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This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.

1.

When X and Y are statistically independent, then I (x,y) is(a) 1(b) 0(c) Ln 2(d) Cannot be determinedThis question was posed to me during an online interview.Asked question is from Information and Coding in division Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

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Correct answer is (b) 0

The BEST I can EXPLAIN: When X and Y are STATISTICALLY independent the measure of INFORMATION I (x,y) is 0.

2.

When the base of the logarithm is 2, then the unit of measure of information is(a) Bits(b) Bytes(c) Nats(d) None of the mentionedI have been asked this question in exam.I want to ask this question from Information and Coding in chapter Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

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The correct CHOICE is (a) BITS

Explanation: When the BASE of the LOGARITHM is 2 then the unit of measure of information is bits.

3.

Coded system are inherently capable of better transmission efficiency than the uncoded system.(a) True(b) FalseThis question was addressed to me in final exam.Enquiry is from Information and Coding topic in portion Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

Answer» CORRECT choice is (a) True

Explanation: Yes, the coded systems are capable of BETTER transmission EFFICIENCY than the uncoded SYSTEM.
4.

Lempel-Ziv algorithm is(a) Variable to fixed length algorithm(b) Fixed to variable length algorithm(c) Fixed to fixed length algorithm(d) Variable to variable length algorithmThe question was asked in my homework.The question is from Information and Coding topic in section Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

Answer» RIGHT OPTION is (a) Variable to fixed LENGTH algorithm

Explanation: Lempel-Ziv algorithm is a variable to fixed length algorithm.
5.

The method of converting a word to stream of bits is called as(a) Binary coding(b) Source coding(c) Bit coding(d) Cipher codingThis question was posed to me during an online interview.This interesting question is from Information and Coding topic in division Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

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Correct CHOICE is (B) Source coding

For explanation I would say: Source coding is the METHOD of converting a WORD to stream of bits that is 0’s and 1’s.

6.

Which is more efficient method?(a) Encoding each symbol of a block(b) Encoding block of symbols(c) Encoding each symbol of a block & Encoding block of symbols(d) None of the mentionedThe question was asked during a job interview.My question comes from Information and Coding in chapter Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

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Right answer is (B) ENCODING BLOCK of symbols

Easy explanation: Encoding block of symbols is more efficient than encoding each SYMBOL of a block.

7.

Entropy of a random variable is(a) 0(b) 1(c) Infinite(d) Cannot be determinedThis question was posed to me in an interview for job.This is a very interesting question from Information and Coding in chapter Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

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Correct choice is (C) Infinite

To explain I WOULD say: Entropy of a RANDOM variable is ALSO INFINITY.

8.

The self information of random variable is(a) 0(b) 1(c) Infinite(d) Cannot be determinedI had been asked this question by my school principal while I was bunking the class.My question is taken from Information and Coding topic in section Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

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The correct OPTION is (c) Infinite

Explanation: The SELF information of a RANDOM variable is infinity.

9.

The event with minimum probability has least number of bits.(a) True(b) FalseThis question was posed to me in an interview for internship.I would like to ask this question from Information and Coding in section Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

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Right answer is (b) False

Easiest EXPLANATION: In BINARY Huffman coding the event with MAXIMUM probability has least number of bits.

10.

When probability of error during transmission is 0.5, it indicates that(a) Channel is very noisy(b) No information is received(c) Channel is very noisy & No information is received(d) None of the mentionedThis question was posed to me in a job interview.This intriguing question originated from Information and Coding in division Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

Answer» RIGHT answer is (c) Channel is very NOISY & No information is received

To explain I would say: When probability of error during transmission is 0.5 then the channel is very noisy and THUS no information is received.
11.

Binary Huffman coding is a(a) Prefix condition code(b) Suffix condition code(c) Prefix & Suffix condition code(d) None of the mentionedThis question was posed to me in an international level competition.This interesting question is from Information and Coding topic in chapter Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

Answer» RIGHT option is (a) Prefix CONDITION code

To elaborate: BINARY Huffman CODING is a prefix condition code.
12.

The unit of average mutual information is(a) Bits(b) Bytes(c) Bits per symbol(d) Bytes per symbolThis question was posed to me during an online exam.My doubt stems from Information and Coding topic in portion Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

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The correct ANSWER is (a) BITS

The EXPLANATION is: The UNIT of average mutual INFORMATION is bits.

13.

Self information should be(a) Positive(b) Negative(c) Positive & Negative(d) None of the mentionedThe question was asked in a job interview.My enquiry is from Information and Coding topic in portion Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

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The CORRECT CHOICE is (a) Positive

For explanation: SELF INFORMATION is ALWAYS non negative.

14.

Interpolation is a method of(a) Interrelating(b) Estimating(c) Integrating(d) CombiningThis question was posed to me during an interview.Origin of the question is Interpolation topic in section Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

Answer» RIGHT ANSWER is (b) Estimating

The BEST explanation: Interpolation is a METHOD of estimating the VALUE of the function.
15.

Interpolation means(a) Adding new data points(b) Only aligning old data points(c) Only removing old data points(d) None of the mentionedI have been asked this question by my school teacher while I was bunking the class.I need to ask this question from Interpolation topic in portion Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

Answer» RIGHT CHOICE is (a) Adding new DATA points

Easy EXPLANATION: Interpolation is a method of adding new data points within the range of a discrete set of KNOWN data points.
16.

Gaussian process is a _____ interpolation process.(a) Linear(b) Non linear(c) Not an interpolation process(d) None of the mentionedThis question was addressed to me by my college director while I was bunking the class.I'm obligated to ask this question of Interpolation topic in division Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

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Correct option is (a) LINEAR

The explanation is: Gaussian PROCESS is a NON linear interpolation process.

17.

Which is more expensive?(a) Polynomial interpolation(b) Linear interpolation(c) Polynomial & Linear interpolation(d) None of the mentionedI got this question by my school teacher while I was bunking the class.This question is from Interpolation in portion Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

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The CORRECT answer is (a) POLYNOMIAL INTERPOLATION

For EXPLANATION: Polynomial interpolation is more expensive than linear interpolation.

18.

Error is equal to(a) Distance between the data points(b) Square of the distance between the data points(c) Half the distance between the data points(d) None of the mentionedI had been asked this question in exam.The question is from Interpolation topic in chapter Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

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Correct option is (B) Square of the distance between the DATA points

The best EXPLANATION: Error is equal to square of the distance between the data points.

19.

Which produces smoother interpolants?(a) Polynomial interpolation(b) Spline interpolation(c) Polynomial & Spline interpolation(d) None of the mentionedI got this question in my homework.My doubt is from Interpolation topic in chapter Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

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20.

Linear interpolation is(a) Easy(b) Precise(c) Easy & Precise(d) None of the mentionedI have been asked this question in an online interview.I want to ask this question from Interpolation in section Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

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The correct CHOICE is (a) Easy

Easiest explanation: Linear INTERPOLATION is QUICK and easy but not PRECISE.

21.

Interpolation is done by(a) Curve fitting(b) Regression analysis(c) Curve fitting & Regression analysis(d) None of the mentionedThe question was asked during an online exam.Enquiry is from Interpolation in chapter Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

Answer» CORRECT option is (c) CURVE fitting & Regression ANALYSIS

The BEST I can explain: Interpolating the value requires or is DONE by curve fitting and regression analysis.
22.

A rate distortion function is a(a) Concave function(b) Convex function(c) Increasing function(d) None of the mentionedThis question was posed to me during an online interview.Question is taken from Codes and Coding Technique in portion Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

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Correct OPTION is (b) Convex function

For explanation I would say: A RATE DISTORTION function is a MONOTONE decreasing function and also a convex function.

23.

Interpolation provides a mean for estimating functions(a) At the beginning points(b) At the ending points(c) At the intermediate points(d) None of the mentionedI got this question in an international level competition.This question is from Interpolation in chapter Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

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24.

Interpolation methods are(a) Linear interpolation(b) Piecewise constant interpolation(c) Polynomial interpolation(d) All of the mentionedThis question was addressed to me by my school principal while I was bunking the class.This is a very interesting question from Interpolation in section Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

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Right ANSWER is (d) All of the mentioned

Explanation: Some of the INTERPOLATION TECHNIQUES are linear interpolation, piecewise constant interpolation, polynomial interpolation, spline interpolation ETC.

25.

Which are uniquely decodable codes?(a) Fixed length codes(b) Variable length codes(c) Fixed & Variable length codes(d) None of the mentionedI have been asked this question in an interview for job.My question is from Codes and Coding Technique topic in division Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

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The CORRECT option is (a) FIXED length CODES

To explain: Fixed length codes are UNIQUELY decodable codes where as variable length codes may or may not be uniquely decodable.

26.

Which achieves greater compression?(a) Lossless coding(b) Lossy coding(c) Lossless & Lossy coding(d) None of the mentionedThis question was posed to me during an internship interview.Enquiry is from Codes and Coding Technique topic in chapter Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

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The correct answer is (B) LOSSY coding

The best explanation: Lossy coding ACHIEVES greater compression where as LOSSLESS coding achieves only MODERATE compression.

27.

Which reduces the size of the data?(a) Source coding(b) Channel coding(c) Source & Channel coding(d) None of the mentionedThe question was posed to me in examination.The question is from Codes and Coding Technique in portion Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

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Correct ANSWER is (a) SOURCE CODING

Easy explanation: Source coding reduces the size of the data and CHANNEL coding INCREASES the size of the data.

28.

A code is a mapping from(a) Binary sequence to dicrete set of symbols(b) Discrete set of symbols to binary sequence(c) All of the mentioned(d) None of the mentionedI had been asked this question in an internship interview.Question is taken from Codes and Coding Technique topic in division Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

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The CORRECT OPTION is (b) Discrete set of SYMBOLS to binary sequence

Explanation: A CODE is a mapping from discrete set of symbols to finite binary sequence.

29.

In digital image coding which image must be smaller in size?(a) Input image(b) Output image(c) Input & Output image(d) None of the mentionedI had been asked this question by my school teacher while I was bunking the class.Question is from Codes and Coding Technique in portion Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

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The CORRECT OPTION is (b) Output image

The best EXPLANATION: In digital image coding, output image must be SMALLER than the input image.

30.

Which coding method uses entropy coding?(a) Lossless coding(b) Lossy coding(c) Lossless & Lossy coding(d) None of the mentionedThis question was addressed to me by my school principal while I was bunking the class.Asked question is from Codes and Coding Technique topic in division Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

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Right answer is (B) Lossy CODING

Explanation: Lossy SOURCE coding USES entropy coding.

31.

ASCII code is a(a) Fixed length code(b) Variable length code(c) Fixed & Variable length code(d) None of the mentionedThe question was asked in final exam.The query is from Codes and Coding Technique in chapter Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

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The correct choice is (a) FIXED LENGTH code

To EXPLAIN I would say: ASCII code is a fixed length code. It has a fixed length of 7 bits.

32.

Mutual information should be(a) Positive(b) Negative(c) Positive & Negative(d) None of the mentionedI got this question at a job interview.The query is from Codes and Coding Technique topic in chapter Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

Answer» RIGHT answer is (c) POSITIVE & Negative

For explanation: Mutual information can also be negative.
33.

In symmetric key cryptosystem, who knows the key?(a) Sender(b) Receiver(c) Sender & Receiver(d) None of the mentionedThis question was posed to me during an online exam.The doubt is from Error Detection and Correction 2 in portion Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

Answer» RIGHT answer is (c) SENDER & RECEIVER

To elaborate: In symmetric key CRYPTOSYSTEM, both sender and receiver knows the same key.
34.

While recovering signal, which gets attenuated more?(a) Low frequency component(b) High frequency component(c) Low & High frequency component(d) None of the mentionedI got this question during a job interview.Asked question is from Codes and Coding Technique in portion Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

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The correct choice is (B) High frequency component

Explanation: High frequency components are ATTENUATED more when compared to LOW frequency components while RECOVERING the signals.

35.

Which has better minimum distance?(a) Check sum(b) Cyclic redundancy check(c) Check sum & Cyclic redundancy check(d) None of the mentionedThis question was posed to me during an interview.Enquiry is from Error Detection and Correction 2 topic in portion Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

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The correct answer is (B) Cyclic redundancy CHECK

The explanation is: Cyclic redundancy check has better DISTANCES.

36.

Which is more complex?(a) Encoding(b) Decoding(c) Encoding & Decoding(d) None of the mentionedThe question was posed to me in an online interview.Enquiry is from Error Detection and Correction 2 in chapter Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

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Right option is (B) DECODING

Best explanation: In the CASE of block codes, decoding is a COMPLEX METHOD.

37.

Which operates on continuous stream of data?(a) Block codes(b) Convolutional codes(c) Block & Convolutional codes(d) None of the mentionedThe question was posed to me in quiz.I would like to ask this question from Error Detection and Correction 2 topic in portion Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

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Correct OPTION is (b) Convolutional CODES

Best EXPLANATION: Convolutional codes OPERATES on a CONTINUOUS stream of data.

38.

Digital signals are easy for(a) Storage(b) Handling(c) Time dilation(d) All of the mentionedThe question was asked during an interview for a job.The doubt is from Error Detection and Correction 2 topic in division Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

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The correct option is (d) All of the mentioned

Best EXPLANATION: DIGITAL SIGNALS have EASE of HANDING, storage and time dilation.

39.

Which are forward error correcting codes?(a) Block codes(b) Convolutional codes(c) Block & Convolutional codes(d) None of the mentionedThis question was posed to me in an international level competition.I would like to ask this question from Error Detection and Correction 2 topic in section Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

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Right answer is (c) BLOCK & Convolutional CODES

To explain I would say: Block codes and convolutional codes are examples of FORWARD error correcting codes.

40.

Which is used to protect privacy of the information?(a) Compression coding(b) Source coding(c) Cipher coding(d) None of the mentionedI had been asked this question in my homework.I need to ask this question from Error Detection and Correction 2 topic in chapter Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

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The correct CHOICE is (c) Cipher coding

For EXPLANATION I would say: Cipher coding is USED to provide PRIVACY for the information.

41.

Which gets less affected by noise?(a) Error correction(b) Error detection(c) Error correction & detection(d) None of the mentionedI got this question in a national level competition.This key question is from Error Detection and Correction 2 topic in division Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

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Right answer is (b) ERROR DETECTION

To elaborate: Error detection is LESS AFFECTED by noise.

42.

Which needs more check bits?(a) Error correction(b) Error detection(c) Error correction & detection(d) None of the mentionedThis question was posed to me in an interview.My doubt stems from Error Detection and Correction 2 in portion Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

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Right OPTION is (a) Error CORRECTION

The explanation is: Error correction NEEDS more check bits where as error DETECTION needs less check bits.

43.

Which needs re-sending of signal?(a) Error correction(b) Error detection(c) Error correction & detection(d) None of the mentionedThe question was asked in an interview for job.This key question is from Error Detection and Correction 2 topic in chapter Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

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Correct ANSWER is (b) ERROR DETECTION

Explanation: Error detection NEEDS re-sending of DATA.

44.

Which can detect two bit errors?(a) Parity check(b) Cyclic redundancy check(c) Parity & Cyclic redundancy check(d) None of the mentionedI got this question in an interview.My doubt is from Error Detection and Correction 1 topic in division Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

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Correct choice is (b) Cyclic redundancy check

To EXPLAIN: CRC is more POWERFUL and it can detect VARIOUS KIND of errors LIKE 2 bit errors.

45.

CRC uses(a) Multiplication(b) Binary division(c) Multiplication & Binary division(d) None of the mentionedThis question was posed to me in an interview for internship.My doubt is from Error Detection and Correction 1 in section Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

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Right CHOICE is (C) MULTIPLICATION & Binary division

To explain: CRC USES more math like multiplication and binary division.

46.

Which is more efficient?(a) Parity check(b) Cyclic redundancy check(c) Parity & Cyclic redundancy check(d) None of the mentionedThis question was addressed to me during a job interview.Asked question is from Error Detection and Correction 1 topic in section Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

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Right answer is (B) Cyclic REDUNDANCY CHECK

Explanation: Cyclic redundancy check is more EFFICIENT than parity check.

47.

How error detection and correction is done?(a) By passing it through equalizer(b) By passing it through filter(c) By amplifying it(d) By adding redundancy bitsI have been asked this question in final exam.This interesting question is from Error Detection and Correction 1 in division Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

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Right choice is (d) By adding REDUNDANCY BITS

Easy explanation: Error can be detected and corrected by adding additional INFORMATION that is by adding redundancy bits.

48.

Which has continuous transmission?(a) Asynchronous(b) Synchronous(c) Asynchronous & Synchronous(d) None of the mentionedThis question was addressed to me in exam.Question is from Error Detection and Correction 1 in portion Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

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The correct option is (B) Synchronous

To EXPLAIN I WOULD SAY: Synchronous has continuous transmission where as asynchronous have sporadic transmission.

49.

In synchronous transmission, receiver must stay synchronous for(a) 4 bits(b) 8 bits(c) 9 bits(d) 16 bitsThe question was asked in exam.This is a very interesting question from Error Detection and Correction 1 topic in section Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

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Right answer is (C) 9 bits

To explain I WOULD say: In SYNCHRONOUS transmission, receiver must stay synchronous for 9 bits.

50.

Which requires bit transitions?(a) Asynchronous(b) Synchronous(c) Asynchronous & Synchronous(d) None of the mentionedThe question was posed to me in unit test.The origin of the question is Error Detection and Correction 1 topic in division Error Detection & Channel Coding of Digital Communications

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Correct answer is (b) Synchronous

The best I can explain: Synchronous TRANSMISSION NEEDS BIT TRANSITION.