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This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.

1.

Which of the following declares the current plot undeclared?(a) New = H(b) New = T(c) New = J(d) New = LI got this question in an online quiz.My query is from Graphics with R in section Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

Correct choice is (b) New = T

To explain: New=T will declare the CURRENT plot is UNUSED (even if it is not). This means that R will not erase it before moving in through the next plot.

2.

The corresponding R function for the PMF is __________(a) Trinom(b) Dbinorm(c) Dbinom(d) FnormThe question was posed to me in exam.This question is from Distribution in section Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

The correct option is (C) Dbinom

Easiest explanation: dnorm is the HEIGHT of the density of a normal curve while dbinom returns the PROBABILITY of an OUTCOME of a binomial DISTRIBUTION.

3.

Which level plotting commands generate figures?(a) Low(b) High(c) Both high and low(d) No levelsI have been asked this question in final exam.This interesting question is from Graphics with R in division Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

Right answer is (b) High

The explanation is: High LEVEL PLOTTING commands generate figures. A FIGURE consists of a PLOT region surrounded by margins.

4.

The ______ parameter influences the spread of the distribution about its median.(a) Scale(b) Mode(c) Mean(d) VarianceI had been asked this question in exam.The origin of the question is Distribution in section Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

Correct CHOICE is (a) SCALE

The explanation: The scale parameter INFLUENCES the spread of the distribution about its MEDIAN. The median is REPRESENTED by the location parameter.

5.

The _______ and ________ of a discrete random variable is easy to compute at the console.(a) Mean, Variance(b) Variance, Packages(c) Packages, Functions(d) Median, ModeI had been asked this question in examination.Question is taken from Distribution in portion Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

The correct CHOICE is (a) Mean, Variance

The best explanation: The mean and variance of a discrete random VARIABLE are easy to COMPUTE at the console. To calculate the mean µ, we NEED to multiply the corresponding values of x and f and ADD them.

6.

In which year Haykin gave a comprehensive survey of neural network techniques from an engineering perspective?(a) 1995(b) 1996(c) 1966(d) 1994This question was posed to me in my homework.This interesting question is from Neural Networks topic in division Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

Right choice is (d) 1994

The best I can explain: HAYKIN (1994) gives a COMPREHENSIVE SURVEY of many neural NETWORK TECHNIQUES from an engineering perspective.

7.

Which function draws an axis on the current plot?(a) axis()(b) par()(c) mar()(d) jar()This question was addressed to me by my school principal while I was bunking the class.This is a very interesting question from Graphics with R in section Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer» CORRECT CHOICE is (a) axis()

To elaborate: The axis() FUNCTION draws an axis on the current plot. The side argument DETERMINES on which side it is to appear.
8.

Which of the following is the short form of Threshold logical unit?(a) THL(b) THU(c) TLU(d) TLOThis question was posed to me by my school principal while I was bunking the class.My enquiry is from Neural Networks in chapter Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

Right option is (c) TLU

The explanation is: The simplest artificial NEURON is the threshold logic UNIT or TLU. Its BASIC operation is to perform a weighted sum of its inputs and then output a “1” if this sum EXCEEDS a threshold, and a “0” otherwise.

9.

The associated R function is dweibull(x, shape, scale = 1) is for _________ distribution.(a) Logistic(b) Lognormal(c) Weibull(d) SimpleI have been asked this question in semester exam.My question comes from Distribution topic in section Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

Right choice is (c) Weibull

To EXPLAIN I would say: The ASSOCIATED R function is dweibull(x, shape, scale = 1). There are exact results for ordinary transformations of the STANDARD distributions, and distr takes ADVANTAGE of these in many CASES.

10.

________ is used for main title in graph.(a) Title(b) Main(c) Title Main(d) Main TitleThe question was posed to me during an interview.This question is from Graphics with R in portion Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

The CORRECT choice is (b) Main

For EXPLANATION: Main is used for the main title in the graphics.R has a variety of graphics functions. Each function has its own SET of ARGUMENTS.

11.

The ________ is represented by the location parameter.(a) Median(b) Mode(c) Mean(d) VarianceThis question was posed to me in my homework.This intriguing question comes from Distribution in chapter Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer» RIGHT answer is (a) Median

To ELABORATE: The median is REPRESENTED by the location PARAMETER, and the scale parameter influences the spread of the DISTRIBUTION about its median.
12.

Artificial neural networks may be thought of as simplified models of the networks of neurons that occur naturally in the ________(a) Animal brain(b) Human brain(c) Bird brain(d) Monkey brainThis question was posed to me in a national level competition.This question is from Neural Networks topic in section Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

Right option is (a) Animal brain

Explanation: Artificial neural NETWORKS MAY be thought as the simplified LOGICAL MODELS of the networks of NEURONS that occur in the animal brain.

13.

_________ are mostly used for statistical analysis.(a) Nervous(b) Neural Networks(c) Blood Pressure(d) DiabetesThe question was posed to me in a job interview.Query is from Neural Networks topic in division Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

The correct OPTION is (b) Neural Networks

To EXPLAIN I would SAY: Neural networks are used for statistical analysis and data MODELLING, in which their role is perceived as an alternative to standard NONLINEAR regression or cluster analysis techniques.

14.

Which of the following is the plotting character?(a) Sch(b) Pch(c) Grd(d) PckThis question was posed to me by my school teacher while I was bunking the class.My question is from Graphics with R topic in section Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

Right CHOICE is (b) Pch

For explanation: R has a VARIETY of GRAPHICS functions. Each function has its own SET of arguments. Pch GIVES the plotting character of the graph.

15.

The __________ package has functionality to investigate transformations of univariate distributions.(a) Distri(b) Dirtr(c) Distr(d) HyperbolicThe question was posed to me in class test.The query is from Distribution in division Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer» RIGHT option is (c) Distr

To explain: The distr package has a functionality to find the transformations of one variable DISTRIBUTION. There are exact results for the ORDINARY transformations for the STANDARD distributions, and distr takes advantage of these in MANY cases.
16.

______ gives the length and height of the current figure in inches.(a) Din(b) Fin(c) Sin(d) CinThis question was addressed to me in an interview for internship.The above asked question is from Graphics with R topic in division Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

Correct option is (b) Fin

For explanation I WOULD SAY: R has a VARIETY of graphics FUNCTIONS. Each function has its own set of arguments. Fin gives the length and height of the current figure in inches.

17.

Every ________ function has a probability distribution function.(a) Continuous(b) Discrete(c) Categorical(d) RandomI have been asked this question in unit test.I would like to ask this question from Distribution topic in portion Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

Right option is (a) CONTINUOUS

The best I can explain: EVERY continuous random variable x has a great Probability DENSITY FUNCTION (PDF). The PDF can sometimes be greater than 1. This is in CONTRAST to the discrete case.

18.

The _________ distribution comes up in differential equations as a model for population growth under certain assumptions.(a) Logistic(b) Linear(c) Discrete(d) BetaThis question was addressed to me in an international level competition.The origin of the question is Distribution topic in portion Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

The correct answer is (a) Logistic

Easiest explanation: The associated R FUNCTION is dlogis(x, location = 0, scale = 1). The logistic distribution comes up in differential EQUATIONS as a model for population growth under CERTAIN assumptions.

19.

Which distribution looks like a norm distribution but with very heavy tails?(a) Simple(b) Discrete(c) Continuous(d) CauchyThe question was posed to me during an online interview.The question is from Distribution in division Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer» RIGHT CHOICE is (d) CAUCHY

The explanation is: The Cauchy distribution LOOKS like a norm distribution but with very heavy tails. The mean (and VARIANCE) do not exist, that is, they are infinite.
20.

_________ are commonly introduced as representations of quantities that have magnitude and direction.(a) Lists(b) Data sets(c) Data frames(d) VectorsI got this question in an online quiz.My question is based upon Neural Networks topic in chapter Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

Correct choice is (d) Vectors

For explanation I WOULD SAY: Vectors are COMMONLY introduced as representations of quantities that have magnitude and DIRECTION.

21.

________ level plotting functions that add elements to an existing plot.(a) High(b) Low(c) Medium(d) SimpleThe question was asked in unit test.Question is from Graphics with R topic in chapter Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

Right OPTION is (b) Low

Easiest EXPLANATION: R has MANY varieties of graphics FUNCTIONS. High-level plotting functions will START a new plot. Low-level plotting functions that add elements to an existing plot.

22.

The building blocks of artificial neural networks are artificial _______(a) Blocks(b) Neurons(c) Functions(d) PackagesI had been asked this question in an international level competition.This intriguing question comes from Neural Networks topic in chapter Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

Right answer is (b) NEURONS

To elaborate: The building blocks of artificial neural nets are artificial neurons. Artificial neural networks may be THOUGHT of as SIMPLIFIED models of the networks of neurons that occur naturally in the animal BRAIN.

23.

________ level plotting functions that start a new plot.(a) High(b) Low(c) Medium(d) SimpleThis question was posed to me during an internship interview.I want to ask this question from Graphics with R topic in portion Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer» RIGHT choice is (a) High

The best explanation: R has a variety of graphics FUNCTIONS. High-level plotting functions will start a new PLOT. Low-level plotting functions that add ELEMENTS to an existing plot.
24.

__________ read only parameter that returns the width and height of the current device surface in inches.(a) Din(b) Fin(c) Gin(d) KinI have been asked this question by my school principal while I was bunking the class.The above asked question is from Graphics with R in division Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

The correct option is (a) Din

For explanation: R has a variety of graphics functions. Din will read only parameter that returns the length and height of the CURRENT DEVICE SURFACE in inches.

25.

Which of the following is a distribution derived from the normal distribution?(a) Logistic(b) Lognormal(c) Normal(d) SimpleThis question was posed to me in my homework.My question is taken from Distribution in section Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

Right CHOICE is (B) LOGNORMAL

Best explanation: Lognormal distribution is a distribution derived from the NORMAL distribution (hence the name). Its name ALSO says that it is derived from the normal distribution.

26.

Which line numbers are further away from the plot?(a) Lower(b) Higher(c) Medium(d) SimpleThis question was posed to me in final exam.This intriguing question originated from Graphics with R in division Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

Right choice is (b) HIGHER

The best EXPLANATION: Higher line numbers are further AWAY from the PLOT. Axes, axis LABELS and titles all appear in the margins of the figure.

27.

The associated R function is dlnorm(x, meanlog = 0, sdlog = 1) is for ________ distribution.(a) Logistic(b) Lognormal(c) Normal(d) SimpleThis question was posed to me in a national level competition.Enquiry is from Distribution in section Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

Correct answer is (B) LOGNORMAL

To explain: The associated R function is dlnorm(x, meanlog = 0, sdlog = 1). Lognormal distribution is a distribution derived from the normal distribution (hence the NAME). Its name also SAYS that it is derived from the normal distribution.

28.

The graphical parameter __________ defines how many lines appear in each of the four margins.(a) Par(b) Mar(c) Char(d) IanI had been asked this question during an interview.I would like to ask this question from Graphics with R in portion Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

The CORRECT answer is (b) Mar

For explanation I WOULD say: The graphical parameter mar defines how many lines APPEAR in each of the FOUR margins. So mar is an alternative way of defining margins.

29.

ask=T is a parameter that R asks before producing the _______(a) function(b) package(c) interface(d) graphicsI had been asked this question during an internship interview.Enquiry is from Graphics with R in chapter Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

Right answer is (d) graphics

For EXPLANATION I would say: Each FUNCTION has its own set of arguments. ask=T in R language asks before producing the graphic. This is USEFUL if you need to view multiple plots, ONE at a TIME.

30.

Which is the alternative way of defining margins?(a) Mar(b) Par(c) Char(d) NarThis question was addressed to me in an international level competition.My question is taken from Graphics with R topic in division Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

The CORRECT choice is (a) Mar

Easiest EXPLANATION: The graphical parameter mar defines how many LINES appear in each of the four margins. So mar is an alternative WAY of DEFINING margins.

31.

The size of the margins is controlled by the argument _____(a) Mai(b) Sai(c) Lai(d) JaiThe question was asked in exam.The question is from Graphics with R topic in section Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

Right choice is (a) Mai

The best EXPLANATION: The size of the margins is controlled by the ARGUMENT mai. The value of mai is a vector C(bottom, LEFT, top, right) of length 4 whose VALUES are the widths.

32.

Which package resorts to numerical methods when it encounters a model it does not recognize.(a) destrEx(b) ditrEx(c) distrEx(d) ExdistrThis question was posed to me in semester exam.I need to ask this question from Distribution in portion Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

Right choice is (C) distrEx

The explanation is: distrEx provides some extensions of package distr and further functionalities LIKE var, sd, IQR, mad, MEDIAN, skewness, kurtosis TRUNCATED MOMENTS.

33.

The abbreviation of Cumulative Distributive Function is ________(a) CDFN(b) CMDF(c) CMD(d) CDFI have been asked this question during an interview for a job.This intriguing question comes from Distribution in portion Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

Right choice is (d) CDF

To explain I WOULD SAY: A cumulative distributive FUNCTION P(X) is the probability of getting some value less than a CERTAIN value x. If p(x) will be the density function for a probability distribution, then that will be the cumulative distributive function P(x) is calculated as the integral of p(x) over the interval −∞ to x.

34.

_______ is discovering unseen patterns from data.(a) Data Milling(b) Data Mining(c) Niching(d) Machine learningThe question was posed to me in an interview.The doubt is from Neural Networks in chapter Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

Right answer is (b) Data MINING

The best EXPLANATION: Data mining is the aim of discovering UNSEEN patterns from data. Neural NETWORKS are known to be universal FUNCTION approximators.

35.

Each margin is considered to have a number of ___________(a) Test(b) Text lines(c) Line segment(d) MarginsThe question was asked in an online quiz.I need to ask this question from Graphics with R topic in section Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

Right option is (c) Line segment

The BEST explanation: Axes, axis LABELS and titles all appear in the margins of the FIGURE. Each margin is considered to have a number of text LINES (not necessarily a whole number).

36.

The empirical cumulative distribution function can be called as __________(a) EMCDF(b) EDFC(c) ECDF(d) EGDFI have been asked this question during an interview.I'd like to ask this question from Distribution in division Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

The CORRECT answer is (c) ECDF

To explain: The EMPIRICAL cumulative distribution function is the probability distribution that places into the probability mass. ECDF REFERS to the empirical cumulative distribution function.

37.

Which of the following is the symbol of standard normal PDF?(a) φ(b) #(c) &(d) *I had been asked this question in an interview for job.This key question is from Distribution in section Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer» CORRECT answer is (a) φ

To elaborate: The lowercase Greek letter phi (φ) is used to DENOTE the STANDARD normal PDF and the CAPITAL Greek letter phi Φ is used to denote the standard normal CDF.
38.

Two important methods in analysis is differentiation and__________ transformation.(a) Bernoulli(b) Fourier(c) Bohr(d) RutherfordThe question was posed to me during a job interview.This interesting question is from Distribution in chapter Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

Right choice is (B) Fourier

To elaborate: TWO important methods in the analysis is differentiation and Fourier transformation. UNFORTUNATELY, not all FUNCTIONS are DIFFERENTIABLE or have a Fourier transform.

39.

Which of the following will be used in fancy plots?(a) New = T(b) New = J(c) New = K(d) New = LI had been asked this question in an international level competition.Query is from Graphics with R in portion Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

The CORRECT ANSWER is (a) New = T

The best EXPLANATION: New=T will declare the current plot is unused (even if it is not). This is useful for more fancy plots, where you may be PRODUCING a number of plots on the one figure.

40.

Axes, axis labels and titles all appear in the ________ of the figure.(a) Directions(b) Margin labels(c) Margins(d) WidthsI had been asked this question in a national level competition.My question comes from Graphics with R in division Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

The correct OPTION is (c) Margins

Best explanation: AXES, axis labels and titles all appear in the margins of the FIGURE. MAI will be called inside par() to SET margins.

41.

The corresponding R function for the CDF is __________(a) Dbinom(b) Pbinom(c) Cbinorm(d) HbinormI got this question in my homework.This is a very interesting question from Distribution in portion Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer» CORRECT choice is (b) PBINOM

To elaborate: The FUNCTION pbinom is very useful for summing consecutive BINOMIAL probabilities. The pbinom function returns the PROBABILITY that the value of a variable that follows the binomial distribution.
42.

Which function is used to simulate discrete uniform random variables?(a) Sample(b) Simple(c) Function(d) VarianceThe question was asked in class test.Origin of the question is Distribution in portion Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

Correct ANSWER is (a) Sample

For explanation: One can choose an integer at random with the sample function. The general syntax of the SIMULATION of the discrete UNIFORM random VARIABLE is a sample (X, size, replace = TRUE).

43.

The binomial distribution is based on _______ trial.(a) Einstein(b) Bernoulli(c) Bohr(d) KeplerThe question was posed to me by my college director while I was bunking the class.I'm obligated to ask this question of Distribution topic in division Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

Right option is (b) Bernoulli

For EXPLANATION I would say: The binomial distribution is the distribution BASED on the Bernoulli trial, which is a RANDOM EXPERIMENT in which there are only two possible outcomes: success (S) and failure (F).

44.

Which of the following simple the square root of σ square?(a) Variance(b) Standard deviation(c) Mean(d) MedianThis question was addressed to me in an internship interview.My question is from Distribution topic in chapter Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

Right answer is (b) Standard deviation

To explain: Standard deviation is the MEASURE of dispersion of a set of DATA from its MEAN. The standard deviation σ is simply the SQUARE ROOT of σ square.

45.

The standard font determines the width of the text lines in the __________(a) Function(b) Package(c) Library(d) MarginI got this question during an interview.Question is from Graphics with R in portion Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

Right OPTION is (d) Margin

Explanation: For any OPEN graphics device there is a standard font which will be USED for any characters if no other font is specified (font). The standard font determines the WIDTH of the text lines in the MARGINS.

46.

______ will be called inside par() to set margins.(a) Mai(b) Smai(c) May(d) JayI have been asked this question during an interview.Query is from Graphics with R topic in section Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

Right answer is (a) Mai

For explanation I WOULD say: The value of mai is vector c(bottom, LEFT, TOP, right) of length 4 whose VALUES are the widths.Mai will be called inside par() to set margins.

47.

The associated R function is dlogis (x, location = 0, scale = 1) is for _________ distribution.(a) Logistic(b) Linear(c) Discrete(d) BetaI had been asked this question by my school principal while I was bunking the class.Question is from Distribution topic in section Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

Right option is (a) LOGISTIC

To EXPLAIN: The ASSOCIATED R function is dlogis (x, location = 0, scale = 1). The logistic distribution comes up in differential EQUATIONS as a model for population growth under certain assumptions.

48.

When µ = ___ and σ = ___ we say that the random variable has a standard normal distribution.(a) 0,1(b) 0,0(c) 1,0(d) 1,1This question was posed to me in an international level competition.My enquiry is from Distribution topic in portion Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

Right option is (a) 0,1

Explanation: When µ = 0 and σ = 1 we SAY that the random variable has a standard normal distribution and we typically write Z ∼ NORM(MEAN = 0, SD = 1).

49.

Which distribution comes up a lot in Bayesian statistics because it is a good model for one’s prior beliefs about a population proportion?(a) Bohr(b) Discrete(c) Alpha(d) BetaThis question was addressed to me during an interview.Question is from Distribution topic in chapter Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

Correct option is (d) Beta

Explanation: Beta DISTRIBUTION comes up a lot in Bayesian STATISTICS because it is a good MODEL for one’s prior BELIEFS about a population proportion.

50.

The simplest artificial neuron is the _______(a) TGU(b) THU(c) JUH(d) TLUThis question was posed to me in exam.My question is from Neural Networks topic in chapter Distributions, Graphics & Neural Networks of R Programming

Answer»

Right choice is (d) TLU

Explanation: The simplest artificial neuron is the threshold logic unit or TLU. The TLU is SUPPOSED to MODEL the basic “integrate-and-fire” MECHANISM of real NEURONS.