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This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 151. |
"Controlling is the last function of management." Comment |
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Answer» Controlling should not be misunderstood as the last function of management. The controlling function measures actual performance against standards, find out the deviations, analyse the causes of such deviations and takes corrective actions. This process helps in formulation of future plans in the light of the past problems. Thus, controlling only completes a cycle of management process and improves in the next cycle. |
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| 152. |
Express Couriers Limited is a courier company providing services throughout India. It has its branches in all major cities. A branch is responsible for collecting courier materials letters, packets and other deliverable materials. These materials are sorted destination-wise and handed over to transporters accordingly. The branch is also responsible for delivering materials to customers within its specified area. The business of the company was quite good. However, recents customer complaints have increased recently. These complaints are mostly related to late receipt of materials. The company is worried about this and wants to overcome this by using a function of management. (a) Name the function of management suitable for the company in the above case by quoting level. (b) What should be the key area that needs to be improved? (c) Suggest standards that should be used to overcome the problems. |
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Answer» (a) Controlling- "Recently............ management." (b) Key result area of any courier company is the satisfaction of customers in receiving articles. (c) Control standards can be defined on the following basis: (i) Time taken in pick up and delivery of articles. (ii) Time taken in sending articles to different transporters. (iii) Time taken by the transporter to send articles to various destinations. |
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| 153. |
"In analysing deviations between actual performance and standard performance, two key concepts are used so that attention of higher management is drawn only in the case of significantly important deviations." Identify both these concepts and explain their implications f or controlling. |
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Answer» The two concepts are critical point control and management by exception. Critical Point Control: For controlling effectively, control should be exercised only on critical points which are identified on the basis of organisation's key result areas. These are the areas in which satisfactory performance is critical to achieve organisational objectives. Some common key result areas are productivity, Profitability, market share, cost structure, product quality, etc. Management by Exception: Management by exception involves reporting of exceptional deviations between standards and actuals to higher management levels to take corrective actions. Generally deviations beyond the acceptable level in key result areas are reported to higher management. The use of concepts of critical point control and management by exception in controlling saves a lot of time of managers and their attention remains focused on key issues in controlling. |
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| 154. |
This is the last step in the process of controlling. (a) Analysing deviations (b) Taking corrective action (c) Setting performance standard (d) Measurement of performance.A. (a) Analysing deviationsB. (b) Taking corrective actionC. (c) Setting performance standardD. (d) Measurement of performance. |
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Answer» Correct Answer - (b) Taking corrective action The final phase of controlling process occurs when managers must decide action to take to correct performance when deviations occur. Corrective action depends on the discovery of deviations and the ability to take necessary action. Often the real cause of deviation must be found before corrective action can be taken. |
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| 155. |
Jindal Ltd. Could not achieve the target production of 15,000 car p.a. It could produce only 14,125 cars- While analysing the reasons for deviations, it was found that workers were not efficient. Training programmers were organised and next year, company was able to produce 15,000 units. Production Manager is of the opinion that with this, management ends at controlling. Do you agree ? Give reason to support your answer. Explain any four importance of controlling. |
| Answer» Correct Answer - No. | |
| 156. |
Express Couriers Limited is a courier company providing services throughout India. It has its branches in all major cities. A branch is responsible for collecting courier materials letters, packets and other deliverable materials. These materials are sorted destination-wise and handed over to transporters accordingly. The branch is also responsible for delivering materials to customers within its specified area. The business of the company was quite good. However, recents customer complaints have increased recently. These complaints are mostly related to late receipt of materials. The company is worried about this and wants to overcome this by using a function of management. (a) Name the function of management suitable for the company in the above case by quoting level. (b) What should be the key area that needs to be improved? (c) Suggest standards that should be used to overcome the problems. |
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Answer» (a) Controlling- "Recently............... management." (b) Key result area of any courier company is the satisfaction of customers in receiving articles. (c) Control standards can be defined on the following basis: (i) Time taken in pick up and delivery of articles. (ii) Time taken in sending articles to different transporters. (iii) Time taken by the transporter to send articles to various destinations. |
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| 157. |
"Controlling is the last function of management." Comment |
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Answer» Controlling should not be misunderstood as the last function of management. The controlling function measures actual performance against standards, find out the deviations, analyse the causes of such deviations and takes corrective actions. This process helps in formulation of future plans in the light of the past problems. Thus, controlling only completes a cycle of management Process and improves in the next cycle. |
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| 158. |
Explain any four points of importance of the controlling function of managements |
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Answer» Importance of Controlling : - The following are some factors contributing to the importance of controlling : - a) Decentralization of authority-Since managers at every level of an organization have to exercise control, the controlling process leads to decentralization. This, in turn, enables middle and lower level managers to have some autonomy in making decisions. An organization that distributes authority at every level always works smoothly and efficiently. b) Increasing managerial abilities-By enabling all managers to possess the autonomy to make decisions, controlling enhances their managerial abilities. With these skills, managers can further their organization’s goals by adapting to diverse situations and problems. Furthermore, this also helps managers grow and develop at an individual level by giving them new experiences. c) Using resources effectively-The most important function of controlling is to compare actual performances with expected results. This, in turn, helps managers understand where they are lacking and how they can improve their performances. Using this knowledge, managers can use all available resources optimally and prevent their wastage. d) Facilitating coordination-In every business organization, managers and employees always have to coordinate and work with each other collectively. Controlling improves this coordination by basically demarcating all activities and efforts into fixed boundaries. It brings together all the resources of an organization and enables its personnel to work together with unified efforts. |
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| 159. |
You are the manager of a tyre manufacturing company. If it is reported to you that postal expenses have increased by 20% and cost of raw materials by 2%, which of the two deviations is more critical to you. Give reason |
| Answer» A 2% increases in the cost of raw material is more critical, as the deviation which is occurring in Key Result Areas (KRAs) should be corrected first. A 2% increase in cost of row material will have an impact on the profitability, thus it is a KRA. Whereas, 20% increase in postal cost will not have much of the impact on profitability of the company. | |
| 160. |
Mr Sandhu worked as a manager in a company manufacturing stationery items for 10 years. Later he thought of starting his own business as he acquired the skills and expertise in past years. He started his own venture. He divides the organisation into six major departments Production, Purchase, Marketing, Legal, Human resource and Finance. After a month, he called upon the meeting of all the department heads in his office and told and production marketing and finance department managers to be very vigilant as their departments are critical to the success of the business. Short comings in Purchase, Personnel or Legal department would not affect much the success of business. Therefore, Mr Sandhu determined deviation tolerance limits for the critical departments. 1. Identify the two functions of management referred above. 2. Describe the relevent concept of the indetified functions. |
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Answer» 1. Organising, controlling 2. Departmentalisation, Critical point control, Controlling by exception. |
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| 161. |
Kanu is appointed as a Factory Manager in a gel-pen manufacturing company. He was given a target of producing one lac gen-pens per month. He knew that the ‘essence of management is to achieve desired results’ but he does not know ‘how to ensure that the work goes on according to plans.’ Guide him by explaining the process so that he is able to achieve the desired results. |
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Answer» Following steps are involved in controlling process: Step 1 : Setting Performance Standards: i. The first step in the controlling process is setting up of performance standards. ii. Standards are the criteria against which actual performance would be measured. Thus, standards serve as benchmarks towards which an organization strives to work. iii. Standards can be set in both quantitative as well as qualitative terms. Step 2: Measurement of Actual Performance: i. Once performance standards are set, the next step is measurement of actual performance. ii. There are several techniques for measurement of performance. These include personal observation, sample checking, performance reports, etc. Step 3: Comparing Actual Performance with Standards: i. This step involves comparison of actual performance with the standard. Such comparison will reveal the deviation between actual and desired results. ii. Comparison becomes easier when standards are set in quantitative terms. iii. For instance, performance of a worker in terms of units produced in a week can be easily measured against the standard output for the week. Step 4: Analysing Deviations: i. Some deviation in performance can be expected in all activities. It is, therefore, important to determine the acceptable range of deviations. ii. Also, deviations in key areas of business need to be attended more urgently as compared to deviations in certain insignificant areas. Critical point control and management by exception should be used by a manger in this regard. a. Critical Point Control:
b. Management by Exception:
Step 5: Taking Corrective Action: i. The final step in the controlling process is taking corrective action. No corrective action is required when the deviation are within acceptable limits. ii. However, when the deviations go beyond the acceptable range, especially in the important areas, it demands immediate managerial attention so that deviations do not occur again and standards are accomplished. iii. Corrective action might involve training of employees if the production target could not be met. |
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| 162. |
You are a manager in a car manufacturing company. It is reported that posta expenses have increased by 10 % and cost of raw material is increased by 2 % which of the two deviations is more critical to you ? It is related to which concept of controlling ? |
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Answer» Rise in cost of raw material 2%. It is related "Critical Point Control". |
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| 163. |
Suppose you are the manager of ABC Clothing Ltd. It comes to your knowledge that postal expenses have increased by 15% over the standard price and cost of labour and raw materials has increased by 3 %. Which of the two situations is more critical according to you ? |
| Answer» Increase in cost of labour and raw materials. | |
| 164. |
How can the company relate its planning with control in this line of business to ensure that its plans are actually implemented and targets attained? |
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Answer» Company relates its planning with control in this line of business by implementing effective control system as this will help in two aspects. Planning makes controlling effective and efficient whereas controlling improves future planning, as it is like a postmortem of past activities to find out deviations from the standards and in order to ensure that its plans are actually implemented and targets are attained they will take the help from controlling process as it is a systematic process and it leads to the following benefits. 1. Setting up of Standards: In this step, company sets some targets against which the actual performance are measured. 2. Measuring of Performance: In this step, company is able to measure the performance and evaluating what is actually done by the employees. 3. Compare Performance: After evaluating the actual result, company compares the actual performance with the planned one. This helps in knowing whether the desired goal is achieved or not. 4. Analyzing Deviations: This refers to the difference between actual and desired performances. It helps the company in knowing whether the deviation is positive or negative. It needs to focus on which part rather than analyzing the whole. 5. Taking corrective measures: Final step is to know the type of operation and trying to remove this deviation and ensuring that in future it matches the plans. |
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| 165. |
Meaning of control. |
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Answer» In layman language, controlling means deciding the activities to be carried out, evaluate, the same and if required, take corrective measures so that they are done in conformity with plan developed by the organization. Controlling is the last step of management process. |
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| 166. |
Prakash Jha wishes to fix-standard production for worker along with standard time to complete the job. Under which function of management, standards are fixed ? |
| Answer» Correct Answer - Controlling. | |
| 167. |
What do you mean by Quantitative Standards? |
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Answer» They are the standards which are shown with the help of figures, e.g., production of 10 units by a labourer in a day. |
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| 168. |
What factors have to be considered while deciding standards? |
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Answer» Following facts should be kept in mind while setting standards: i. Standards should be reasonable. (It should be neither to easy to achieve nor practically very tough to achieve. The first would result in lethargy to the workers and second would frustrate them.) ii. Standards should be measurable iii. Standards should be flexible so that changes can be introduced according to the changing situations. iv. Standards should be simple and clear so that the people for whom they are laid down should understand them easily. |
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| 169. |
Which two standards will you suggest for production department? |
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Answer» i. Quality ii. Quantity. |
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| 170. |
Write main standards to be used in various functional areas. |
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Answer» Standards Used in Various Functional Areas
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| 171. |
What are the main basis of setting standards? |
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Answer» There are chiefly four basis for setting standards: i. Quantity ii. Quality iii. Time iv. Cost Quantity Standards are related to production, sales, stock, etc. Quality Standards are related to raw material finished goods, customers’ service and employees’ morale. Time Standards refer to the time consumed in the production of goods. Similarly, Cost Standards refer to labour, material and other expenses. |
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| 172. |
Explain to a newly appointed manager, how he has to carry out the process of control |
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Answer» Controlling is a systematic process which involves the following steps. Step 1: Setting Performance Standards: The first step in the controlling process is setting up of performancestandards. Standards are the benchmark against which actual performance would be measured. Standardscan be set in both quantitative as well as qualitative terms. Step 2: Measurement of Actual Performance: Once performance standards are set, the next step ismeasurement of actual performance. Performance should be measured in an objective and reliable manner.There are several techniques for measurement of performance. These include personal observation, samplechecking, performance reports, etc. Step 3: Comparing Actual Performance with Standards: This step involves comparison of actual performancewith the standard. It helps to find out the deviations if any between the actual performance and standardfixed. Step 4: Analysing deviations: After comparing the actual performance with standards, the deviations arenoted. This step involves thorough analysis of deviations to find out the reason behind the deviation. Somedeviation in performance can be expected in all activities. It is, therefore, important to determine theacceptable range of deviations. Also, deviations in key areas of business need to be attended more urgentlyas compared to deviations in certain insignificant areas. Critical point control and management by exceptionshould be used by a manager in this regard. Step 5: Taking Corrective Action: The final step in the controlling process is taking corrective action. Nocorrective action is required when the deviations are within acceptable limits. However, when the deviationsgo beyond the acceptable range, in the important areas, it demands immediate managerial attention so thatdeviations do not occur again and standards are accomplished. |
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| 173. |
Joseph Bros. was a firm manufacturing jute lamp shades. It uses left over jute pieces from various jute factories to manufacture economical lamp shades which are supplied to various hotels in the nearby towns. It employs men and women from nearby villages as workers for creating good lamp shade designs. Joseph Bros., is not able to meet its targets. Namish, the supervisor of the company, was told to analyse the reasons for the poor performance. Namish found following problems and suggested certain solutions in the working of the business. The number of workers employed was less than what was required for the work. As a result, the existing workers were overburdened. The firm decided to search for new workers and it asked the present employees to introduce candidates or recommend their friends and relatives to the firm. This enabled the firm in "putting people to jobs" and assured attainment of objectives according to the plans. (a) Identify the functions of management being performed by the firm in the above situation. (b) Name the concept and its source used by the firm to attract more workers for the firm. (c) State any two values being followed by Jacob Bros. |
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Answer» (a) Staffing and Controlling (b) Recruitment, External Source of Recruitment (Recommendations of employees) Values being followed by Joseph Bros: (i) Creating employment opportunities. (ii) Utilizing resources efficiently by using leftover clothes. |
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| 174. |
Define controlling. Explain the importance of controlling. |
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Answer» It is the continuous process of evaluating actual performance with standard performance of an individual, group or department. Controlling is a dynamic process and action or people-oriented. Importance of planning are: 1. Controlling help for execution of plans: Control is the only means to ensure that the planes are being properly implemented. It regulates actual operation to ensure that the goals of the organizations are being achieved. 2. Controlling improves employee efficiency: An employee is likely to put better performance if he is aware that his performance will be evaluated as per the standard fixed. He will be rewarded according to the performance which will improve his efficiency. 3. Improve organizational efficiency & effectiveness: Through minimizing wastages, reduction of costs & proper utilization of available resource controlling ensures increase in organizational efficiency & effectiveness 4. Controlling is a basis for future action: control provides feedback & reveals shortcomings in plans Therefore, it helps in preparing better future plans and facilitates sound decision making in future. 5. Controlling facilitates coordination: Controlling facilitates coordination among different departments and divisions by providing them the unity of direction. Coordination is the essence of management and is achieved through proper performance of all managerial functions. 6. Delegation of Authority: An effective system of control facilitates delegation of authority. By controlling, a manager can ensure that the decisions taken at lower levels are according to the standards of the organization. 7. Controlling simplifies supervision: Control helps to simplify the tasks of the supervisor by pointing out significant deviations from the standards of performance. It keeps the subordinates under check and brings discipline among them. 8. Controlling is responsible for ultimate performance: As controlling keeps the subordinates under check and brings discipline among them by taking complete responsibility to get the required standard of performance. |
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| 175. |
What is control? |
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Answer» It is the power or authority to direct or order to confirm the standard Performance. |
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| 176. |
Explain briefly the controlling process. |
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Answer» Controlling is a dynamic process and action or people-oriented. Controlling process involves the following: 1. Setting performance standards: Standards may be of two types qualitative standard and quantitative standard. Performance standards are mainly derived from the objectives, goals, and expectations of the organization. The standards for control should satisfy the following requirement:
2. Measurement of Actual performance: Once these standards are fixed for desired performance the next step is to measure the actual performance. Measurement of performance should be clear, simple, rational, relevant, and understandable without complaints and interpretation. 3. Comparing the actual performance with standards: It involves two steps.
While comparing the actual performance with the standards the deviations are revealed. Once the deviations are noticed and causes for the same are determined corrective measures are adopted. 4. Analyzing the deviations: Deviations mean variations from the standards. Every deviation is analyzed to find out why it has occurred and who is responsible for the same. Deviations may be Negative, Positive or Zero.
5. Taking corrective actions: After finding what has gone wrong, where and why, management will initiate corrective action. The remedial actions may involve:
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| 177. |
What do you mean by standard in controlling? |
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Answer» Standard is a yardstick consisting of a specific set of action relating to a particular job on which the actual results are to be evaluated. |
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| 178. |
Identify the idea behind the diagram and explain its importance. |
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Answer» (a) Controlling (b) Importance of Controlling (1) Accomplishing organizational goals : The controlling function measures progress towards the organizational goals and brings to light the deviations, if any, and indicates corrective action. (2) Judging accuracy of standards: A good control system enables management to verify whether the standards set are accurate and objective. (3) Making efficient use of resources : By exercising control, a manager seeks to reduce wastage of resources. |
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| 179. |
As per the terms of the employment, each employee in pachani Ltd. should manufacture 50 buckets per day. A group of employees in manufacturing only 40 buckets per day where as all other groups are meeting the said target. To have a proper check on the activities of the employees, the management has, installed CCTVs in the factory. There is no resentment from the employees union for this. (a) Name the managerial function involved in installing the CCTVs in the factory. (b) Identify and explain the step of this managerial function's process that can be completed by installing CCTVs. (c) Also identify and explain the step followed by this. (d) Name the value emphasized on the part of employees by not resisting the installation of CCTVs on the factory. |
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Answer» (a) Controlling (b) Analyzing deviations (c) Taking corrective action: This is the final step in the controlling process which is required when the deviations are not within the acceptable limits. Corrective action involves training of employees if the production target is not met. It demands immediate managerial attention so that those deviations do not occur again and desired standard, are accomplished. (d) Adaptability/ No resistance to change. |
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| 180. |
Analyze the following activities.(1) Measurement of performance. (2) Taking corrective action. (3) Comparing actual performance with standards. (4) Establishments of standards. (a) Identify the management function. (b) Arrange it in correct order as it takes place in an organisation. (c) Explain the relationship of this function with planning |
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Answer» (a) Controlling (b) (1) Establishments of standards (2) Measurement of performance (3) Comparing actual performance with standards (4) Taking corrective action |
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| 181. |
The following table shows the details of defective per 1000 units of tooth brush during 4 months Month No. of defective productsNov. 2010 5Dec.2010 6Jan.2010 11Feb.2011 4The supervisor reported only the defective of Jan.2011 to top management. Explain the underlying principle behind this practice. |
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Answer» Management by Exception |
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| 182. |
An efficient control system helps to(a) Accomplish organisational objectives(b) Boost employee morale (c) Judge accuracy of standards (d) All of the above |
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Answer» (d) All of the above |
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| 183. |
The sales report of Usha Fans Ltd. for the last six months is given below. The target fixed for each month was 2000 fans. In the last 3 months the sales manager of the company was on leave for personal reasons Just as traffic signals are essential to make our roads accident free, management controls are necessary for the smooth functioning of the organisation. Month Units Month UnitsJuly2300October2200August2500November1800September2800December1500(a) Identify the management function in the(b) State the steps to be taken by the management to achieve the target. |
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Answer» (a) Controlling (b) Controlling Process : Controlling is a systematic process involving the following steps. 1. Setting performance standards 2. Measurement of actual performance 3. Comparison of actual performance with standards 4. Analysing deviations 5. Taking corrective action 1. Setting Performance Standards : Standards are the criteria against which actual performance would be measured. Standards can be set in both quantitative as well as qualitative terms. 2. Measurement of Actual Performance : After establishing standards, the next step is measurement of actual performance. Performance should be measured in an objective and reliable manner. 3. Comparing Actual Performance with Standards : This step involves comparison of actual performance with the standard. Such comparison will reveal the deviation between actual and desired results. 4. Analysing Deviations: The deviations from the standards are assessed and analysed to identify the causes of deviations. 5. Taking Corrective Action: The final step in the controlling process is taking corrective action. No corrective action is required when the deviations are within acceptable limits. |
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| 184. |
Pick out one statement which is not limitation of controlling.(a) Standards cannot be fixed properly.(b) Controlling has little control on external factors.(c) It is costly and time-consuming process.(d) Controlling is applicable at all levels of management. |
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Answer» (d) Controlling is applicable at all levels of management. |
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| 185. |
“This management function is similar to thermostat in refrigerator, which compares actual temperature with the standard and acts when there is deviations.”(a) Which management function is referred here? (b) Write the process involved in it. |
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Answer» (a) Controlling (b) Controlling Process : Controlling is a systematic process involving the following steps. 1. Setting performance standards 2. Measurement of actual performance 3. Comparison of actual performance with standards 4. Analysing deviations 5. Taking corrective action 1. Setting Performance Standards : Standards are the criteria against which actual performance would be measured. Standards can be set in both quantitative as well as qualitative terms. 2. Measurement of Actual Performance : After establishing standards, the next step is measurement of actual performance. Performance should be measured in an objective and reliable manner. 3. Comparing Actual Performance with Standards : This step involves comparison of actual performance with the standard. Such comparison will reveal the deviation between actual and desired results. 4. Analysing Deviations: The deviations from the standards are assessed and analysed to identify the causes of deviations. 5. Taking Corrective Action: The final step in the controlling process is taking corrective action. No corrective action is required when the deviations are within the acceptable limits. |
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| 186. |
Choose the right statement.(a) Planning – Staffing are the two sides of the same coin.(b) Planning – Controlling are the two sides of the same coin.(c) Organising – Staffing are the two sides of the same coin.(d) Directing -Planning are the two sides of the same coin. |
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Answer» (b) Planning – Controlling are the two sides of the same coin. |
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| 187. |
Give the meaning of deviations in controlling. |
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Answer» Deviation means variation from the standard. Deviation or variation may be negative, zero or positive. |
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| 188. |
What do you mean by standard in controlling? State the recruitment of good standard. |
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Answer» Setting performance standards: Different types of standards are used for measuring the performance of different individuals. Standards may be of two types qualitative standard and quantitative standard. Performance standards are mainly derived from the objectives, goals, and expectations of the organization. The standards for control should satisfy the following requirement: a. It should be simple & easily understandable b. It should be flexible, not rigid c. It should be in accordance with the people responsible to achieve them. d. It should be consistent with the overall objective of firm. e. It should be set scientifically with the help of time and motion studies. f. It should be expressed in quantitative terms. g. It should be set a consultation with people who are responsible to achieve them. |
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| 189. |
Write two examples for modern controlling techniques. |
Answer»
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| 190. |
What is management audit?(a) Evaluate the efficiency of management.(b) Analyse the financial statement by using ratios.(c) Charge the expenses to departments and evaluate the responsibilities.(d) No profit No loss. |
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Answer» (a) Evaluate the efficiency of management. |
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| 191. |
State any one importance of controlling. |
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Answer» Controlling improves employee’s efficiency |
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| 192. |
Is controlling ‘the end’ of management functions cycle? Give reason in support of your answer. |
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Answer» No because controlling brings back the management cycle to planning function. |
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| 193. |
Comparing the values in a financial statement is called ………… (a) Return on Investment(b) Ratio analysis (c) Responsibility Accounting (d) PERT & CPM |
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Answer» (b) Ratio Analysis |
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| 194. |
Modem controlling techniques used to both planning and controlling are ……… |
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Answer» Modem controlling techniques used to both planning and controlling are PERT & CPM. |
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| 195. |
State any one process of controlling. |
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Answer» Standard setting |
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| 196. |
Name the function which reviews the operations in a business unit. |
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Answer» Controlling. |
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| 197. |
Which of the following describes the nature of controlling ?A. Goal -oriented processB. Pervasive functionC. Continuous processD. All of the above |
| Answer» Correct Answer - D. All of the above | |
| 198. |
State any two corrective actions when there is a deviation. |
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Answer» The remedial actions may involve: a. Review and revision of goals or standards. b. Change in the assignment of tasks |
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| 199. |
Which are the things includes in Quantitative Standards? |
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Answer» Quantitative Standards: It includes Quantity, Quality, Cost, Time & etc. |
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| 200. |
Entrusting the responsibility of expenses to different departments is called …… |
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Answer» Responsibility accounting |
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