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InterviewSolution
This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 601. |
State the function of malpighian tubles. |
| Answer» Malpighian tubules helpin the removal of nitrogenous wastes and osmorogulation. | |
| 602. |
The number of uriniferous tubles in each kidney of mass isA. About 10,000B. About 5,000C. NumberousD. About `1.0 xx 10^(6)` |
| Answer» Correct Answer - D | |
| 603. |
The waste matters (urea) are transported byA. BloodB. LymphC. RBCD. None of the above |
| Answer» Correct Answer - A | |
| 604. |
Which of these is not a ketone bodyA. Succinic acidB. AcetoneC. Acetoacetic acidD. `beta-` hydroxybutyric acid |
| Answer» Correct Answer - A | |
| 605. |
Absorption of water in DCT is controlled byA. ADHB. ACTHC. OxytocinD. Inslin |
| Answer» Correct Answer - A | |
| 606. |
Main function of glomerulus isA. Reabsorption of waterB. Filtration of BloodC. Reabsorption of `Na^(+)`D. concentration of urine. |
| Answer» Correct Answer - B | |
| 607. |
Which of the following is a powerful vasoconstrctor that increases the glomerular blood pressure and thereby the GFR?A. ReninB. Angiotensin-IIC. AldosteroneD. ANF |
| Answer» Correct Answer - B | |
| 608. |
Which are catabolised by human and apes to produce uric acidA. CarbohydratesB. LipidsC. Nucleic acidsD. Vitamins |
| Answer» Correct Answer - C | |
| 609. |
Arginosuccinase isA. HydrolaseB. LigaseC. LyaseD. Oxido-reductase |
| Answer» Correct Answer - C | |
| 610. |
Projection of cortex between medullary pyramids is called_____ |
| Answer» Correct Answer - Column of bertini | |
| 611. |
Which ones regulate solute reabsorption during urine formationA. ADH and angiotensinB. Angiotensin II and angiotensin IC. Norepinephrine and epinephrineD. Angiotensin II and aldosterone |
| Answer» Correct Answer - D | |
| 612. |
___,_____ and ____ are three processes involved in urine formation. |
| Answer» Correct Answer - Glomerular filtration, reabsorption, secretion. | |
| 613. |
_____ is a tuft of capillaries formed by the afferent arteriole which is a fine branch of _____ |
| Answer» Correct Answer - Glomerulus, ranal artery | |
| 614. |
Efferent arteriole emerging from glomerulus forms fine capillary network around renal tubule known as____ capillaries. |
| Answer» Correct Answer - Peritubular | |
| 615. |
Kidneys are excretory organs inA. All chordatesB. Mammals onlyC. Mammals and amphibians onlyD. Mammals reptiles and amphibians only |
| Answer» Correct Answer - A | |
| 616. |
Assertion : Process of maintaining a constant internal environment is known as homeostasis . Reason : Kidneys are excretory and homeostatic organs.A. If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertionB. If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertionC. If the assertion is true but the reason is falseD. If both the assertion and reason are false |
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Answer» Correct Answer - B (b) Walter Cannon (1932) was introduced the term hormeostasis (homeios = same, stasis= standing ). Homeostasis maintains the stability of the cell envirnoment and this way provides the organism with a degree of independence of the environment , in order to achieve stability .Mammals have two kidneys which perfrom excretory function and maintain urea level in blood . |
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| 617. |
The outline of principal events of urination is given below in random manner. (i). Stretch receptors on the wall of urinary bladder send segnals to the CNS. (ii). The bladder fills with urine and becomes distended. (iii). Micturition. (iv). CNS passes on motor messages to initiate the contraction of smooth muscles of bladder and simultaneous relaxationf of urethral sphincter. The correct sequence of the event isA. (i) `to` (ii) `to` (iii) `to` (iv)B. `(iv)to(iii)to(ii)to(i)`C. `(ii)to(i)to(iv)to(iii)`D. `(iii)to(ii)to(i)to(iv)` |
| Answer» Correct Answer - C | |
| 618. |
Consider the following statement each with two blanks. (i). Annelids have (1).____and insects have (2).____for excretion. (ii). Blood enters the glomerulus via (3)._____arteriole and leaves via (4).____arteriole (iii). During micturition the urinary bladder (5)._____ and the urethral sphincters (6).______ Which one of the following options correcty fills the blanks in any two of the above statements?A. (1)-Malpighian tubules, (2)-flame cells, (5)-contracts, (6)-relaxB. (3)-afferent, (4)-efferent, (5)-contracts, (6)-relaxC. (1)-nephridia, (2)-Malpighian tubules, (5)-relaxes, (6)-contractD. (3)-efferent, (4)-afferent, (5)-relaxes, (6)-contract |
| Answer» Correct Answer - B | |
| 619. |
Flame cells are excretory organ ofA. PrawnB. PlanariaC. Silver FishD. Hydra |
| Answer» Correct Answer - B | |
| 620. |
Which one is the excretory organ in the followingA. ArchaeocyteB. ChoanocyteC. PinacocyteD. Solenocyte |
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Answer» Correct Answer - D (d) Solenocytes (flame cells )help in excretion in flatworms (platyelminthes). |
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| 621. |
Renal calculi are formed due toA. Calcium oxalate crystals accumulationB. Bacterial infectionC. Clotting of bloodD. Presence of hard particles in food |
| Answer» Correct Answer - A | |
| 622. |
Haemodialysis helps in the patient havingA. UremiaB. AnaemiaC. DiabetesD. Goitre |
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Answer» Correct Answer - A (a) Uremia is a condition of high concentration o furea, uric acid in blood etc.Through haemodialysis, waste molecules diffuse into dialysis fluid and the blood is then returned to the patient body. |
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| 623. |
Chemical composition of renal calculi, besides uric acid isA. Bile saltsB. Barium chlorideC. Zinc sulphateD. Calcium oxalate |
| Answer» Correct Answer - D | |
| 624. |
Chemical composition of renal calculi, besides uric acid isA. bile saltsB. barium chlorideC. zinc sulphateD. calcuim oxalate |
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Answer» Correct Answer - D Chemial com produced of renal calcui, beside uric acids is calcium oxalate. |
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| 625. |
Glomerulonephritis isA. inflammation of glomeruli of kidneyB. inflammation of liverC. presence of stone in glomeruli of kidneyD. tumour in glomeruli of kidney |
| Answer» Correct Answer - A | |
| 626. |
Ureter develops from funnel like structure calledA. HilumB. Renal pelvinC. Major calyxD. Minor calyx |
| Answer» Correct Answer - B | |
| 627. |
The composition of ECF is regulated byA. brainB. lungsC. thyroidD. kidneys |
| Answer» Correct Answer - A | |
| 628. |
Renal calculi refers to the condition in whichA. Tumour is present in renal pelvisB. stone is formed in kidneyC. infection occurs in the pelvis regionD. urea accumulates in the blood. |
| Answer» Correct Answer - B | |
| 629. |
An X-ray of lower abdomen shown a shadow in the region of the ureter suspected to be a uretelic calculus. A possible clinical symptom would beA. Active renal failureB. Anuria and haematuriaC. Motor aphasiaD. Chronic renal failure (CRF) |
| Answer» Correct Answer - B | |
| 630. |
Assertion: Stimulation of renin secretion will increase the volume of the extracellular fluid (ECF). Reason: The increased ECF occurs due to decreased active reabsorption of `Na^(+)`A. If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertionB. if both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.C. if assertion is true but reason is falseD. if both assertion and reason are false. |
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Answer» Correct Answer - C Renin is a proteolytic enzyme, secreted into the blood by juxtaglomerular cells of the only known physiological effect of renin is to cause the formation of angiotensis II from its plasma substrate, angiotensinogen. Angiotensin II, stimulates the release of aldosterone from theh zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex. Aldostrerone promotes reabsorption of `Na^(+)` ions by epithelial cells of the collecting duct. retaining `Na^(+)` raises the osmotic pressure of blood and reduces water loss from the body. Hence causing an increase in extracellular fluid (ECF) volume |
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| 631. |
An X-ray of the lower abdomen shows a shadow in the region of the ureter suspected to be a ureteric calculus. A possible clinical symptom would beA. acute renal failure (ARF)B. anuria and haematuriaC. motor aphasiaD. chronic renal failure (CRF) |
| Answer» Correct Answer - B | |
| 632. |
What is the osmolarity (in mosmol `L^(-1)`) in the outer cortex and inner medulla region?A. 300 and 900 respectivelyB.  600 and 300 respectivelyC.  1200 and 300 respectivelyD. 300 and 1200 respectively |
| Answer» Correct Answer - D | |
| 633. |
Statement-1: The final reabsorption of water from the urine into the blood occurs through the collecting duct of a mammalian nephron resulting in thhe production of hyperosmotic urine. Statement-2: The loop of henle creates a sodium gradient in the interstitial fluid.A. both statements 1 and 2 are correct.B. Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrectC. Statement 1 is incorrect but statement 2 is correctD. Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect. |
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Answer» Correct Answer - A The couter current mechanism in loop of Henle and vasa recta, helps in maintaining an increasing osmolarity of the interstitial fluid i.e., from 300 mOs mol `L^(-1)` in the cortex to about 1200 mOsmol `L^(-1)` in the inner medulla. This gradient is mainly caused by NaCl and urea. This gradient thus helps in easy reabsorption of water from the filtrate in the collecting duct so as to produce hyperosmotic urine. |
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| 634. |
Which of the following is recovered in the collecting duct of the nephron?A. PotassiumB. WaterC. GlucoseD. Proteins |
| Answer» Correct Answer - B | |
| 635. |
how much electrolytes are absorbed by PCT of nephron? |
| Answer» Correct Answer - 70 to 80% | |
| 636. |
Assertion: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) controls the amount of water in the urine. Reason: ADH determines the permeability of the collecting duct to water.A. If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertionB. if both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.C. if assertion is true but reason is falseD. if both assertion and reason are false. |
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Answer» Correct Answer - A Osmoreceptors in the body are activated by changes in blood volume, body fluid from the body can activate these receptors which stimulate the hypothalamus to release antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin from the neurohypophysis. ADH facilitates water reabsorption from latter parts of the tubule, thereby preventing diuresis. An increases in bondy fluid volume can switch off the osmoreceptors |
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| 637. |
Reabsorption of water in PCT part of nephron isA. Passive ,80%B. active,40%C. active, 80%D. passive, 40% |
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Answer» Correct Answer - A Nearly all of the essential nutrients, and 70-80 per cent of electrolytes and water are reabsorbed by this segment. Glucose is completely reabsorbed in PCT by active transport. Water is reabsorbed by osmosis |
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| 638. |
Creatinine is not produced byA. ChildrenB. Pregnant womenC. Fasting personsD. Healthy males |
| Answer» Correct Answer - C | |
| 639. |
Which of the following statements are correct? (i). Reabsorption of water occurs passively in the initial segment of nephron. (ii). Nitrogenous wastes are absorbed by passive transport. (iii). Conditional reabsorption of `Na^(+)` and water takes palce in DCT. (iv). DCT reabsorbs `HCO_(3)^(-)` (v). DCT is capable of selective secretion of `H^(+),K^(+)` and `NH_(3)` to maintain pH and `Na^(+)-K^(+)` balance in blood. (vi). Substance like glucose, amino acids, `Na^(+)`, etc,. it the filtrate are reabsorbed actively.A. (i) and (ii)B. (ii) and (iii)C. (iv) and (v)D. all of these |
| Answer» Correct Answer - D | |
| 640. |
Reabsorption of water in PCT part of nephron isA. Passive, 80%B. Active, 40%C. Active, 80%D. Passive, 40% |
| Answer» Correct Answer - A | |
| 641. |
Reabsorption of water in PCT part of nephron isA. passive, 80%B. active, 80%C. active, 40%D. passive, 40% |
| Answer» Correct Answer - A | |
| 642. |
A: The final reabsorption of water from urine into blood ocurs through the collecting duct of a mammalian nephron, resulting in the production of hyperosomotic urine. R: The loop of Henle is responsible for the formation of a sodium gradient across the depth of the medullary intersitium of a mammalian kidney.A. If both Assertion & Reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertin, then mark (1)B. If both Assertion & Reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertin, then mark (2)C. If Assertion is true statement but Reason is false, then mark (3)D. If both Assertin and Reason are false statements, then mark (4) |
| Answer» Correct Answer - B | |
| 643. |
The substance which is completley reabsorbed from the filtrate in the renal tubule under normal conditions is or In nephrons there is complete absorption ofA. UreaB. SaltC. GlucoseD. Water |
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Answer» Correct Answer - C ( c) Complete reabsorption by active tranport takes place for glucose in the PCT. |
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| 644. |
Part of nephron involved in active reabsorption of sodium isA. PCT B. Ascending limb of Henle’s loopC. Bowman’s capsuleD. DCT |
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Answer» Correct Answer - A Part of nephron involved in active reabsorption of sodium is PCT. |
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| 645. |
Reabsorption of water from distal parts of the tubules is facilitated by hormone____________.A. VassopressionB. ADHC. AldosteroneD. Both 1 & 2 |
| Answer» Correct Answer - D | |
| 646. |
Reabsorption of water from distal parts of the tubules is facilitated by hormone____________. |
| Answer» Reabsorption of water from distal parts of the tubules is facilitated by the Hormone vasopressin. | |
| 647. |
In distal convoluted tubule of the nephronsA. Na reabsorption requires energyB. Secretion of K ions does not requires energyC. Water reabsorption requires energyD. Ammonia is secreted |
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Answer» Correct Answer - A (a) Reabsorption of `Na^(+)` in the tubules is an active process. |
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| 648. |
Match the entries in column I with those in column II and choose the correct answer from the following A. A-5, B-3, C-2, D-4, E-1B. A-4, B-5, C-3, D-2, E-1C. A-5, B-3, C-4, D-2, E-1D. A-3, B-5, C-2, D-1, E-4 |
| Answer» Correct Answer - A | |
| 649. |
Reabsorption of glucose from the glomerular filtrate in the kidney tubule is carried out by or Reabsorption in the tubules of nephrons occurs by the process ofA. Active transportB. OsmosisC. Brownian movementD. Diffusion |
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Answer» Correct Answer - A (a) Reabsorption of glucose from the glomerlular filtrate in the kindney tubule is carried out by active transport. |
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| 650. |
In nephron, water absorption is maximum inA.  Proximal convoluted tubuleB.  Loop of HenleC. GlomerulusD.  Distal convoluted tubule |
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Answer» Correct Answer - A In nephron, water absorption is maximum (70-80%) in proximal convoluted tubule. |
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