InterviewSolution
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InterviewSolution
This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 1. |
Describe the term 'NFWP'. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) This scheme is known as the National Food for Work Programme, launched in 2004 in 150 most backward districts of the country. (ii) The programme is open to all RURAL people who are in need of WAGE empolyment and desire to do manual unskilled work. (iii) It is IMPLEMENTED as a 100 percent centrally sponsored scheme and foodgrains ae provided free of COST to the states. |
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| 2. |
"The employment structure is characterised by self-employment in primary sector." Explain. |
| Answer» Solution :In PRIMARY sector, the whole family contributes in the field even though EVERYBODY is not really needed. So there is disguised UNEMPLOYMENT in agricultural sector. But the entire family also has a share in what has been produced, This concept of sharing of work in the field and the produce raised reduces the hardship of unemployment in the rural areas. But this does not reduce the POVERTY of the family, gradually surplus labour from every household tends to migrate from village in search of JOBS. | |
| 3. |
How is poverty line estimated periodically? |
| Answer» Solution :The poverty line is ESTIMATED periodically (normally every 5 year) by CONDUCTING sample surveys. These surveys are carried out by the National Sample SURVEY Office (NSSO). | |
| 4. |
Assertion : The official defination of poverty, however, captures only a limited part of what poverty really means to people. Reason : It is about a ''maximum'' subsistence level of living rather than a ''resasonable'' level of living. |
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Answer» Both A and R are TRUE and R is the CORRECT explanation of A. |
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| 5. |
………….in human capital yields a return just like investment in physical capital. |
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Answer» |
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| 6. |
Describe current government strategyof poverty alleviation. |
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Answer» Solution :The government.s anti-poverty strategy is based on : (i) Promotion of economic growth : Economic growth GIVES opportunities of job creation within the COUNTRY which provides stable livelihood to people and thereby reducing the number of people under poverty. It also provides the resources such as investment needed for human development such as in education, medical facilities, transportation, etc. which further allows growth and creation of jobs. (II) Targeted anti-poverty programmes: The government launche.s programmes DESIGNED for certain groups to help them grow out from poverty. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005 provides 100 days of wage employment in rural areas. Similarly, Prime Minister Rozgar Yojana (PMRY) creates self-employment opportunities for rural areas and small towns. Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana assits poor families above the poverty line by organising them into self-help groups. Under the Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana, assistance is given to states for BASIC services such as primary health, primary education, rural shelter, rural drinking water and rural electrification. |
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| 7. |
Land under cultivation (in million hectares) in India in the year 2000 was |
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Answer» 140 |
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| 8. |
Which of the following is a significant step towards providing elementary education to all the children in the age group of 6-14 years? |
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Answer» SARV SHIKSHA Abhiyan |
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| 9. |
How is human resource different from other resources like land and physical capital? |
| Answer» Solution :HUMAN capital is superior to other resources like land and PHYSICAL capital since human RESOURCE can utilise land and capital for improvement. Land and capital cannot useful on their own and NEITHER can they improve each other without the INTERVENTION of humans. | |
| 10. |
How is division of labours made between men and women in the family? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :In India, women generally LOOK after domastic chores and MEN WORK outside to EARN for the family. | |
| 11. |
What is the national policy of India for health? |
| Answer» Solution :Our national policy AIMS at improving the ACCESSIBILITY of health care, family welfare and nutritional service with a special FOCUS on the under-privileged SEGMENT of population. | |
| 12. |
Why literacy rate is high among males of India? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :INDIA has a PATRIARCHAL SOCIETY or male dominating society. Social stigma doesn.t allow women to be educated as they are meant for domastic chores. | |
| 13. |
How does population become human capital? |
| Answer» Solution :When there is an investment MADE in the FORM of EDUCATION, TRAINING and MEDICAL care. | |
| 14. |
What is the result of unemployment in a country? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Unemployment leads to wastage of MANPOWER resource. People who are ASSET for the economy TURN into a liability. | |
| 15. |
How is a vicious cycle created by illiterate parents for their children? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :A viscious cycle may be created by an illiterate or disadvantaged parents, who themselves are uneducated and lack in hygiene, KEEP their children in a SIMILARLY disadvantaged STATE. | |
| 16. |
How were higher yields of wheat and rice were possible? |
| Answer» Solution :Higher YIELDS of wheat and rice were possible only from a combination of HYV SEEDS, IRRIGATION, CHEMICAL fertilizers, pesticides, etc. | |
| 17. |
Do you think that people appear employed in disguised unemployment? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) In this kind of unemployment, people appear to be employed. (ii) This usually happens among FAMILY members, who are all engaged in agricultural activities. (iii) The work MAY require the service of five people but engages eight people. (iv) If these three people are removed, the work or PRODUCTIVITY of the field won.t be affected or decline. (V) Since the field requires the service of only five people, the three extra people are disguised UNEMPLOYED. |
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| 18. |
How are China and South-East Asian Countries able to control poverty? |
| Answer» Solution :Poverty DECLINED substantially in CHINA and South-East ASIAN countries as a result of rapid economic growth and massive investments in HUMAN resource DEVELOPMENT. | |
| 19. |
Assertion : Over a period of thirty years lasting up to the early eighties, there were little per capita income growth and not much reduction in poverty. Reason : With the spread of irrigation and the Green revolution, many job opportunities were created in the agriculture sector. |
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Answer» Both A and R are TRUE and R is the CORRECT explanation of A. |
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| 20. |
How do medium and large farmers obtain capital for farming? How is it different from small farmers? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Most SMALL farmers have to borrow money to arrange for the CAPITAL. They borrow from large farmers or the village MONEYLENDERS or the traders who supply VARIOUS inputs for cultivation, The rate of interest on such loans is very HIGH and these farmers are in great stress to repay the loans taken. (ii) In contrast to the small farmers, medium and large farmers have their own savings from farming. They use this savings to arrange for next year.s capital and make high profits by selling surplus production and earning higher amounts. Sometimes, they deposit their savings in a bank or lend their money to small farmers or save their savings or buy cattle, truck or to set up shops. |
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| 21. |
What were the targets of SGSY? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i) The Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar YOJNA was launched in 1999. (ii) It aims at bringing up the assisted POOR families above the poverty LINE by organising them into self-help groups through a mix of bank credit and GOVERNMENT subsidy. |
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| 23. |
Who are educated unemployed? |
| Answer» Solution :Many youth with matriculation, graduation and post-graduation drgrees are not ABLE to find jobs. They are EDUCATED UNEMPLOYED. | |
| 24. |
Which of the following is grown in the rainy season? |
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Answer» JOWAR and Bajra |
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| 25. |
How did unemployment lead to poverty? |
| Answer» Solution :Unable to find proper jobs in cities, many PEOPLE started working as rickshaw pullers, vendors, COSTRUCTION workers, domestic servents, etc. With IRREGULAR small incomes, these people could not afford proper housing and started LIVING in SLUMS leading to proverty. | |
| 26. |
Which non-farm activities are practised in Palampur? Write a short note. |
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Answer» Solution :The non-farm activities of Palampur are: (a) Dairy farming. (i) People FEED their buffaloes with various kinds of grass, jowar, bajra that GROWS during the rainy season. (ii) The milk is sold in nearby villages. (iii) Some people have set up collection centres and chilling centres from where milk is TRANSPORTED to far away towns and cities. (b) Small-SCALE manufacturing. (i) Manufacturing in Palampur involves very simple production methods and are done on a small scale. (ii) They are carried out mostly at home. (iii) This is mostly done with the help of family labour. Labour is rarely hired. (c) Shopkeeping. (i) Shopkeepers buy various goods from the wholesale market in the cities and sell them in the village. (ii) Small general stores in the village sell a wide range of items like RICE, wheat, sugar, oil, biscuits, soap, batteries, candles, toothpaste, pens, pencils, notebooks, and even some clothes. (iii) Some families whose houses are closer to the bus stand have used a part of the space to open small shops. They sell eatables here. (d) Transport. (i) Rickshaullahs, tongawallahs,jeep, tractor, truck drivers and people driving the traditional bullock carts and bogeys are the people in transport services. (ii) They carry people and goods from one place to another and in return get paid for it. (iii) The number of people in transport services have risen over the last several years. (e) Self-employed. Some people have opened coaching institutes for various kinds of arts like computer training centres or stitching classes, etc. to obtain profit from a non-farm activity and train more and more people for better opportunities in their lives. |
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| 27. |
How do income inequalities exist within a family? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) In poor FAMILIES, all suffer, but some suffer more than others. (II) WOMEN, elderly people and female infants are systematically denied equal access to resources available to the FAMILY. (iii) Therefore, women, children and old people are the POOREST of the poor. |
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| 28. |
What does PMRY stand for? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :It stands for Prime Minister ROZGAR Yojna, started in 1993. The AIM of the PROGRAMME is to CREATE self-employment opportunities for educated unemployed youth in rural areas and small towns. | |
| 29. |
What challenges are ahead of India with respect to poverty alleviation? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Wide disparities in poverty are visible between rural and urban areas and among DIFFERENT states. (ii) Certain social and economic groups are more vulnerable to poverty. (iii) Poverty reduction is expected to make better PROGRESS in the NEXT ten to fiften YEARS. |
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| 30. |
Money in hand is example of: |
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Answer» FIXED capital |
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| 31. |
What is the role of health in the working life of an individual? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i) The health of a person makes him realise his POTENTIAL and the ability to fight illnesses. (ii) An unhealthy person becomes a liability for an organisation and HENCE his country. (iii) Health is an INDISPENSABLE basis for REALISING one.s own well-being. |
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| 33. |
The largest number of people in India are engaged in: |
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Answer» PRIMARY sector |
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| 35. |
What kinds of jobs attract women in organised sector? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :AMONG the organised SECTOR, teaching and medicine attract women the most. | |
| 36. |
Vulnerability to poverty is determined by the options for finding an alternative living in terms of : |
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Answer» assets |
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| 37. |
Is women's work an economic activity? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :No, women are not PAID for their service delivered in the family. The household work DONE by women is not RECOGNISED in the national income. | |
| 38. |
On what factors the quality of population depends? |
| Answer» Solution :The quality of population depends UPON the literacy rate, HEALTH of a person indicated by LIFE expectancy and skill FORMATION ACQUIRED by the people of country. | |
| 39. |
Self-consumption is: |
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Answer» Non-economic activity |
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| 40. |
State the main reasons why farmers are able to grow three different crops in a year in Palampur. |
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Answer» (i) A well-developed system of irrigation. (ii) ELECTRICITY came EARLY to Palampur. It was perceived to help in transforming the system of irrigation as the earlier Persian wheels, till then, were used to draw water from wells to irrigate small fields. (III) People noticed that electric-run tubewells could irrigate much LARGE areas of land more effectively. |
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| 43. |
Describe poverty trends in India since 1973. |
| Answer» Solution :There has been a decline in POVERTY in INDIA. The PERCENTAGE of PEOPLE living under poverty declined from 1973 to 1993 to 45%. This further declined to 37.2% in 2004-05 and to about 21.9% in 2011-12. The NUMBER of the poor has declined from 40.71 crore people in 2004-05 to 26.93 crore people in 2011-12. | |
| 44. |
Explain the term 'unemployment' in the context of India. |
| Answer» Solution :Unemployment exists when people who are willing to WORK at the going wages cannot find jobs. It can be explained as below: The workforce population INCLUDES people from 15 to 59 years.Therefore, if people below 15 years and above 59 years do not have a JOB, they cannot be called UNEMPLOYED. In India, unemployment can be categorised as in rural and urban areas. Further, rural unemployment includes seasonal and disguised unemployment and urban unemploymentincludes educated unemployment. | |
| 45. |
Multiple cropping and modern farming methods: |
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Answer» INCREASE agricultural productivity |
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| 46. |
"Japan has scarcity of natural resources yet it is a developed and rich country." Discribe briefly three steps that helped Japan to become a developed country. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) JAPAN is a developed country besides having scarcity of resources. (ii) Secret of Japan.s progress lies in the honesty, dedication and commitment of the PEOPLE for the work. (iii) Japan has made use of both education and health factors to MAKE its production more PRODUCTIVE. They are able to get better production with investment in technology broughtby educated technicians. |
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| 47. |
Is it important to increase the area under irrigation and why? |
| Answer» Solution :More area under irrigation WOULD lead to more yield or production to fulfil the NEEDS of the POPULATION. More yield would fetch more income to the farmers. It would PROVIDE more employment opportunities for them. Their supplement income can provide them more capital for further investment in non-farm activities also. | |
| 48. |
Answer the following questions briefly : What are the main features of theNational Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005? |
| Answer» Solution :Mahatama Gandhi National Rural Employment GUARANTEE Act, 2005 aims to provide 100 days of wage employment to every household. This ensures a regular wage in rural areas and promotes sustainable development. `1"/"3` of the proposed jobs have been reserved for women. The average wage has INCREASED from Rs. 65 in 2006-07 to Rs. 132 in 2013-14. | |
| 50. |
How many families live in Palampur? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :About 450 families belonging to several DIFFERENT castes live in PALAMPUR. | |