c) 5 ports 5 positions(d) 2 ports 5 positionsThis question was posed to me during an online exam.This is a very interesting question from Hydraulic Systems topic in section Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer»

The CORRECT option is (B) 5 ports 2 POSITIONS

Explanation: 5/2 way single solenoid valve is the valve in which the valve is in the shape of solenoid has 5 ports EQUALLY SPACED and 2 flow positions.

5.

A stepper motor may be considered as a ____________ converter.(a) Dc to dc(b) Ac to ac(c) Dc to ac(d) Digital-to-analogueI got this question in an interview.My question is from Stepper Motors topic in division Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer»

Right option is (d) Digital-to-analogue

Explanation: A STEPPER motor is a motor in which the MOTION is in steps and it is an increemental device and MAY be CONSIDERED as a digital to ANALOG converter.

6.

The use of feedback element in the feedback loop is:(a) It converts the output variable ‘c’ to another suitable feedback variable ‘b’ to compare with the input command signal.(b) It is the actuating element(c) To increase the stability(d) None of the mentionedI have been asked this question by my college director while I was bunking the class.Question is from Linear Approximation of the Non-Linear System topic in chapter Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer»

Correct choice is (a) It converts the OUTPUT variable ‘C’ to another suitable feedback variable ‘b’ to compare with the input COMMAND signal.

The explanation is: The feedback can be positive and negative and so applied is to produce the ERROR signal so as to get the DESIRED output.

7.

In an automatic control system which of the following elements is not used?(a) Error detector(b) Final control element(c) Sensor(d) OscillatorThis question was addressed to me in a job interview.My enquiry is from Linear Approximation of the Non-Linear System topic in chapter Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer»

The CORRECT OPTION is (d) OSCILLATOR

The explanation: In an automatic control system oscillator is not used because the oscillator increases the oscillations but our AIM is to reduce the oscillations and hence oscillator is not used.

8.

Feedback control systems are referred to as closed loop systems.(a) True(b) FalseI got this question in exam.The doubt is from Classification of Control Systems topic in chapter Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer» CORRECT answer is (a) True

For explanation: Feedback CONTROL systems are ALSO referred to as closed LOOP systems. In a closed loop, the actuating error signals, which is the difference between the input SIGNAL and the feedback signalis fed to the controller so as to reduce the error and bring the output of the system to the desired value.
9.

What is the algebraic sum of the reference input and feedback?(a) Error Signal(b) Error Detector(c) Controlled system(d) Controlled outputThe question was posed to me in homework.The query is from Classification of Control Systems in division Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer»

Correct choice is (a) Error Signal

Explanation: In the block diagram of a basic control system we see that the reference input is passed through Error DETECTOR or Comparator. The signal which LEAVES the same is the algebraic sum of reference input and FEEDBACK as the feedback wire is CONNECTED to the detector, so we call it error signal.

10.

Fluid power circuits use schematic drawings to:(a) Simplify component function details(b) Make it so only trained persons can understand the functions(c) Make the drawing look impressive(d) Make untrained person to understandI had been asked this question in an internship interview.Question is taken from Pneumatic Systems in division Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer»

The CORRECT choice is (a) Simplify component function details

The BEST explanation: Blueprint of any structure is the model that REPLICATES the FUNCTIONS of the original model makes the functional details easy to understand.

11.

Pneumatic systems usually do not exceed:(a) 1 hp(b) 1 to 2 hp(c) 2 to 3 hp(d) 4 to 5 hpI had been asked this question by my college director while I was bunking the class.Origin of the question is Pneumatic Systems topic in portion Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer»

Correct answer is (a) 1 hp

The explanation is: Pneumatic system are the systems in which the CONTROL ACTION is mainly CONTROLLING the FLOW of air andmostly do not exceed 1 hp where hp is the horse POWER unit of power.

12.

DC motors are constructed using:(a) Permanent Magnet(b) Electromagnet.(c) Magnets are not used(d) PlasticsThis question was addressed to me by my school teacher while I was bunking the class.This key question is from Controller Components topic in portion Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer»

Correct answer is (a) Permanent Magnet

To elaborate: DC motors are are the motors that work o the DIRECT current and COMMUTATORS are replaced by slip RINGS and now constructed USING permanent magnets having high flux density.

13.

Low power DC and AC motors are also known as _________(a) Servomotors(b) Tachogenerators(c) A.C. generators(d) D.C. generatorsThe question was posed to me in my homework.My question is from Controller Components in chapter Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer» CORRECT ANSWER is (a) Servomotors

The BEST explanation: ELECTRIC actuators are of two kinds’ ac and DC motors and with low power rating they are called ac servomotors.
14.

Heavy lifting work is often accomplished by shifting fluids in big machines. The power system of such machines can be described as(a) Reciprocating(b) Pneumatic(c) Hydraulic(d) HybridI got this question in an internship interview.My question comes from Hydraulic Systems in division Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer»

Right OPTION is (c) Hydraulic

To explain I would SAY: The POWER system of heavy and big machines can be DESCRIBED by hydraulic systems and heavy lifting work is OFTEN accomplished by shifting fluids in big machines.

15.

Most hydraulic circuits:(a) Operate from a central hydraulic power unit(b) Use air-over-oil power units(c) Have a dedicated power unit(d) Does not have dedicated power unitI have been asked this question in class test.My question is based upon Pneumatic Systems in portion Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer»

Correct CHOICE is (a) Operate from a central HYDRAULIC power unit

Explanation: Hydraulic CIRCUITS are the circuits where the operation involves conversion of the HYDEL power into the electrical energy so that it can be STORED and used and these operate from a central hydraulic power unit.

16.

PMDC when coupled to a rotating shaft would generate a voltage proportional to speed and thus would serve as____________(a) Tachometer(b) Servomotor(c) D.C. motor(d) A.C. motorI have been asked this question during an online exam.Enquiry is from Controller Components topic in portion Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer»
17.

The rotational speed of a given stepper motor is determined solely by the(a) Shaft load(b) Step pulse frequency(c) Polarity of stator current(d) Magnitude of stator current.This question was posed to me in an interview for internship.I'm obligated to ask this question of Stepper Motors topic in section Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer» RIGHT ANSWER is (b) Step pulse FREQUENCY

Easiest explanation: The stator part of a MOTOR is the stationary part of the motor and rotational SPEED of a given stepper motor is given by the step pulse frequency.
18.

A much lower inertia in Surface wound armature type is obtained by placing the winding on a non-magnetic cylinder which rotates in annular space between permanent magnet stator and stationary rotor.(a) True(b) FalseThis question was posed to me during a job interview.Origin of the question is Controller Components in section Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer» RIGHT answer is (a) True

Explanation: Because of larger air gap STRONG permanent magnets are needed and much lower inertia is obtained by PLACING non-magnetic cylinder which rotates in annular space between permanent MAGNET STATOR and stationary rotor.
19.

The need of assuming non-linear element as linear:(a) Simplicity of analysis and accuracy of results(b) Ease of calculations(c) Less time consuming(d) Mathematical tool availableThis question was addressed to me in semester exam.My doubt stems from Linear Approximation of the Non-Linear System topic in chapter Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer»

Right option is (d) Mathematical tool available

The best I can EXPLAIN: All the mathematical tools are available as per ideal cases so it is necessary to make ASSUMPTIONS for non-ideal to be nearly ideal and HENCE do the necessary calculations as needed.

20.

A pneumatic symbol is:(a) Different from a hydraulic symbol used for the same function(b) The same as a hydraulic symbol used for the same function(c) Not to be compared to a hydraulic symbol used for the same function(d) None of the mentionedI got this question in an interview for job.I'm obligated to ask this question of Pneumatic Systems in section Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer»

Correct option is (a) Different from a HYDRAULIC SYMBOL used for the same function

Explanation: The representation for hydraulic and pneumatic systems are different and for creating the easy READABILITY and SYMBOLS for both used for the same function.

21.

DC motors are constructed using Permanent Magnet resulting in:(a) Higher torque/inertia ratio(b) Higher operating frequency(c) No filed losses(d) All of the mentionedI got this question in unit test.I'd like to ask this question from Controller Components topic in section Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer»

The correct ANSWER is (d) All of the mentioned

For explanation: DC MOTORS are EXTENSIVELY using Permanent Magnets for its construction as they provide higher torque/inertia ratio, higher operating FREQUENCY, no field losses.

22.

Lower inertia is obtained due to much larger gap and hence stronger magnets are used for this purpose.(a) True(b) FalseI had been asked this question in an interview for job.Asked question is from Controller Components in chapter Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer» RIGHT CHOICE is (a) True

The explanation is: Stronger permanent MAGNETS are USED so as to cause lower inertia as in Surface wound rotating armature and stationary wound type.
23.

The chief advantage offered by the electronics is:(a) Differencing and stable amplification by Op-Amp(b) Stable amplification of power level by use of power transistor and SCR’s(c) Differencing and stable amplification of power level by Op-Amp(d) No amplification with the Op-AmpThe question was posed to me in a national level competition.I would like to ask this question from Controller Components in section Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer»

Correct option is (c) DIFFERENCING and stable amplification of power level by Op-Amp

The explanation: Advantage of ELECTRONICS is that EVERY type of energy is converted into measurable and storage energy and electronically differencing to get the error signal and its AMPLIFIER.

24.

What is the effect of feedback in the overall gain of the system?(a) Increases(b) Decreases(c) Zero(d) No changeThe question was asked in an interview.I need to ask this question from Classification of Control Systems topic in chapter Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer»

Right choice is (b) Decreases

Easiest EXPLANATION: The FEEDBACK REDUCES the overall gain of the SYSTEM. As SOON as we introduce feedback in the system to make the system stable, gain is reduced.

25.

A controller, essentially, is a(a) Sensor(b) Clipper(c) Comparator(d) AmplifierI have been asked this question in an international level competition.This intriguing question comes from Linear Approximation of the Non-Linear System in section Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer»

Correct choice is (C) Comparator

Explanation: A controller is ESSENTIALLY the comparator which COMPARES the given INPUT with the reference input and GENERATES the error signal.

26.

In a thermal system, the temperature of the medium is ______(a) increasing(b) decreasing(c) zero(d) uniformI have been asked this question in an interview for job.This interesting question is from Classification of Control Systems in section Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer»

Right option is (d) uniform

Explanation: To analyze a thermal SYSTEM and determine its transfer function the TEMPERATURE of the medium should be uniform. If the temperature is varying or zero the ANALYSIS will not be proper and a legitimate transfer function will not be the RESULT.

27.

On what difference does the pneumatic system works?(a) Speed(b) Pressure(c) Area(d) LengthThe question was asked during an interview.My question is based upon Classification of Control Systems in portion Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer» CORRECT OPTION is (b) PRESSURE

To explain: A pneumatic system works due to pressure difference of air or any other gas. Air at a pressure, pi is injected through the input manifold. It also CONSISTS of mass, coefficient of viscous friction and spring CONSTANT and the pressure difference created due to that, gives rise to pneumatic system.
28.

The ____________________ converts the compressed air energy into mechanical energy in the form of linear movement in one direction only.(a) Piston cylinders(b) Double acting cylinders(c) Single acting cylinders(d) Hydraulic pumpsThis question was addressed to me in examination.This intriguing question comes from Hydraulic Systems topic in portion Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer» RIGHT answer is (C) Single ACTING cylinders

The EXPLANATION is: Single acting cylinders CONVERTS the compressed air energy into mechanical energy in the form of linear movement in one direction only.
29.

A stepping motor is a ____________ device.(a) Mechanical(b) Electrical(c) Analogue(d) IncrementalI got this question during an interview for a job.I'm obligated to ask this question of Stepper Motors in section Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer»

The correct option is (d) INCREMENTAL

To EXPLAIN: A stepping motor is a motor in which the motion in the form of STEPS and is a incremental DEVICE i which as the time increases the steps are increased.

30.

Assertion (A): Electric actuators are used control system for high torque applications.Reason (R): Due to linear speed-Torque characteristics.(a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A(b) Both A and R are true but R is not correct explanation of A(c) A is true but R is false(d) A is false but R is trueThis question was addressed to me in an online interview.This intriguing question originated from Controller Components topic in section Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer»

The correct option is (a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A

Explanation: Electric ACTUATORS are the devices that are USED to CONVERT non measurable form of energy into measurable and are used in high torque applications due to linear speed torque characteristics but not used in LOW speed where hydraulic actuators are still used.

31.

Low power transducers called sensors prefer:(a) Linear relationship between controlled variable and output variable(b) Non-functional relationship between controlled variable and output variable(c) Non-linear relationship between controlled variable and output variable(d) Not related with each otherThis question was posed to me during an interview for a job.My question is based upon Controller Components topic in section Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer» RIGHT option is (a) Linear relationship between controlled variable and output variable

The explanation: Sensors are different from transducers as in transducers the energy is converted from one FORM to another while in sensors only the energy is sensed not converted and it is POSSIBLE to get the accurate results in less TIME.
32.

How many parameters does process control refer to?(a) 1(b) 3(c) 5(d) 7I had been asked this question in a job interview.This interesting question is from Classification of Control Systems in chapter Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer»

The correct ANSWER is (C) 5

Best explanation: PROCESS control refers to control of five parameters which are level, FLOW, pressure, temperature, acidity of the process variable. A particular parameter has only one desired value.

33.

Which of the following phase switching sequence represents half-step operation of a VR stepper motor ?(a) A, B, C,A……..(b) A, C, B,A…….(c) AB, BC, CA, AB……..(d) A, AB, B, BC……..The question was asked in final exam.Enquiry is from Stepper Motors topic in division Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer»

Correct option is (d) A, AB, B, BC……..

The explanation is: In the half step OPERATION of a Variable reluctance motor PHYSICAL step RESOLUTION is multiplied by 2 and control signals appear to be DIGITAL rather than analog.

34.

Assertion (A): Slotted armature type in this armature is placed in slotted armature with DC windings placed inside the slots.Reason (R): The construction is highly reliable and rugged but has high torque.(a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A(b) Both A and R are true but R is not correct explanation of A(c) A is true but R is false(d) A is false but R is trueThe question was asked during an online exam.The question is from Controller Components in division Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer»

Right choice is (b) Both A and R are true but R is not correct explanation of A

To ELABORATE: Slotted armature as the NAME indicates in which armature is paced in SLOTS but high inertia is present causing higher torque and LESS USED.

35.

Practically all the elements are:(a) Linear(b) Non-linear(c) Exponential(d) None of the mentionedThis question was posed to me by my college director while I was bunking the class.My doubt stems from Linear Approximation of the Non-Linear System topic in portion Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer»

Right answer is (B) Non-linear

To explain: It is not practically POSSIBLE to ACHIEVE linear elements as there is some error PRESENT so practically all the elements present are non-linear but can be made linear only to some EXTENT.

36.

The temperature, under thermal and electrical system analogy, is considered analogous to(a) Voltage(b) Current(c) Capacitance(d) ChargeI have been asked this question in an interview for job.This interesting question is from Linear Approximation of the Non-Linear System in section Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer»

Right choice is (a) VOLTAGE

Easiest explanation: The temperature under thermal and electrical SYSTEM ANALOGY is considered analogous to the voltage and is similar to the Force voltage analogy.

37.

Series circuits work on both hydraulic and pneumatic actuators.(a) True(b) FalseThis question was posed to me in an online quiz.This interesting question is from Pneumatic Systems topic in portion Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer»

Correct answer is (B) False

To explain I would SAY: SERIES circuits are the circuits that in which the elements are connected in series and do not work on both hydraulic and pneumatic actuators.

38.

A variable reluctance stepper motor is constructed of ______________ material with salient poles.(a) Paramagnetic(b) Ferromagnetic(c) Diamagnetic(d) Non-magneticThe question was asked during an interview.I need to ask this question from Stepper Motors in division Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer» RIGHT option is (b) Ferromagnetic

For explanation I would say: A VARIABLE reluctance STEPPER motor is the motor that has motion in steps with respect to INCREASE in time and CONSTRUCTED of ferromagnetic material with salient poles.
39.

The major components of a controller are:(a) Control element(b) Error detector and control element(c) Feedback element(d) Error detector and feedback elementI had been asked this question in class test.This intriguing question originated from Linear Approximation of the Non-Linear System in chapter Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer» CORRECT option is (b) Error detector and control element

For explanation I would say: Controller is the extra block used in the system to GET the DESIRED characteristics and CONSISTS of two major components as the error detector and control element in the forward PATH.
40.

In electrical-pneumatic system analogy the current is considered analogous to(a) Velocity(b) Pressure(c) Air flow(d) Air flow rateI got this question in an online quiz.This key question is from Linear Approximation of the Non-Linear System in chapter Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer» RIGHT option is (d) AIR flow rate

To elaborate: In electrical-pneumatic system ANALOGY the CURRENT is ANALOGOUS to the air-flow rate.
41.

Pneumatic and other power systems can support three kinds of motion; they are(a) Linear, reciprocating, and random motion(b) Linear, flowing, and rotary motion(c) Linear, zigzag, and spiral motion(d) Linear, reciprocating, and rotary motionThis question was posed to me during an interview.I need to ask this question from Hydraulic Systems topic in division Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer»

Correct choice is (d) LINEAR, reciprocating, and ROTARY motion

The explanation is: PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS are the systems that control the process where the motion is in air and can support linear, reciprocating, and rotary motion.

42.

Commutation process of a DC motor can be accomplished by solid devices (transistors and SCR’s).(a) True(b) FalseThe question was asked during a job interview.The origin of the question is Controller Components topic in portion Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer»

The correct choice is (a) True

Explanation: COMMUTATION process refers to the process in the alternating CURRENT is used as input in the DC motor and in CASE of a DC motor this can be accomplished by solid devices as the IC’s and TRANSISTORS.

43.

DC motors can be modeled as:(a) Armature controlled(b) Field Controlled(c) Both a and b(d) None of the mentionedI got this question during an online exam.Enquiry is from Controller Components in section Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer»

The correct option is (c) Both a and b

Best explanation: DC motors are the motors that WORK o the direct current and commutators are replaced by SLIP rings and can be classified BASED on the construction as ARMATURE controlled or field controlled.

44.

In a control system the output of the controller is given to(a) Final control element(b) Amplifier(c) Comparator(d) SensorI have been asked this question during a job interview.The question is from Linear Approximation of the Non-Linear System in portion Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer» RIGHT answer is (a) Final CONTROL element

For explanation I would say: In control system the OUTPUT of the CONTROLLER is given to the final control element it may be the plant or any other controller which-ever is used in the control circuit.
45.

In a stable control system backlash can cause which of the following?(a) Underdamping(b) Overdamping(c) Poor stability at reduced values of open loop gain(d) Low-level oscillationsI got this question in final exam.I'd like to ask this question from Linear Approximation of the Non-Linear System in section Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer»

Correct CHOICE is (d) LOW-level oscillations

The explanation is: In STABLE control systems backlash is the form of the error which may cause low level of the oscillations and hence can be useful SOMETIMES as it INCREASES the damping.

46.

Which principle does the linear system follow?(a) Principle of energy conservation(b) Principle of mass conservation(c) Principle of electromagnetism(d) Principle of superpositionThe question was posed to me in homework.The question is from Classification of Control Systems in chapter Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer»

Right choice is (d) Principle of superposition

The explanation: A linear SYSTEM is ONE who obeys the principle of superposition. The principle of superposition states that the response produced by simultaneous APPLICATION of TWO different forcing FUNCTIONS is equal to the sum of individual responses.

47.

If a hybrid stepper motor has a rotor pitch of 36º and a step angle of 9º, the number of its phases must be(a) 4(b) 2(c) 3(d) 6The question was posed to me in an interview.My enquiry is from Stepper Motors in section Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer»

The correct answer is (a) 4

For EXPLANATION I WOULD say: Step ANGLE is defined as =(Ns-Nr)/(Ns+Nr)*360.

48.

A _____________ restricts air flow.(a) Throttle valve(b) Shuttle valve(c) Directional control valve(d) Single acting cylinderThe question was posed to me in an interview for job.My query is from Hydraulic Systems topic in portion Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer» CORRECT choice is (a) Throttle valve

The explanation is: AIR valve is restricted by the valve it allows only that entry as DESIRED and throttle valve RESTRICTS the airflow.
49.

Hydraulic and pneumatic circuits:(a) Perform the same way for all functions(b) Perform differently for all functions(c) Perform the same with some exceptions(d) Does not perform all the functionsThis question was addressed to me in exam.The question is from Pneumatic Systems topic in section Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer»

The correct ANSWER is (C) PERFORM the same with some exceptions

Easy explanation: Both circuits hydraulic and pneumatic are similar in functionalities and complexities but pneumatic are PREFERRED over hydraulic as pneumatic systems are cleaner.

50.

The scientific principle that makes hydraulic systems possible is(a) Pascal’s principle(b) Boyle’s law(c) Bernoulli’s principle(d) The fluid flow principleThis question was addressed to me in homework.My question comes from Hydraulic Systems in chapter Control System and Components of Control Systems

Answer» RIGHT answer is (a) Pascal’s principle

Easiest explanation: Pascal’s principle is the basis of hydraulic SYSTEM which states that the WATER EXERTS pressure in all direction.