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EPIC was first introduced in India in 1993

The Electors Photo Identity Card is first introduced by the then Chief Election Commissioner T.N. Sheshan in 1993. 

Following are the merits:

(a) It removes the evil practices like corruption, impersonation and bogus voting. 

(b) Free and fair elections can be conducted by introducing EPIC. 

(c) The real voter can casts the vote by using EPIC. 

(d) EPIC is essential to conduct the elections transparently and honestly. 

(e) It is an official document issued by the Election Commission to all the eligible voters. 

(f) It can also use to get the various benefits of the government.

The prevalence of single political party in a country is called Single Party System. 

Eg: China.

Communist Party of India is an example to Leftist Party 7.

The existence of two political parties I the country is called Bi Party System. 

Eg: USA

Bharatiya Janatha Party is an example to Rightist Party.

The ideology of the Rightist Party is belief I moderate changes in the system.

To curb criminalization of politics, it is compulsory for all the candidates to show their criminal details while filing the nominations as per the Supreme Court decisions. Disqualification for criminal offences is provided in Representation of Peoples” Act 1951.

(a) As per the Act a person is disqualified from contesting election only on conviction by the court of law. 

(b) Cases filed 6 months before election would lead to disqualification. 

(c) Cases in which candidates have accused with the offence and sentenced for 2 or more years are disqualified to contest for election. 

(d) With the offence proved by the court of law a person is not eligible to contest election or a period of 6 years. Providing the above details in the nomination paper enable a voter to elect good and best representatives of their own choice.

Contesting an election is an expensive aspect in the present situation. Election Commission of India made it compulsory for all the candidates to furnish their movable and immovable property details while filing the nomination.

(a) It is clear that declaring the property antecedents, people are able to understand the credibility of the candidates. 

(b) By declaring their property details, candidates can seek the vote before the people without any prejudice. 

(c) it avoids the candidates who earns the property illegally from contesting the elections. 

(d) It.curb the corruption in the administration as the people are watching honest) and sincerity of the representatives during their rule.

The candidate has to file an affidavit to give information relating to his educational qualifications to enable a voter to choose his best choice.

(a) Being representative of the people one has to be educated and actively take part in the proceedings of the legislature, administration and in law making process. 

(b) By knowing the educational details of the candidates, voters are able to elect qualified representatives. 

(c) It is very essential for all the candidates to have at least minimum qualification to know the pulse of the people. 

(d) Only educated reprcsentatice can understand the administration and participate actively.

Elections are inevitable and essential in the modern democratic system. People are the ultimate sovereign authority. People can have an opportunity to elect their representatives by using their voting power and hence they plays an important role in choosing the government.

Here people may determine the destiny of political parties. Power shall be transferred peacefully without any violent way. During the time of elections each and even parties bring their manifestoes before the voters and tries to gain their confidence through various popular schemes and programmes.

People are able to understand the ideologies olf the parties and elect the representatives on their own choice. After the elections, the majority party forms the government and tries to administer the country on the basis of its party manifestoes and thus fulfill the needs and aspirations of the people. So transfer of power is done peacefully through elections in the democratic system.

(a) Eligible voters have wider choice to elect their representatives directly. It provides for direct relationship between the voter and their representatives. 

(b) There is a direct relationship between voters and the representatives in the direct election system and hence the representatives should effectively respond to the needs of the people. 

(c) In the direct election, voters come in direct contact with their representatives and can get the remedies for their grievances. 

(d) In this system, the voters can get political awareness by participating directly in the process of election. 

(e) Here the voters are able to guage the performance, capability of the candidates and finally elect the good and best candidates. 

(f) In view of the forthcoming elections, representatives keep regular contact with the constituency and people.

An elected representative who migrates from one party to another party for benefits is called Defection.

The Anti-defection Act came into force on 1st April 1985.

Sri Rajiv Gandhi, the then Prime Minister of India enforced Antidefection Law.

A law which restrict the representatives from migrating from one part) to another party is called Anti-defection Law.

Loksabha elections are the example of Direct Election.

All the eligible voters of the Nation directly elect their representatives without any intermediaries, it is called Direct Election.