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According to Edward Weidner, development administration is “The process of guiding an organisation toward the achievement of progressive political, economic and social objectives that are authoritatively determined in one manner or the other”. 

An approach to have innovative planning towards growth is called Development Administration. The need for this was felt due to limitations in the traditional approach to public administration.

The new approach to public administration and public policy focuses on socio-economic development, political modernization, and adaptation of new technologies in administration.

• Development Administration has two important aspects viz.
• Administration of development – setting development goals and achieving them through the medium of administration.
• Development of administration – the existing system has to be improved so as the achieve the goals.
• Citizen participation – Development being a process of social and economic change, it is important that people participate actively in it.

If the process of development is cut off from the grassroots then it eventually fails to materialize the objectives it has set. This necessitates peoples’ participation in the process of planning, implementation, and eventual evaluation. In a diverse society like India people’s participation is necessary. In India, the needs, requirements, and choices of people may vary vastly according to region. The Indian government had introduced a Community Development Programme in 1952 followed by National Extension Service in 1953. The focus was to promote development in the rural and remote areas. The experience of these programmes helped the government to focus on rural India. The purpose of the participation of the rural and urban citizens was sought through the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts.

NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India). After Independence, the Planning Commission was the apex planning body. India adopted Five Year Plans which identified short-term and long-term goals of development in areas such as agriculture, irrigation, industrialization, infrastructure, social security, etc. In 1991, the New Economic Policy focused on economic liberalization.

The Planning Commission has now been replaced by the NITI Aayog (established on 1st January 2015). The Prime Minister is the ex-officio chairman of NITI Aayog. Since India has moved from centralized planning to decentralized planning, this body proposes grassroots level planning from village and district levels to be harmonized with statelevel planning and finally with national planning.

NITI Aayog has Governing Council comprising the Chief Ministers of all 29 states and of Delhi and Puducherry and Lt. Governors of Union Territories. As of 2019 Vice-Chairman is Rajiv Kumar and CEO is Amitabh Kant.

The focus of CDP (1952) was to promote development in rural and remote areas.

In government administration, when official rules and procedures create unnecessary delays in the work, it is called ‘red tape.

1. NITI Aayog – National Institution for Transforming India.

2. IRDP – Integrated Rural Development Programme.

3. MGNREGA – Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act.

4. UIDAI – The Unique Identification Authority of India.

5. JNNURM – Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission.

Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT), National Green Tribunal (NGT), Securities Appellate Tribunal (SAT).

A holistic perspective of development includes a focus on social change, economic growth, cultural progress and political development.

Public Accounts Committee, Estimates Committee.

• Jawahar Rozgar Yojna (JRY – 1989) 
• Mahatma Gandhi Nation Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA – 2005)

This statement is True.

• When India became independent (zamindars). the ownership of agricultural land was mainly concentrated in the hands of a few landowners. 
• To solve this issue land reforms were initiated and the land was freed up to be given to the actual tillers of the land e.g., the Zamindari system was abolished.

Agriculture, Industrialization, Self-reliance, Infrastructure.

1. NITI Aayog

2. Development Administration

The 74th Amendment Act gave constitutional status to the municipalities so that they function effectively as units of local government in urban areas.

Development is a complex term that means improvement, growth, or progress. When public administration studies ‘government in action for development’ it becomes development administration. According to Edward Weidner,” development administration is “the process of guiding an organisation toward the achievement of progressive political, economic and social objectives that are authoritatively determined in one manner or the other”. An approach to have innovative planning towards growth is called development administration. The need for this was felt due to limitations in the traditional approach to public administration, which covered areas such as

Organization of the government machinery

management of different tasks like leadership, planning, etc

personnel administration i.e., recruitment, training of personnel financial administration e.g., budget, audit, etc

administrative law e.g., tribunals for dispute resolution.

The new approach to public administration and public policy focuses on socio-economic development, political modernization, and adaptation of new technologies in administration.

Development administration has two important aspects viz.

• Administration of development – setting development goals and achieving them through the medium of administration.
• Development of administration – the existing system has to be improved so as the achieve the goals.

The main areas of study in traditional public administration include:

• Organization of government machinery.
• Management of different tasks like leadership, planning, etc.
• Personnel administration i.e., recruitment, training of personnel.
• Financial administration e.g., budget, audit, etc.
• Administrative law e.g., tribunals for dispute resolution.

This statement is False.

• 73rd Amendment Act (1992) gave constitutional status to Panchayati Raj institutions and is considered a landmark in grassroots democracy in India.
• 74th Amendment Act (1992) gave constitutional status to municipalities (urban areas).

This statement is True.

• Post-independence India was reeling from the effects of colonial exploitation in the form of poverty and underemployment.
• It needed to modernize the economy towards self-reliance. To establish a welfare state and bring about a socialist pattern of the economy, more emphasis was given to the public sector.

This statement is True.

• Development is a complex term that means improvement, growth, or progress. When public administration studies ‘government in action for development’ it becomes development administration.
• According to Edward Weidner, “The process of guiding an organization towards the achievement of progressive political, economic and social objectives that are authoritatively determined in one manner or the other” is development administration.

Answer is Red Tape

Answer is Welfare State