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River lift system is used in which water is drawn directly from rivers.

The instruments which lift water from river, canals, lakes, dams, ponds, tubewells, wells are called irrigation Instruments.

It is a condition of water scarcity. It is a continuous period of dry weather, when an area gets less than its normal amount of rain, over months or even years.

Poor monsoon leads to crop failure and sometimes light soil has less water retention capacity, hence irrigation ensures that the crops get water at the right stages during their growing season and will lead to increase of crop yield.

It makes possible the practice of multicropping system.

1. It stores rain water and prevents surface run-off 

2. It irrigates a larger area compared to wells 

3. It helps in raising the underground water level 

1. It occupies large area which otherwise could have been used for cultivation 

2. Many tanks dry up in the dry months 

3. Silting of tank is a problem 

4. Water is lost by evaporation 

1. It may fail to provide water during the dry summer months 

2. A well can provide water only to 1 to 2 hectares of land. 

3. Drawing water out is time consuming. 

4. Water in a well is stagnant and therefore prone to contamination.

Some of the important states that from an important destination in India are:

a) Delhi

b) Rajasthan

c) Kerala

d) Gujrat

e) Assam

They are most famous for historical monuments, forts, mountains, rivers, etc.

(b) Kochchi port

(d) National Highway Authority of India

 (b) National Highway-7

(d) National Highway-8

(a) Madhya Pradesh

Delhi and Amritsar.

The major objective of the Super Highways is to reduce the time and distance between the mega cities of India.

Roads linking a state capital with different district headquarters are known as State High Ways.

National Highways are the primary road systems and are laid and maintained by the Central Public Works Department (CPWD).

Even though India has rich and varied minerals available the availability and production of copper were poor. 

The various uses of Copper are as follows: 

• Copper consist the quality like ductility and malleability. 
• It is also a good conductor of heat and electricity. 
• Copper as a mineral is mainly used in electrical cables, electronics and chemical industries. 

The two leading copper production states of India are – 52% of India’s copper is produced in the Balaghat mine in Madhya Pradesh and another leading producing of copper is Singbhum district of Jharkhand. Also, Khetri mines in Rajasthan are the popular copper mines of India.

State Public Works Department.

Culture played an important role in creating the idea of a nation because of the following reasons :
(i) Art and poetry, stories, music helped in shaping nationalist feelings in Europe.
(ii) Romanticism was a cultural movement which played a role in this context. Romantic poets and artist were critical of reason and science.

(iii) A sense of shared collective heritage was developed.
(iv) Folk dance, Folk poetry, Folk songs were considered the true expression of the spirit of the nation.
(v) Speaking in the vernacular language was another expression of nationalism.

Economic nationalism strengthened the wider nationalist sentiment.

(i) In the economic sphere, liberalisation stood for the freedom of markets and the abolition of state imposed restrictions on the movement of goods and capital.
(ii) There was a strong demand of the emerging middle classes. For example, the German-speaking regions in the first half of the 19th century.
(iii) Napoleon's administrative measures had created out of small principalities a confederation of 39 states. Each of these possessed its own currency, weights, and measures.
(iv) Such conditions were viewed as obstacles to economic exchange and growth by the new commercial classes who argued for the creation of a unified economic territory allowing the unhindered movement of goods, people and capital.
(v) The union abolished tariff barriers and reduced the number of currencies from over thirty to two.
(vi) The creation of a network of railways further stimulated mobility, harnessing economic interest to national unification.

In cement industry.

Kolar (Karnataka).

Copper is used for making utensils. It is used in electric goods industries because it is a good conductor of heat.

Manganese is used in steel making and strengthening steel.

The Tiger king was able to kill seventy tigers when the tiger population in his forests became extinct. He had to kill thirty more and it was then that he expressed his desire to get married to a girl fro the royal family of a state with a large tiger population.

When the British officer was denied permission for hunting a tiger his secretary sent a message to the Maharaja that the Maharaja himself could kill the tiger and then allow his officer to get photographed holding the gun over the dead tiger. But the Maharaja did not agree to his request because he felt doing so would mean other officers would come with similar demands.

The Tiger King acquired the name due to his ferocious attitude that he adopted at the age of twenty when he was crowned the king. He continued to kill till he was successful in achieving his mission of killing a hundred tigers. He was a terror to the tigers and killed ninetynine of them till destiny finally kills him.

The tiger King bought a wooden toy tiger for his son's birthday. It was crafted by an unskilled carpenter. Tiny silvers of wood stood out all over it like quills. One of the silvers pierced the Maharaja's hand. The infection soon spread all over his arm and he could not survive. The irony about his fate is that the king killed many tigers, sometimes even with his bare hands, but a harmless toy tiger proved to be the reason of his death. His death was thus destined and the irony lay in his failure to survive the ominous prediction.

Correct Answer is: (c) 2011

Petrol and diesel are two main energy products of petroleum whereas kerosene oil, greace, ubricating oil, vaseline, synthetic substances, wax are its other by – products.

Chief aim of the uses of multipurpose conservation of resources are: 

1. Water for drinking purposes, water for irrigation purposes and for hydro – eleatric production purposes. 

2. Flood control, fisheries, forest development, soil erosion control. 

3. Increasing groundwater level and water transport.

Correct Answer is: (c) Meghalaya

Development refers to the per capital income of industrial and agricultural production, availability of clean drinking water, pure air, modern techniques and facility of education.

Population explosion caused by scientific inventions in industrialisation, urbanisation and transport sector, increases consumption of resources and due to western consumerist culture the trend of maximum economic development has led to the need of resource conservation.

Liberalism: Derived from Latin word 'liber'means 'free'.It meant differently to different people.
Middle class: For the new middle classes it stood for freedom of individual and equality of all before law.
Politically: It emphasized government by consent. There was to be an end to autocracy and clerical privileges. The right to vote was meant to be only for property-owning men. The lower classes were therefore not included. ln general, it stood for the inviolability of private property and freedom of the markets from state-imposed restrictions on the movement of goods.

Following conditions are necessary for something to become a resource: 

1. Use of the things is possible. 

2. Possibility of being valuable and useful. 

3. Fulfillment of certain aims should be possible. 

4. Skilled Human resources should be available to exploit these items. 

5. Necessary capital should be available for sustainable development in the form of resources.

Gold is a valuable metal :

1. It is used for making ornaments and articles for decoration.
2. It is used for gold plating, teeth covers and medicines.

There are following two classes:

1. Biotic Resources: In these resources, all sorts of living factors are included, such as man, animals, birds, and natural vegetation. As biotic resources reproduce, they are able to increase their numbers, this is why they are called renewable or unending resources. 

2. Abiotic Resources: In this class are included stable and lifeless factors, such as – minerals, soil, land, etc. Due to their inability to reproduce, these resources are non – renewable and ending and they exhaust forever after one time use only.

Correct option is (a) Copper

Copper is used for making utensils, coins, electrical wires and electronics. Their sheets are also made.

Copper is used since primitive times. In fact it was the first metal to be used by man. It has quite good mixing property which makes it a very important metal. When copper is mixed with tin it becomes bell metal. Similarly, when copper is mixed with zinc is become brass.

Uses: Copper is good conductor of electricity. So, it is used in making electric wires, telephones, radio, television, etc. It is also used in making coils of refrigerator and air conditioners. It is also used in insecticides, explosive, colored glass, coins and in printing.

Producing states: Copper is produced mainly by Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. It is also found in Sikkim and Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand.

(B) Jerusalem

1. Unified Payments

2. National Payments Corporation of India

Lead is called Galena

(b) National Electronic Fund Transfer

The lead is soft and heavy is weight.

(B) Goodhope