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Jaundice is odd one

1. Measles is a communicable disease.

Malaria is odd one.

Measles: is the odd-one out as it a disease caused by a virus while the rest three are bacterial diseases. –

pneumonia  is not a viral disease.

 cholera is a disease caused by bacteria.

Rabies is a viral disease caused by the bite of a rabid dog or monkey or rabbit. Saliva of the infected animal causes the rabies infection.

The first antibiotic, Penicillin, was discovered by Alexander Fleming.

Personal hygiene is very important to lead a healthy life. It can be done by: 

1. Proper diet: Balanced diet is very important. 

2. Sleep: Adequate sleep of 6-8 hours a day. 

3. Regular exercise: Sufficient physical activity. 

4. Cleanliness: Keeping the body clean to prevent infections. 

5. Proper lifestyle: Junk foods, long hours of table work, late night sleeps etc. should be avoided to lead a healthy life.

Obesity can lead to heart disease, high blood pressure and diabetes.

Deficiency of carbohydrates leads to:

Body weakness.

Loss of stamina.

• Mosquito – malaria, dengue, filaria.

• Housefly – typhoid, cholera, polio.

• Sand fly – kala azar.

• Rat flea – plague.

Common cold, chicket pox, tuberculosis, measles.

1. Malfunctioning of kidneys can lead to accumulation of toxic substances in the body.

2. Lack of insulin may lead to diabetes.

3. A disease is opposite to health.

4. Intake of inadequate or excess food or unbalanced diet leads to malnutrition.

5. Diseases due to infection by microorganisms are called communicable diseases.

6. Louis Pasteur proved that microbes cause diseases.

7. Inflammation of joints result in arthritis.

• Malfunctioning of pancreas causes diabetes.

• Malfunctioning of eyes causes cataract.

• Malfunctioning of bones cause arthritis.

• Malfunctioning of kidneys cause uremia.

• Malfunctioning of heart causes coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis.

Dengue is caused by a

2. Virus

1. Vitamin D and calcium.

2. Vitamin C.

3. Vitamin B.

4. Protein and energy giving carbohydrates.

5. Vitamin A.

6. Iron.

First-aid in case of second degree bums:

1. Hold the burnt area under cold running water for 15 minutes.

2. Do not break the blisters.

3. Wash the area with mild soap and water.

4. Dry and put an antibiotic oinment.

5. If blisters have not broken open, leave the area uncovered.

6. If blisters have broken open, bandage is needed.

First degree burn

1. It effects the skinsoutermost layer.

2. It is less severe.

3. There are no blisters. Just redness and swelling.

4. This is also called a superficial bum.

5. They are dry.

6. They heal on their own in a week or so.

7. Example: Ordinary sunburn.

Second degree burn

1. It effects epidermis and dermis of the skin.

2. It is more severe and painful.

3. The skin becomes red and has blisters.

4. This is also called as partial thickness bum.

5. They are moist.

6. They might need medical attention and heal in 2-3 weeks.

7. Example: Blisters formed by hot oil accidentally.

Cataract is a disease of the

2. eye

First vaccine was produced by

3. Jenner

Infectious diseases can be prevented by:

3. Immunisation

Diabetes is a disease caused by the malfunctioning of pancreas in the body. When  enough insulin is not produced by pancreas, the sugar levels rise in the blood and urine.  Symptoms of diabetes include excessive thirst, frequent urination at night, loss of weight  and fatigue.

A vaccine contains a killed or weakened disease causing microbe that is responsible for infection. Because the germ is killed, it cannot make the person sick. When a person receives a vaccine, the body reacts by producing antibodies in defence. The antibodies  remain in the blood for long and destroys the germs of a particular disease. In other words, vaccines expose people safely to germs so that they can fight with the same germs in future against its specific disease.

1. The disease caused by the bite of a mad dog is rabies.

2. Diseases of heart and kidney are due to malfunctioning of body organs.

3. Uremia is caused due to the malfunctioning of kidney.