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(i) Projects which serve more than one purpose are called as Multipurpose Projects. 

(ii) Multi purpose Projects are planned for various purposes like irrigation and hydropower generation, water supply for drinking and industrial purpose, flood control, navigation etc. 

(iii) For e.g. Bhakra Nangal Multipurpose Project on River Sutlej, Jayakwadi Multipurpose Project on River Godavari, etc.

(i) Dhabyachi ghare or mud and wood houses are made of earth mixed with water and organic materials such as straw or dung. The roof is made up of wood.

(ii) Straw is useful in binding the brick together and allowing the brick to dry evenly, thereby preventing cracking due to uneven shrinkage through the brick. Dung offers the same advantage. 

(iii) These houses are built in the low rainfall areas of Maharashtra e.g. Vidarbha, Marathwada.

(i) It is our social responsibility to ensure that the cleanliness and sanctity, of the place of visit is maintained during the visit.

(ii) Managing environment also shows how responsible we are. 

(iii) Managing environment assists in the prevention of the environmental pollution.

A questionnaire for a visit to a NGO working for cleanliness of marine beaches is as follows :

1. What is the year of establishment of this NGO? 

2. What are the aims and objectives of this NGO? 

3. Which activities/programmes are carried out for the cleanliness of marine beaches? 

4. How are the people from surrounding areas involved in those various activities and programmes? 

5. What are the future plans of this NGO?

Field trip:

• Nature: Field trip is an important study method in geography. 
• Importance: Field trip helps in understanding various geographical concepts, elements and processes through direct experiences. It helps in understanding the correlation between humans and environment. 
• Planning: Planning of field trip includes deciding the aim, place, duration, etc. about the field trip. 
• Preparations : Preparations of field trip includes deciding the place of field visit, maintaining essential materials like notebook, pen, pencil, camera, etc., deciding the schedule for field visit, preparing questionnaire, etc. 
• Precautions : One should ensure that there is no harm to the environment in any way during field trip /visit.

Report writing:

• Nature : A field report should be written on the basis of information obtained after field visit is complete. 
• Basis : The field report can be written on the basis of information gathered from field visit, photographs, maps, informative charts, questionnaire, etc. 
• Points : The field report can be written with the help of the following points : 

(a) Introduction 

(b) Presentation of information obtained 

(c) Conclusion, etc

Field trips help in enhancing the understanding and sensitivity about the historical, economic, social, and cultural facts about the selected field. Report on field visit should be presented in the classroom.

(i) We need to carry various items for field visit. 

(ii) For e.g. – A camera is required for clicking photographs, GPS enabled mobile phone and also maps to know directions and locate various places.

(iii) Questionnaire helps to collect the information. So, it is necessary to take items required for field visit and the questionnaires along with us.

(i) How many departments are there in the Meteorological office.

(ii) What is the role of each department. 

(iii) How and when is the maximum and minimum temperature measured.

(iv) Which instrument is used to measure rainfall. 

(v) How do satellites play an important role in the weather forecast. 

(vi) Are drones used by the meteorological department.

(vii) What are the total number of employees. 

(viii) Are all the weather forecasts accurate.

(i) During a field visit, we must ensure that we do not throw litter out of the window while travelling and also we do not throw any trash or litter around us. 

(ii) We must use the dustbins for throwing empty j packets of snacks, empty water bottles, left-over food items, etc.

(iii) Also one must try to keep the surroundings clean by segregating wet and dry waste. 

(iv) We can also avoid usage of plastic bags and instead, can make use of jute or cloth bags. Following discipline is very important during a field visit.

(i) Geography is a science to be learnt through observation.

(ii) Field study gives us an opportunity to get firsthand information of the new place having a different location, climate and landforms.

(iii) Students learn the relationship between physical and cultural factors and how man adapts himself accordingly.

(iv) They get an opportunity to interact with the local people, know about their culture, food, clothing and understand their problems.

(v) Students develop the feeling of belonging to these regions and their skill of observation and reasoning also improves.