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51.

Differentiate the Shrimp and Prawn.

Answer»
ShrimpPrawn
Shrimp has lamellar gills.Prawns have branching gills.
Shrimp have claws on two of their five pairs of legs.Prawns have claws on three of their five pairs of legs.
Discussion
52.

Define Mushroom culture. Explain the mushroom cultivation methods.

Answer»

Mushroom is a fungi belonging to basidiomycetes. It is rich in proteins, fibres, vitamins and minerals. Mushroom culture is the process of producing food, medicine, and other products by the cultivation of mushrooms.

Mushroom can be cultivated either on paddy straw or on wood log.

Major stages of mushroom cultivation are;

  • Composting: Compost is prepared by mixing paddy straw with number of organic materials like cow dung and inorganic fertilizers. It is kept at about 50°C for one week.
  • Spawning: Spawn is the mushroom seed. It is prepared by growing fungal mycelium in grains under sterile conditions. Spawn is sown on compost.
  • Casing: Compost is covered with a thin layer of soil. It gives support to the growing mushroom, provides humidity and helps regulate the temperature.
  • Pinning: Mycelium starts to form little bud, which will develop into mushroom. Those little white buds are called pins.
  • Harvesting: Mushroom grow better in 15°C – 23°C. They grow 3 cm in a week which is the normal size for harvesting. In the third week the first flush mushroom can be harvested.
Discussion
53.

The production and management of fish is called ……(a) Pisciculture (b) Sericulture (c) Aquaculture (d) Monoculture

Answer»

The production and management of fish is called Pisciculture.
Discussion
54.

What are secondary metabolites?

Answer»

Most medicines are obtained either directly or indirectly from plants. All the major system of medicines such as Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy (AYUSH) use drugs obtained from plants and animals. These drugs from medicinal plants are called secondary metabolites.
Discussion
55.

Differentiate the Storage cells and Brood cells.

Answer»
Storage cellsBrood cells
The storage cells contain honey and pollen.The brood cells contain the young stages of the honey bees
They are built in the margin and at the top of the combThey are built in the centre and the lower part of the comb.
Discussion
56.

Match the following.Column AColumn B1.Lobsters(a) Marine fish2.Catla(b) Pearl3.Sea bass(c) Shell fish4.Oysters(d) Paddy5.Pokkali(e) Fin fish6.Pleurotus sps(J) Psoriosis7.Sarpagandha(g) Oyster mushroom8.Olericulture(h) Reserpine9.Wrighta tinctoria(i) Vegetable farming

Answer»

1. (c) Shellfish 

2. (e) Finfish 

3. (a) Marine fish 

4. (b) Pearl 

5. (d) Paddy 

6. (g) Oyster mushroom 

7. (h) Reserpine 

8. (i) Vegetable farming 

9. (f) Psoriasis
Discussion
57.

Differentiate the Extensive fish culture and Intensive fish culture

Answer»
Extensive fish cultureIntensive fish culture
Culture of fishes in large areas with low stocking density and natural feeding.Culture of fishes in small areas with high stocking density and providing artificial feed to increase production.
Discussion
58.

Give an account of different types of fish ponds used for rearing fishes.

Answer»

Types of ponds for fish culture Fish farm requires different types of pond for the various developmental stages of fish growth. 

They are:

1. Breeding pond: Healthy and sexually mature male and female fishes are collected and introduced in this pond for breeding. The eggs released by the female are fertilized by the sperm and fertilized eggs float in water as frothy mass.

2. Hatchling pits: The fertilized eggs are transferred to hatching pits for hatching. Two types of hatching pits are hatcheries and hatching hapas.

3. Nursery ponds: The hatchlings are transferred from hatching pits after 2 to 7 days. The hatchlings grow into fry and are cultured in these ponds for about 60 days with proper feeding till they reach 2 -2.5 cm in length.

4. Rearing ponds: Rearing ponds are used to culture the fry. The fish fry are transferred from nursery pond to rearing ponds and are maintained for about three months till they reach 10 to 15 cm in length. In these rearing ponds the fry develops into fingerlings. e) Stocking pond: The stocking pond is also called a culture pond or production pond. These ponds are used to rear fingerlings upto the marketable size. Before releasing the fingerlings, the pond is manured with organic manure and inorganic fertilizers.
Discussion