Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

Uses of Washing Soda :

(a) It is used in softening of hard water.

(b) It is used as cleaning agent for Domestic Purposes.

Image formed by a concave lens is virtual and diminished.

(a) Concave lens

(b) Image is diminished

Concave lens.

The power of a lens is a measure of deviation produced by it in the path of rays refracted through it.

Its unit is Dioptre (D).

The magnifying power of the microscope is defined as the ratio of the angle subtended by the image at the eye to the angle subtended by the object (assumed to be placed at the least distance of distinct vision D = 25 cm) at the eye, i.e., 

Magnifying power = 1 + D/F

Where F is the focal length of the lens.

The magnifying power of a microscope can be increased by using the lens of short focal length. But it cannot be increased indefinitely.

Power of lens (in D) = 1/focal length (in metre)

If focal length of a lens doubled then its power gets halved.

(a) False

(b) False

(c) False

(d) True

(e) False

Increases

Hint: Power (in Diopter) = 1/Focal length (in m)

A virtual and magnified image

Hint: A magnifying glass forms a virtual, magnified and upright image on the same side as the object.

P = +2.0D

P = 1/F(In metre)

⇒ F = 1/P = 1/2

F = 0.5 m or 50 cm

(a) An object is placed at a distance of more than 40 cm from a convex lens of focal length 20 cm. The image formed is real, inverted and diminished.

(b) An object is placed at a distance 2f from a convex lens of focal length f. The image formed is equal to that of the object.

(c) An object is placed at a distance 5 cm from a convex lens of focal length 10 cm. The image formed is virtual, upright and magnified.

(a)This is convex lens.

(b)The nature of the image is real.

(a) at focus,

(b) at 2F,

(c) between F and 2F,

(d) between optical centre and focus.

Conclusions from Oersted’s Experiment:

The following conclusions were stated from Oersted’s experiment:

1. When an electric current is passed through a conducting wire, then the magnetic field is produced around it.

2. When the magnitude of electric current is increased, then the magnitude of magnetic field is also increased.

3. The strength of the established magnetic field due to current carrying conductor depends upon the position of observation point from the wire. Relatively stronger magnetic field is produced near the wire while on increasing the distance of observation point from the wire, the magnetic field intensity goes on decreasing.

4. If the direction of current passing through the wire is from south to north, the north pole of the magnetic field is deflected towards the west. If the direction of current is flowing from north to south, the north pole of the magnetic needle is deflected towards the east. So on changing the direction of the current in the wire, then the direction of magnetic field is also changed.

5. The direction of magnetic field above and below the conducting wire is always opposite. In the coming discussion we would explain magnetic field. This is dependent on position and time both.

Correct answer is (d) Fruit

Natural resources are not equally distributed amongst all countries. For this reason, there arises a need for exchange of these resources as well as the finished goods obtained from them. Most natural resources are bulky in nature. Sea transport provides the most economical mode of transportation for these goods between countries and hence facilitates international trade.  

Inland water transport has the following advantages. 

i. It is the cheapest mode of transport. 

ii. It is environment friendly 

iii. It promotes coastal industries 

iv. It is ideal for transportation of bulk goods 

v. Without sea transport, international trade would become very negligible. 

The major objective of these Super Highways is to reduce the time and distance between mega cities of India. These projects have also helped in the economic development of the country. These highway projects are being implemented by the National Highway Authority of India (NHAI).

The major objective of developing Super Highways is to reduce the time and distance between the mega-cities of India.

Minerals have a variety of practical uses in the pharmaceutical, manufacturing construction, petroleum and high-tech industries. Not only is it valued in the form of precious and semi-precious gemstones, but it is also essential for the proper functioning of human life. Other than the daily intake requirement of minerals by a human body, even the daily toothpaste we use has minerals in it. Abrasive minerals like silica and limestone are used as cleaning agents, while minerals like fluorite produce fluoride which prevents cavities. The white colouring of most toothpaste comes from titanium oxide which is derived from minerals such as rutile, ilmenite and anatase. The sparkle in some toothpaste comes from the mineral mica. Even the toothbrush and tube containing the paste is plastic which is mineral derivative from petroleum.

The major problems of urban settlements are:

1. Very high population density: The youth workforce is settling in cities in search of employment, livelihood and education. As a result, the size and population density of cities is increasing rapidly.

2. Ill – effects of Slums: Due to shortage of residential buildings in metropolitan and large cities, on account of increase in population and its density, the slums are developing rapidly and their ill-effects are also being seen. These slums are devoid of all basic facilities such as light, air, and clean drinking water.

3. Environmental Pollution: Due to rapid urbanisation, various kinds of problems related to environmental pollution are increasing in cities. The black poisonous smoke emitted from chimneys of industries and from automobiles vehicles pollute the atmosphere, which not only effects humans and animals, but also harms the vegetation.

4. High price of Consumer Products: Essential commodities of daily use like milk, ghee, fruits, vegetables etc. come to cities from nearby rural areas. In bringing these from far away areas, the additional costs of transportation, brokerage and profit margins make them costly.

5. Adulteration in Food – Products: Traders in cities adulterate food materials to earn more profits. The adulterated food causes harm to human health and so people often suffer from many diseases.

6. Growing Crime: The people who come from rural areas in search for a job disbalance the sex-ratio in cities. As a result, crimes like kidnapping, rape, murder, etc. are increasing. To become rich soon, the youngsters come in contact with anti-social elements and thus crime rate increases.

7. Sharp socio – economic division and social non – cooperation: With the disparity in availability of resources and houses in cities, a socio-economic division is observed. Driven by personal self interest, people exhibit lack of social cooperation.

8. Lack of healthcare and medical facilities: Growing pollution in cities due to growing population, causes people to suffer from several diseases. The number of doctors and hospitals is quite less in proportion to the population.

Social, cultural and economical condition of Dharavi slum is described below:

1. Social Condition: Dharavi is the biggest slum of Asia. Today, over 6 lakh people live here. In this slum, 10-15 persons of a family live in a single room. Temporary houses are found in this slum; which are mostly double or triple storyed. A single main road goes through the slum, which is known as ninety-feet road, streets are so narrow that not even an auto – rikshaw can enter. Other lanes are so narrow that even a bicycle can pass with very difficulty.

2. Social condition: Lack of drinking water, air and sunlight is found in Dharavi slum. There is no facility of sewerage system. In this slum, lack of basic amenities like toilets, education, healthcare, etc. are common.

3. Economic condition: In Dharavi slum, economic activities like pottery, ceramics, embroidery brocade work, metal work, ornament making; furniture-manufacturing and tailoring are seen. It is a big tourist point and also a point of junior artists of movies. 85% of population find employment in this slum. Mumbai’s 80% waste material is recycled at Dharavi slum; which emits black poisonous smoke. Things made here are sold in Mumbai and other parts of the country, and along with this, they are also exported to Arab countries, USA and European countries.

Following steps should be taken to resolve the problems of temporary slums:

Provision of Housing at Minimum Rates by the Government: On the site of temporary slums, by populating these people in multistorey buildings, the facility of air, light, toilets will automatically be provided. Life expectancy will also increase in a healthy environment. Just like in Kota and Ahmadabad, slum dwellers should be provided residences according to the size of their family, on minimum rates on easy installments.

1. Provision of clean drinking water through taps or tankers at minimum charges or free of cost. 

2. Minimum wages should be fixed and employment should be provided just like MNREGA in rural regions. 

3. Proper arrangement of education for children should be done by opening schools in slum area itself. 

4. Free healthcare facility should be provided by opening community health centers near the slum area.

5. Opportunities of employment should be provided in rural areas so that minimum migration may take places towards the urban areas. 

6. Construction of wide roads. 

7. Arrangement of parks if land is available. 

8. Providing loans for self-employment. 

9. Emphasis should be given on adopting family planning programmes. 

10. Maintenance of law and order in strict manner.

Urban dirty slums can be identified on the basis of the following characteristics: 

1. Clay – built, temporary huts are found in these type of slums. 

2. In the name of roads, 2 to 4 feet wide rounded and trenched streets are found in these slums. 

3. Dilapidated houses are found in these slums and inferior facilities of air, light, drinking water and health care are there and usually there is lack of toilet facilities. 

4. Excessive crowd, less wages and the tendency to perform risky works are mainly found in these slums. 5. Due to poverty, custom of alcohol consumption, crime, malicious mischief, use of intoxicants are very common here.

Dharavi is the biggest slum in Asia. It is situated in Mumbai Metropolitan city of India. It was populated by the potters who came from Gujarat 70 years ago and settled in Dharavi. This slum is situated between suburban area of railway line in 12 km south – west from Juhu. Today surface area of this slum is 557 acres and it is a conjunction of slums. Around 600000 people reside in this slum. As compared to population, number of houses in this slum is quite less. In this slum, 10 – 15 family members live in a single room house.

(i) The main aim of this movement, was to improve the community of Muslims by giving them education, especially is western education and take up government services.

(ii) Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan is considered the soul of this movement.

(iii) English books were translated into Urdu. So that the interest of the Muslims would be best served if it is in Urdu and to concentrate on it.

(iv) The college was raised to the status of a University in 1920 was Aligarh Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental college.

Problems of rural settlements are as given below: 

1. Lack of transportation modes. 

2. Lack of healthcare facilities. 

3. Lack of employment opportunities. 

4. Lack of communication and technical facilities. 

5. Lack of higher education and technical institutes.

1. Lack of transportation modes: In rural areas, normally lack of transportation modes has been found. Here, only private modes are available. So, transportation is a major problem here.

2. Lack of drinking water: Shortage of drinking water has become a serious problem in rural areas. Due to this problem, people face many other types of problem also.

3. Lack of healthcare facilities: The people of rural area depend on nearest urban areas for their small health problems. Due to lack of transportation modes, many times treatment is not available on time and as a result many patients even die.

4. Lack of electricity supply: Rural areas face problem of lack of electricity supply. Due to its irregularity, daily and agricultural works suffer.

5. Lack of employment opportunities: Employment opportunities are also not available here. Due to this factor, young population migrates to urban area. Seasonal and complete unemployment is found here.

6. Lack of technical facilities: Due to this problem, people are not able to connect with Internet. So they are forced to go to the nearest urban area for even small types of works.

7. Lack of higher education and technical institutes: In rural areas, higher education facility is not available. So students are forced to discontinue their study due to this problem.

Distribution of dispersed settlements is found in Prairies area of USA and Canada in North America, Steppes grassland area in Asia; Khadar zone of Ganga in India, wetland area and Bhabar zone of Himalayan mountains, Pampas zone of Argentina in central and south America, Dawns in Australia, Veldts in South Africa and Udaipur, Rajsamand, Dungarpur, Pratapgarh, Banswara districts and the desert region of Rajasthan.

Correct option is a) Complete-Finisher

Several restrictions were imposed in the name of traditions and practices, making’ the workspace of women limited to home.

• To curb injustice the representation of women should increase in all institutions. The 73rd and 74th Amendment reserved 33% of seats for women in local self governing institutions. 
• Access to more and more social and political fields should be made available for women. They should be involved in the decisionmaking process and work for their betterment. 
• This would ultimately lead to eliminating injustice done to them and will enhance their self respect and status.

I agree that all Indian citizens should get I employment.

• If they are deprived of employment opportunities their families would face hunger and starvation. 
• Incident of crime will increase in society. 
• Democracy will collapse leading to chaos. 
• More and more employment opportunities S should be generated for their progress.

I entirely agree that Indian democracy has become profound.

• The Indian Constitution has laid down representative structure of democracy.
• The actual practice of the principles of democracy is the essence of representative system. 
• People have direct representation in Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha and Local SelfGovernment Institutions. 
• Free and fair elections are held at regular intervals to elect representatives. 
• Citizens cast their votes weighing the public issues and policies related to it. All the above factors show that Indian democracy has become profound.

The backward classes have suffered for thousands of years. I feel the following measures x will remove injustice done to the backward classes:

• Atrocities laws should be made stringent. 
• Fast courts should be set up to handle such cases. 
• Stringent punishment should be given if 8 found guilty. 
• Efforts should be made to improve economic 8 status of the backward classes.
• The Government should make efforts to establish social justice and equality. .

• Food, clothing and shelter are the basic necessities of a man. 
• Shelter is not only his necessity but also his right.
•  A permanent need is to get settled in life. 8 If a man gets a home, a large part of his struggle 8 in life will come to an end. 
• The financial burden will be low and he will x work with honesty and will contribute in nation’s X progress. 
• Home for all creates a healthy society. It has an all-round social, economical and psychological effect to strengthen democracy and make it 8 profound.

The above statement is False.

• India has the largest number of voters as compared to any other democratic nation in the world. 
• Free and fair elections which are held regularly is the key for successful democracy. 
• Recurring elections have helped in understanding the political process. As the voting age was reduced from 21 to 18 years, the political participation has increased. 
• Increasing participation of the people in the political process and political contest shows that Indian democracy is successful.

The above statement is True.

• Indian Constitution cancelled all the conditions which were put for voting before independence thereby increasing the number of voters. 
• The Constitution adopted adult suffrage which has facilitated all adult men and women to cast their vote. 
• The age limit to vote was reduced to 18 years from 21 years which gave opportunity of political participation to the young generation. No other democratic country in the world has voters- in such large numbers.

Hence, Indian democracy is the largest democracy in the world.

For the successful functioning of democracy, good governance is very essential.

• People should elect good and professional candidates. 
• People should keep watch on the work done by them. 
• Corrupt candidates should not be elected or re-elected. 
• People should respond to various policies which are beneficial for society. 
• People should pressurise the government to start various developmental policies for country’s progress.

The answer is  (B) Dietrich Brandis 

The answer is  (A) Shifting cultivation

The answer is (A) Korava, Karach and Yirukula

The answer is (C) 1157 tigers and 2000 leopards

Wordsworth compares the daffodils with the stars because they are numerous.

In Sindh Muslim league get majority.

In the province of Punjab.

(c) By the Act of 1935

• First step towards the beginning of responsible rule, 
• A good effort towards the expansion of central and provincial legislature.

On April 1, 1937