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 1973

One of the most intensive conservation efforts in India, Project TIGER was launched in 1973. It envisaged the setting up of tiger reserves to help in maintaining the population of TIGERS. As per estimates, the number of tigers was about 40,000 at the BEGINNING of the 20th CENTURY.

 Nilambur

The first teak plantations were raised in Nilambur in 1842 by the British. H V Conolly, the Malabar DISTRICT Collector during the British rule, was INSTRUMENTAL in planting teak in the entire Nilambur area, with the help of Chathu MENON, a FOREST officer. Now the plantation is named after Conolly.

 UNESCO

Man and the BIOSPHERE Programme (MAB) is an INTERGOVERNMENTAL scientific programme, launched in 1971 by UNESCO, that aims to establish a scientific basis for the IMPROVEMENT of relationships between people and their ENVIRONMENTS.

 CH₄

Methane (CH₄) is the POTENT GREEN HOUSE GAS.

 INFRARED RADIATION emitted by the earth's surface

A relatively cool layer of air, usually ADJACENT to a ground surface COOLED by net LOSS of radiation, in which the air temperature increases with height.

 upright

In grassland ecosystem, the SHAPE of pyramid of BIOMASS is upright. In grassland ecosystem, the biomass at the base is MAXIMUM followed by that in primary consumers (herbivores), followed by that in secondary consumers (CARNIVORES). The base of the pyramid of biomass represents the PRODUCERS in a pond ecosystem.

 The great Indian bustard

The Great Indian Bustard is a most ENDANGERED species of bird found only in India and adjoining region. Bustard is ONE of the LARGEST flying species of bird with WEIGHT up to 15 kg and about 1 m tall from the ground.

 UPRIGHT

The PYRAMID of energy in terrestrial ecosystem is upright. Pyramid of BIOMASS for terrestrial ecosystems (grasslands, forests) the biomass generally decreases at each higher TROPHIC level from plants via herbivores to CARNIVORES.

 Latent heat of CONDENSATION

Latent heat of condensation, ALSO called the heat of vaporization, is the AMOUNT of ENERGY necessary to change a liquid to a vapour at CONSTANT temperature and pressure.

 Undesirable and unwanted sound

NOISE is DISORDERED sound. MUSIC and noise are both mixtures of sound waves of different FREQUENCIES. The component frequencies of music are discrete (separable) and rational (their ratios form simple fractions) with a DISCERNIBLE dominant frequency.

 Sugar cane waste --used as to MAKE paper

Bagasse is the dry pulpy fibrous residue that REMAINS after sugarcane or sorghum stalks are crushed to extract their JUICE. It is used as a biofuel for the production of heat, energy, and electricity, and in the MANUFACTURE of pulp and building MATERIALS.

 CRUSTOSE lichen

The PIONEER species in xerarch and hydrarch succession are lichens and phytoplanktons respectively. Xerarch is a PLANT succession starting on BARE ground or rock and culminating in a MATURE climax forest. The pioneer species, such as lichens and mosses, result in the gradual accumulation of soil.

 troposphere

The atmosphere has 4 layers: the troposphere that we live in near the surface of the EARTH; the stratosphere that houses the ozone layer; the MESOSPHERE, a colder and LOWER density layer with about 0.1% of the atmosphere; and the THERMOSPHERE, the top layer, where the AIR is hot but very thin.

 Species

Groups of organisms that resemble one ANOTHER in APPEARANCE, BEHAVIOR, chemistry and GENETIC endowment is called species.

 Smoke and Fog

Smog is a kind of AIR POLLUTION, originally named for the MIXTURE of smoke and fog in the air. Classic smog RESULTS from large amounts of coal burning in an area and is caused by a mixture of smoke and sulfur dioxide.