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The correct option is (a) True

Easy explanation: The sporic or intermediate meiosis occurs in plants and some algae. In these organisms, the meiotic division TAKES place at a stage unrelated to either gamete formation or fertilization. SPOROGENESIS (that INCLUDES meiosis) occurs producing spores that GERMINATE into SPOROPHYTES.

The correct choice is (a) telophase

To explain: The last phase in mitosis, just before the onset of cytokinesis is the telophase. During this phase CHROMOSOMES CLUSTER at opposite SPINDLE POLES and the daughter cells FORM by cytokinesis.

The correct choice is (b) maturation promoting FACTOR

The explanation is: The entry of a CELL into mitotic (division or M phase) phase is initiated by the maturation promoting factor (MPF). It CONSISTS of TWO subunits – one with kinase ACTIVITY and the other with regulatory activity.

Correct answer is (c) primase

The best explanation: The enzyme primase is a type of RNA polymerase that is RESPONSIBLE for initiating DNA replication. This enzyme constructs a short primer composed of RNA, that SERVE as PRIMERS for the SYNTHESIS of DNA by DNA polymerase.

Correct option is (c) anaphase

To elaborate: Centromeres are the junction where two sister CHROMATIDS are JOINED. In the anaphase of mitosis, the centromeres SPLIT and chromatids separate and the CHROMOSOMES MOVE to opposite poles.

The CORRECT option is (B) 2

To explain I WOULD SAY: Cells in vivo and in vitro pass through a SERIES of defined stages, constituting the cell cycle. The two major phases of the cell cycle are M phase (constituting mitosis and cytokinesis) and interphase.

The correct option is (b) TLS polymerases

The explanation: Translesion synthesis (TLS) polymerases have an UNUSUALLY spacious active SITE for ACCOMMODATING altered nucleotides that would not fit in other replicative ENZYMES.

Correct CHOICE is (a) Base excision repair

The explanation is: Base excision repair SYSTEM (BER) operates to remove or RECTIFY the altered nucleotides generated as a result of action of REACTIVE chemicals presented in the diet or generated by the metabolism.

Right option is (c) 1969

Best explanation: In 1960s, there were HINTS that Kornberg enzyme – DNA polymerase I was not the only polymerase in a BACTERIAL CELL. In 1969, it CAME to be known that the major enzyme behind DNA replication is DNA polymerase III.

The correct choice is (b) TURNER syndrome

The best I can explain: The ABSENCE of a SECOND sex CHROMOSOME (denoted XO) develops into a female with Turner Syndrome. The Turner syndrome is characterized by GENITAL impairment and abnormal body structure.

Correct choice is (b) thymidine

Explanation: DNA replication can be MONITORED by incorporating [^3H]thymidine in the STRANDS of DOUBLE HELIX. In this way, microscopy can be used to illustrate how the cells PASS through each stage of the cell cycle.

The correct answer is (a) UV radiations

To explain: Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare genetic DISORDER due to DEFICIENCY in nucleotide EXCISION repair system that cannot remove segments of DNA DAMAGED by ultraviolet radiations.

Correct answer is (a) CHANGE in geometry

Explanation: A MISMATCHED base pair can CAUSE a distortion in the geometry of the double helix, which is RECOGNIZABLE by a repair enzyme. This process of repairing is called mismatch repair.

Correct ANSWER is (b) Nucleotide EXCISION repair

For explanation I would say: The template strands of genes that are actively being TRANSCRIBED are REPAIRED by the transcription coupled pathway of the nucleotide excision repair (NER) system.

The correct answer is (c) LIGASE

The best explanation: The Okazaki fragments are synthesized discontinuously in 3’ to 5’ direction and then later joined into a CONTINUOUS STRAND by the enzyme DNA ligase. This strand is termed as the lagging strand.